八年级(下) Units 7—8.docx

八年级(下) Units 78河北中考基础知识梳理 类别课标考点要求词汇拓展1.spell (过去式)_2pronounce (名词)_3nod (现在分词)_ (过去分词)_4polite(副词)有礼貌地_5pride (形容词)骄傲的_6.kiss(第三人称单数)_7pollute(名词)_8shut(过去分词)_9empty(动词)(过去分词)_ (反义词)_10die(名词)_11factory(复数)_短语互译1._总计；合计；总共2_三分之一3_被覆盖4_三分之二5ring up _6go up _7_用不同的方式或方法8_握手9_因而众所周知10_在最近一些年里11_打扫；把打扫干净12.draw ones attention_13_捡起；拿起14a bit of _15_扔掉16shut down _17again and again _18start out _19live off _20_相继死去；灭绝21_把分成句型温故1.我认为旅行是学习地理的好方法。I think travelling is _ to learn geography.2“你去过亚洲其他国家吗？”“没有，但是或许有一天我会去日本。”Have you ever been to _ in Asia?No，but maybe I will go to Japan one day.3因为天很热，游泳的人数正在迅速增加。_ swimmers is increasing quickly because its very hot.4汽车和工厂制造最严重的污染。Cars and factories make _5我们在许多方面不同，但是所有的生物都是有联系的。We are different _，but all living things are connected.6.它可以再利用，制成新的玻璃。It can all be _ and made _ new glass.7墨西哥的首都是墨西哥城市。The _ city of Mexico is Mexico City.8我们的人民因有趣的舞蹈和多彩的文化而闻名。My people _ our fun dances and colourful culture.9她没有通过考试，这让她的妈妈很失望。Failing in the exam _ her mother _10让我们打扫吧！Lets _！11这是引起人们对环境关注的特殊的一天。Its a special day to _ to the environment.12我们应该捡起垃圾！We should _ the garbage！语法总览1.现在完成时。2被动语态。3.it的用法。话题再现1.谈论对比和比较2.谈论原因、结果、目的河北五年中考真题演练被动语态( )1.(2015年38题)Everybody _ deeply after they heard the story.Amoves BmovedCis moved Dwas moved( )2.(2014年43题)The pet dog is warm and loving.It _ as a daughter of my family.Atreats BtreatedCis treated Dwas treated( )3.(2013年38题)Annie _ to the party.She had a wonderful time with us.Ainvites Bis invitedCwas invited Dhas invited( )4.(2012年44题)More money _ when we use both sides of paper.Awill save Bwas savedChas saved Dwill be saved( )5.(2011年44题)The Spring Festival _ in January or February.Acelebrates Bis celebratedCcelebrated Dwas celebrated( )6.(2010年37题)Hong Kong _ to be a good place for eating today.Aknows BknewCis known Dwas known河北中考重难点突破 辨析die，dead，dying和death【考点抢测】1The old man has been dead for ten years.(改为同义句)The old man _ ten years _die，dead，dying2My grandfather _ at the age of 86.3He has been _ for two years.4The little girl cried when she saw her _ cat.( )5.(2015沧州14中模拟)What happens when we _，do you believe?Adead Bdeath Cdie Ddying( )6.The _ tree decomposed and had to be uprooted.Adying Bdeath Cdead Ddies【考点剖析】这四个词均表示“死”，但词性和用法不同：(1)die强调“死”的动作，是非延续性动词，不能与一段时间连用。(2)dead强调“死”的状态，意为“死的，无生命的”，是形容词，作定语或表语。如：He has been dead for two years.He died two years ago.他死了两年了。(3)dying是die的现在分词，也可用作形容词，表示“垂死的，要死的”，常用作定语或表语。(4)death是die的名词形式。【考点拓展】die of，die from的用法区别：(1)die of意为“因而死”，一般用于疾病、情感、饥寒、年老等原因而死亡，后接disease，fever，hunger，cold，poison等名词。如：His mother died of cancer last year.去年他的母亲死于癌症。(2)die from也意为“因而死”，常用于表示因外伤、衰弱、不注意而死亡，后接名词作宾语。如：His grandfather died from drinking too much.他的祖父喝酒太多而死了。 population 的用法【考点抢测】( )1._ is the population of India?Lower than China.AWhich BWhatCHow many DHow much( )2.(2016中考预测)The worlds population is growing _ and there is _ land and water for growing rice.Amore；less Blarger; fewerClarger; less Dmore; fewer【考点剖析】population 是一个集合名词，用法如下：(1)population常与定冠词the连用，作主语用时，谓语动词用单数形式。(2)当主语表示“人口的百分之几、几分之几”时，谓语动词用复数形式。(3)表示某一范围内有多少人口时，用has a population of数词。(4)问某地有多少人口时，用What/How large is/was the population of地名？如：Whats the population of China？而不能说How many population?(5)表示人口的多少时，用large或small修饰，而不能用many，more或few等修饰。 辨析point to，point at和point out【考点抢测】( )“These trees were planted by us.”he pointed _ the hill faraway and said.Aat BtoCby Din【考点剖析】point to表示指向距离较远的事物，to是介词，着重于指的方向，point at表示指向距离较近的事物，at是介词，着重于指的对象。另外，point at还有“瞄准”之意。point out表示指出要点及错误等，意为“指出”，其中out是副词。 large，big与great“大”不相同【考点抢测】( )1.The population in China is very _Abig BgreatClarge Dsmall2里海是世界上最大的湖。The Caspian Sea is the _ _ in the world.【考点剖析】large，big和great都可译为“大的”，但它们之间存在着一定的差别。(1)big意为“大的；巨大的”，常指程度、范围、规模、容积、重量、数量等大，多用于具体的、有形的人或物。(2)large和big有时可以互换，但large比较正式，large表示的“大”远远超出普通标准，可指数量、容积、体积或面积，其反义词是small。(3)great意为“大的；伟大的；重要的”，常指面积、数量、程度等。