大学英语语法讲座_虚拟语气.doc

在虚拟条件句中：(一) 三种基本形式：1) 与现在事实相反的假设 IfV.ed, .wouldshouldmightcould+V Ifyou knew everything now, you would not be so angry with him. 2) 与将来事实相反的假设 IfV.ed, .wouldshouldmightcould+V Should+V Were to+V If he had enough money next year, he might go abroad soon. 3) 与过去事实相反的假设 If + had+ V.ed, .wouldshouldmightcould + have + V.edIf I had known his number, I might have telephoned him yesterday. For examples:1. If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the experiment so many times. 2. They would have got some tickets that night if they had got to the tickets office early. 3. If you had spoken to him last time you saw him, you would know what to do now. 4. If I were you , I would not have made so many mistakes last night (二) 几种特殊形式：1）省略“if”引起倒装: 将were/had/should提前1If I were you, I might choose this one. Were I you, I might choose this one. 2If I had known his number, I might have telephoned him yesterday. Had I known his number, I might have telephoned him yesterday. 2）otherwise, but for, without, but that, except for, only , but, or 1. Without electricity we would do nothing. 2. But for your help, we could not have finished the task so well. 3. I caught her by the hand. Otherwise she would have fallen into the sea. 4_he was seriously ill, I would not have told him the truth. a ) If I knew b) if I know c) Had I known d) Did I know 5 We could not have fulfilled the task in time if it -for their help. a ) was not b) is not c) had not been d) has not been 3）在表示祈愿的动词wish后： 对现在的虚拟要用V.ed； 对将来的虚拟要用could/might/would /should+V; 对过去的虚拟要用had+V.ed或could/might/would/shouldhave+V.ed；如：IwishIhadboughtthehouse. Iwishyoucouldhavepassedthetest. Hewishesheweremyage. Wewishyouwouldtryagain. The boy wishes he had wings. How she wishes she hadnt left home! 4）在Its (high) time结构后： V.edIts high time you left home for work. Its time for you to leave home to work.5）在d rather后：would rather , would sooner, had rather也用来表达主观愿望, 谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示宁愿做什么或对过去做的事的懊悔。Wed rather you lived far away from us. Wed rather we hadnt been there before. 6）在表示祈愿的if only后：谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式(谓语动词与wish宾语从句的虚拟形式相同).IfonlyyouhadnttoldLindawhatIsaid. If only I knew how to do it. If only they hadnt made such a mistake. 7）在as if, as though 引导的从句中与wish后的从句基本相同He talked about the moon as though he had been there. 8）在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 (should)V. 表示要求的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg表示提议、劝告、建议的：move, propose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote表示决定、命令的：decide, order表示主张的：maintain, urge表示同意、坚持的: insistThe doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news.9）It iswas+adj.p.p+that(should)V. necessary, desirable, essential, advisable, important, requested, suggested, insisted There was a suggestion that Browns (should) be dropped from the team. It is most desirable that he-for the information by himself with a few clicks online. A .search b. searched C .has searched d. will searched 10）lest, for fear that, in case引导的目的状语从句, 表示以防，以免等意思，其谓语动词