Instructions to IELTS Writing Task 1.doc

Parkers Writing MaterialsInstructions to IELTS Writing Task 1Part One 基本句型1. the table shows the changes in the number of.over the period from.to. 该表格描述了在.年之.年间.数量的变化。 2. the bar chart illustrates that. 该柱状图展示了. 3. the graph provides some interesting data regarding. 该图为我们提供了有关.有趣数据。 4. the diagram shows (that). 该图向我们展示了. 5. the pie graph depicts (that). 该圆形图揭示了. 6. this is a curve graph which describes the trend of. 这个曲线图描述了.的趋势。 7. the figures/statistics show (that). 数据（字）表明. 8. the tree diagram reveals how. 该树型图向我们揭示了如何. 9. the data/statistics show (that). 该数据（字）可以这样理解. 10. the data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that. 这些数据资料令我们得出结论. 11. as is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table. 如图所示. 12. according to the chart/figures. 根据这些表（数字）. 13. as is shown in the table. 如表格所示. 14. as can be seen from the diagram, great changes have taken place in. 从图中可以看出，.发生了巨大变化。 15. from the table/chart/diagram/figure, we can see clearly that.or it is clear/apparent from the chart that. 从图表我们可以很清楚（明显）看到. 16. this is a graph which illustrates. 这个图表向我们展示了. 17. this table shows the changing proportion of a & b from.to. 该表格描述了.年到.年间a与b的比例关系。 18. the graph, presented in a pie chart, shows the general trend in. 该图以圆形图形式描述了.总的趋势。 19. this is a column chart showing. 这是个柱型图，描述了. 20. as can be seen from the graph, the two curves show the fluctuation of. 如图所示，两条曲线描述了.的波动情况。 21. over the period from.to.the.remained level. 在.至.期间，.基本不变。 22. in the year between.and. 在.年到.期间. 23. in the 3 years spanning from 1995 through 1998. 1995年至1998三年里. 24. from then on/from this time onwards. 从那时起. 25. the number of.remained steady/stable from (month/year) to (month/year). .月(年)至.月（年).的数量基本不变。 26. the number sharply went up to. 数字急剧上升至. 27. the percentage of.stayed the same between.and. .至.期间.的比率维持不变。 28. the figures peaked at.in(month/year) .的数目在.月（年）达到顶点，为. 29. the percentage remained steady at. 比率维持在. 30. the percentage of.is slightly larger/smaller than that of. .的比例比.的比例略高（低）。 31. there is not a great deal of difference between.and. .与.的区别不大。 32. the graphs show a threefold increase in the number of. 该图表表明.的数目增长了三倍。 33.decreased year by year while.increased steadily. .逐年减少，而.逐步上升。 34. the situation reached a peak(a high point at) of%. .的情况（局势）到达顶（高）点，为.百分点。 35. the figures/situation bottomed out in. 数字（情况）在.达到底部。 36. the figures reached the bottom/a low point/hit a trough. 数字（情况）达到底部（低谷）。 37. a is .times as much/many as b. a是b的.倍。 38. a increased by. a增长了. 39. a increased to. a增长到. 40. high/low/great/small/ percentage. 比低高（低） 41. there is an upward trend in the number of. .数字呈上升趋势。 42. a considerable increase/decrease occurred from.to. .到.发生急剧上升。 43. from.to.the rate of decrease slow down. 从.到.，下降速率减慢。 44. from this year on，there was a gradual decline/reduction in the.,reaching a figure of. 从这年起，.逐渐下降至. 45. be similar to. 与.相似 46. be the same as. 与.相同 47. there are a lot similarities/differences between.and. .与.之间有许多相似（不同）之处 48. a has something in common with b a于b有共同之处。 49. the difference between a and b lies in. a与b之间的差别在于. 50. (year) witnessed/saw a sharp rise in. .年.急剧上升。 Part Two 写作常识1. 图形种类及概述法： 泛指一份数据图表：a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table 饼图：pie chart 直方图或柱形图：bar chart / histogram 趋势曲线图：line chart / curve diagram 表格图：table 流程图或过程图：flow chart / sequence diagram 程序图：processing/procedures diagram 2. data的具体表达法 data在某一个时间段固定不变：fixed in time 在一系列的时间段中转变：changes over time 持续变化的data在不同情况下: 增加：increase / raise / rise / go up . 减少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall . 波动：fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave . 稳定：remain stable / stabilize / level off . 