William_Wordsworth(英美文选).ppt

Allgoodpoetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings WilliamWordsworth WilliamWordsworth 7April1770 23April1850 AmajorEnglishRomanticpoetwho withSamuelTaylorColeridge helpedlaunchtheRomanticAgeinEnglishliteraturewiththeir1798jointpublication LyricalBallads Wordsworth smasterpieceisgenerallyconsideredtobeThePrelude asemiautobiographicalpoemofhisearlyyearswhichthepoetrevisedandexpandedanumberoftimes Theworkwasposthumouslytitledandpublished priortowhichitwasgenerallyknownasthepoem toColeridge WordsworthwasEngland sPoetLaureatefrom1843untilhisdeathin1850 SamuelTaylorColeridge 1772 1834 poet critic wasborninOtterySt Mary Devonshire thesonofaclergyman ThepoetRobertSoutheyaswellasColeridgelivednearby andthethreemenbecameknownas LakePoets 骚赛 柯立基也居住在同一地城 三人并称为 湖畔诗人 他们也是英国文学中最早出现的浪漫主义作家 他们喜爱大自然 描写宗法制农村生活 厌恶资本主义的城市文明和冷酷的金钱关系 他们远离城市 隐居在昆布兰湖区和格拉斯米尔湖区 由此得名 湖畔派 LyricalBallads 抒情歌谣集 是英國浪漫時期文學兩大詩人 華滋華斯 WilliamWordsworth 以及柯立基 SamuelTaylorColeridge 的共同心血結晶 收錄包括華滋華斯著名的 丁騰修道院 LineswrittenafewmilesaboveTinternAbbey 和柯立基的鉅作 古舟子詠 TheRimeoftheAncientMariner 它的出版具有劃時代性的意義 揮別了18世紀波普 AlexanderPope 德萊頓 JohnDryden 等新古典主義強調規則 次序 克制 理性 和諧 均衡等文學價值 這些 湖畔派詩人 轉而追求天賦的回溯 與自然的親近以及對於情感和想像力的內在開發 逐漸趨近日後心理分析學派關於幼時回憶與潛意識的絕對著墨 ThePrelude whichbeganinthe1790s wascompletedin1805end ManycriticsrankitasWordsworth sgreatestwork England sPoetLaureate 桂冠诗人 据希腊神话所述 当阿波罗快要追上达佛涅时 她变成了一棵月桂树 阿波罗随即把月桂作为他的标志 并决定把月桂枝条或桂冠作为给诗人及优胜者的荣誉奖赏 见奥维德 变形记 第一卷 从阿波罗神话到英国的桂冠诗人 一脉相承 沿袭了国王和首领们供养宫廷诗人为其歌功颂德的古老传统 斯堪的纳维亚的吟唱诗人 skald 威尔士的吟游诗人 bard 盎格鲁 撒克逊的吟游诗人 scop 都和英格兰的桂冠诗人有相似之处 都依附于某个宫廷 为其服务 为宫廷娱乐而设的专职诗人 如威廉一世时的宫廷诗人 亨利一世时的御前诗人 到了亨利三世时 便成为王室诗人 成为英国皇家成员 LifeThesecondoffivechildrenborntoJohnWordsworthandAnnCookson WilliamWordsworthwasbornon7April1770inCockermouthinCumberland partofthescenicregioninnorth westEngland theLakeDistrict Wordsworthmadehisdebutasawriterin1787whenhepublishedasonnetinTheEuropeanMagazine ThatsameyearhebeganattendingStJohn sCollege Cambridge hedevelopedakeenloveofnatureasayouth andreceivedhisB A degreein1791 HereturnedtoHawksheadforhisfirsttwosummerholidays andoftenspentlaterholidaysonwalkingtours visitingplacesfamousforthebeautyoftheirlandscape In1790 hetookawalkingtourofEurope duringwhichhetouredtheAlpsextensively andalsovisitednearbyareasofFrance Switzerland andItaly InNovember1791 WordsworthvisitedRevolutionaryFranceandbecameenthralledwiththeRepublicanmovement HefellinlovewithaFrenchwoman AnnetteVallon whoin1792gavebirthtotheirchild Caroline BecauseoflackofmoneyandBritain stensionswithFrance hereturnedalonetoEnglandthenextyear andwarbetweenFranceandBritainpreventedhimfromseeingAnnetteandCarolineagainforseveralyears 1793sawWordsworth sfirstpublishedpoetrywiththecollectionsAnEveningWalkandDescriptiveSketches Hereceivedalegacyof900fromRaisleyCalvertin1795sothathecouldpursuewritingpoetry In1797WordsworthmetSamuelTaylorColeridgeinSomerset Thetwopoetsquicklydevelopedaclosefriendship Wordsworthandhissister Dorothy movedtoAlfoxtonHouse Somerset justafewmilesawayfromColeridge shomeinNetherStowey Together WordsworthandColeridge withinsightsfromDorothy producedLyricalBallads 1798 animportantworkintheEnglishRomanticmovement Intheautumnof1798 Wordsworth Dorothy andColeridgetraveledtoGermany WhileColeridgewasintellectuallystimulatedbythetrip itsmaineffectonWordsworthwastoproducehomesickness Duringtheharshwinterof1798 1799 WordsworthlivedwithDorothyinGoslar anddespiteextremestressandloneliness hebeganworkonanautobiographicalpiecelatertitledThePrelude Healsowroteanumberoffamouspoems including theLucypoems HeandhissistermovedbacktoEngland nowtoDoveCottageinGrasmereintheLakeDistrict andthistimewithfellowpoetRobertSoutheynearby Throughthisperiod manyofhispoemsrevolvearoundthemesofdeath endurance separation andgrief In1802WordsworthmarriedMaryHutchinson achildhoodfriend whoisportrayedinthecharminglyricas aPhantomofDelight In1813 WordsworthmovedtoRydalMount afewkilometersfromDoveCottage andtherethepoetspenttheremainderofhislife expectforPeriodictravels Inhislateryears hispositionasagreatpoetwasfirmlyestablishe