最常用的两种表达法： 动词 + 副词形式（Verb+Adverb form） 形容词 + 名词形式（Adjective+Noun form） l Verb+Adverb form The number of XXX +increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuate. +insignificantly/significantly/slightly/suddenly/rapidly/dramatically/sharply/steeply/steadily/gradually/slowly. +from (第一时间) to (第二时间) / between (第一时间) and (第二时间) l Adjective+Noun form There was a (very) sudden/rapid/dramatic/significant/sharp/steep/steady/gradual/slow/slight +increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuation （注意：上述很多词不可用于修饰fluctuation） +in the number of XXX from (第一时间) to (第二时间) / between (第一时间) and (第二时间) 描述稳定的data： The number of XXX remained steady/stable from (第一时间) to (第二时间) / between (第一时间) and (第二时间) The number of XXX stayed the same from (第一时间) to (第二时间) / between (第一时间) and (第二时间) There was little change / hardly any change / no change in the number of XXX from from (第一时间) to (第二时间) / between (第一时间) and (第二时间) 描述不同状态的data Noun form: steady drop / sharp rise peak / dramatic fall / sharp drop Verbal form: (to) bottom out / (to) reach the bottom / (to) increase gradually / (to) reach a plateau / (to) remain steady 描述the highest point以及the lowest point 高点极值： The monthly profit / The figures / The situation . +peaked in (月份/年) at XXX% / XXX(极点data) 或者reached a peak / a high point at XXX% / XXX(极点data) 低点极值： XXX bottomed out / reached +rock / the bottom / a low point 或者hit a trough 此外，在描述过程中还有很多的conjunctional words/sentences，最常用的固定搭配如下： 并列： as well as(句首/中), also, as well(句尾), either, neither, too, moreover, furthermore, in addition, additionally, besides, whats more, apart from . 举例： for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, in particular, particularly, especially 事实： as a matter of fact, in fact, actually, as long as, so long as . 雷同/近似：similarly, likewise(句首/尾), at the same time, equally . 转折： however, whereas, nevertheless, nonetheless, though, although, even though, while, yet, on the contrary, contrarily, in contrast, conversely, on the other hand, unlikely, in stead (of), in spite of, despite of . 原因与结果 1. cause-suggestion (几乎不常用) since / now that .; I hope that. because of/on account of/owing to/thanks to + (doing) sth, I hope that. 2. cause-effect (较常用) XXX lead to / bring about / result in/ account for . (一个句子), therefore / thus / hence / as a result / consequently / (and) so . 3. effect-cause (较常用) XXX be caused by / result from / be the result of / be the effect of / be the consequence of . (一个句子), because . it is adj. that . it is unimaginable that . it is undeniable that . it is interesting to discover that . 3. 其它相关常用词（组） 1). 主章开头 图表类型：table; chart; diagram; graph; column chart; pie graph 描述：show; describe; illustrate; can be seen from; clear; apparent; reveal; represent 内容：figure; statistic; number; percentage; proportion 2). 表示数据 一般：have 10%; at 10%; over 10% 最高（低）点：peaked; reached a peak / high point bottomed out; reached the bottom 变化：recover 略有回升； increase; jump; rise/rose; climb decrease; fall/fell; drop; decline; reduce fluctuate 浮动，摇摆不定 remained steady/stable; stay the same; little/hardly any /no change 变化程度：sudden/suddenly 突然的，意外的 rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飞快的，险峻的 dramatic/dramatically 戏剧性的，生动的 significant/significantly 有意义的，重大的，重要的 sharp/sharply 锐利的，明显的，急剧的 steep/steeply 急剧升降的 steady/steadily 稳固的，坚定不移的 gradual/gradually 渐进的，逐渐的 slow/slowly 缓慢的，不活跃的 slight/slightly轻微的、略微地 stable/stably 稳定的 3). 表示范围：from XXX to XXX; between XXX and XXX; for XXX to XXX多长时间直到 4). 表示程度：almost adv. 几乎，差不多 nearly adv. 几乎，密切地 approximately adv. 近似的，大约 about adv. 附近， 大约，转向，左右，周围 just over 刚超过 over adv. 结束，越过，从头到尾 exactly adv. 正确地，严密地 precisely adv. 正好 精确地；清晰地 比例：20 per cent 20% one in three 1/3 one out of every four 1/4 5).其它在描述中的常用到的词 significant changes 图中一些较大变化 noticeable trend 明显趋势 during the same period 在同一时期 grow/grew 增长 distribute 分布，区别 unequally 不相等地 pronounced 明显的 average 平均 no doubt 无疑地 corresponding adj. 相应的，通讯的 represent vt. 阐述，表现 overall 总体上讲 except 除外 in the case of adv. 在.的情况下 in terms of / in respect of / regarding 在.方面 in contrast 相反，大不相同 in conclusion adv. 最后，总之 in comparison 相比之下 inversely adv. 相反地，倒转地 in general 通常，大体上，一般而言 range from excessive adj. 过多的，过分的，额外 lower v.降低，跌落 elapse vi.（时间）过去，消逝 category n.种类 government policy 政府政策 market forces 市场规律 measure n. 尺寸，方法，措施 v.估量，调节 forecast n. 先见，预见 v. 预测 Part Three 图表题例题1The graph illustrates the daily number of units of electricity used in England during both summer and winter. The pie chart indicates the percentage of typical uses of the electricity.First, the graph indicates that the amount of electricity used in the winter is double that used in the summer. In winter, usage rises between 00:00hrs and 02:00 hrs, from 35 thousand units to 40 thousand followed by a decrease between 02:00hrs and 07:30hrs to 30 thousand units. Usage rises from 07:30hrs to 12:00hrs then evens out at 40 thousand until it peaks at 22:00hrs, to 45 thousand units.Heat and other daily items consume 85% of the electricity and 15% is consumed by items used irregularly such as blenders, vacuums, etc. in both summer and winter.In the summer, usage starts at 16 thousand units at 00:00hrs and drops steadily to 15.5 thousand at 07:30hrs. Usage rises to a peak of 20 thousand units at 13:30hrs, then drops of to a steady 15 thousand units until it peaks again at approximately 23:00hrs to just under 20 thousand units.It is worth noting that the low and high usage periods in both winter and summer are similar except between 00:00hrs and 02:00hrs.例题2The graphs above reveal that as the number of Japanese tourists traveling abroad has grown, so has Australias share of the Japanese tourist market. The number of Japanese tourists traveling abroad increased from approximately five million in 1985 to approximately 15 million in 1995. Thats a 300% increase. Australias share of that market increased during the same period similarly from two percent in 1985 to six percent in 1994. Data is not shown for 1995. This means that more and more Japanese tourists are heading to Australia to spend their vacations. It is interesting to note that there was a decline in the number of Japanese tourists heading to Australia in 1989 even though more Japanese tourists were traveling that year than the previous. A surge in Japanese traveling abroad in 1990 resulted in Australia regaining their share of Japanese tourists. The data also shows that fewer Japanese traveled to Australia in 1994, even though the number of Japanese traveling abroad was higher than ever. It would be interesting to examine the data for 1995 to see if this trend continued.Part Four 流程图和示意图 描述图表，让没有看到图表的人，听完你的描述以后，就对图表的主要特征有所了解。描述方法：首先写结构（按照时间顺序或空间顺序），然后是流程（时间顺序）或功能（例举），或按题目要求写。要写功能的文章还可以这样写结构1功能1结构2功能2结构3功能3例题1The figure reveals how to obtain water in fieldwork. A ditch with green plants at the bottom of it has to be located at the very beginning. Then a sheet of plastic, fixed by several big stones, should cover across the ditch. Another stone is also needed to be placed at the center of the sheet, which can form a lowest point of the whole plastic sheet (nadir). Finally, just under this lowest point, a container could be put at the bottom of the ditch. When there is sunshine, vapor, rising from the green plants, meets the plastic sheet and turns into small drops of water. Because by nature water flows downward, enough water might be accumulated around the stone to allow itself to drop off the plastic sheet and fall into the container under the stone. Thus, the water collected in the container can serve those people working outdoors.例题2 The map shows the town of Garlsdo