如：China is great(历史悠久) pick up的用法【考点抢测】( )1.Thats your pen.Lets _ for you.Apick it up Bpick up itCpick them up Dpick up them( )2.(2016中考预测)Do you _ your son after school?No.He comes back home on the school bus.Apick up Blook afterCdrop in Dsend for【考点剖析】(1)拾起；捡起。如：I picked up a coin on the road.我在路上捡起一枚硬币。(2)pick up搭载某人；驾车去接(某人)。如：Shall I pick you up at the station？要我开车去车站接你吗？(3)pick up(健康、空气、事态)恢复；使恢复；变好。如：I believe things will pick up soon.我相信事情很快就会好转。(4)pick up(偶然地)发现；得到(知识、利益等)。如：He picked up the book in a most unlikely place.他在一个令人意想不到的地方得到了那本书。【考点拓展】pick up中up为副词，代词作宾语时需置于pick与up的中间。 increase的用法【考点抢测】More and more people are worried about the serious air pollution because the number of family cars _(increase) all the time.【考点剖析】increase v增加；增长(1)increase by意为“增加了”，指增加的幅度，后常接倍数或百分数。如：The number of the girl students in this village school increased by 30% last year.去年这所乡村学校女生的人数增长了30%。(2)increase to意为“增加到”，指增长后的总数量，后常接具体的增长后的数字。如：The highest temperature in some cities has increased to over 40 degrees these days.这些天有些城市的最高温度已经升到了40多度。 分数表达法【考点抢测】( )1.(2016中考预测)It is said that _ of the water all over the world _ polluted.Atwo three；is Btwo thirds；isCtwo thirds；are Dtwo thirds；has( )2.(2016中考预测)About _ of the students like keeping diaries in English in our class.Atwo fifth Btwo fifthsCsecond five Dtwo five【考点剖析】英语中分数由基数词和序数词构成，分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于1时，分母的序数词用复数形式。如：one fifth五分之一；two thirds 三分之二【注意】二分之一不能说a/one second，而要说a/one half；四分之一和四分之三常用a quarter和three quarters表示。【考点拓展】当“分数of名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面的名词，即与名词保持一致。如：Two thirds of the students in our class are girls.我们班三分之二的学生是女生。Three quarters of the information is true.四分之三的信息是真实的。河北中考考点精练.单项选择。( )1.Scientists _ the plants by genus.Adivided BseparatedCsectioned Dsplit( )2.(2015石家庄40中模拟)He says that my new car is a _ of money.Dont you think those words are just sour grapes?Alack Bload Cquestion Dwaste( )3.(2015保定8中模拟)_ is the population of Canada?Its about 29 million.AHow much BHow bigCWhat DHow many( )4.A year has four seasons and it is _ twelve different star signs.Aseparated from Bseparated intoCdivided from Ddivided into( )5.(2015唐山9中模拟)An article in the newspaper _ my attention.Adrew Bpay Cget Dhave( )6.We must _ a room for our guest.Aprepare BgiveCclean Dsweep.(2016中考预测)完形填空。When I was 13 years old，a boy gave me an important gift.It was a _1_It was the early autumn of my first year at a junior high school and my old school was far away. _2_，no one knew who I was.I was very lonely and afraid to make friends with _3_Every time I heard the other students talking and laughing.I _4_ my heart break.I couldnt talk to anyone about my problem，and I didnt want my parents to _5_ me.Then one day，my classmates talked happily with their friends，but I sat my desk _6_ as usual.At that moment，a boy entered the classroom.I didnt know who he was.He passed me and then turned back.He _7_ me and without a word，smiled.Suddenly I felt the touch of something bright and friendly.It _8_ me feel happy，lively and warm.That smile changed my life.I started to talk with the other students and made friends.Day by day，I became closer to everyone in my class.The boy with the lucky smile _9_ my best friend now.I believe that the world is what you think it is.If you think you are lonely，you might always be alone.So smile at the world and it will _10_( )1.A.smile Bmagazine Cbox Dcamera( )2.A.As usual BAs a result CThe same as DSuch as( )3.A.someone Beveryone Canyone Dnobody( )4.A.tasted Bsmelled Cfeared Dfelt( )5.A.hear about Btalk about Ccare for Dworry about( )6.A.slowly Bpolitely Cunhappily Dnaturally( )7.A.listened to Blooked at Ctook pride in Drushed at ( )8.A.made Bled Coffered Dthrew( )9.A.has become Bbecame Cbecome Dis becoming( )10.A.look back Bcome back Cturn back Dsmile back.(2016中考预测)阅读理解。Since May 1st，Beijing started to allow blind people to take guide dogs onto the subway.How much do you know about guide dogs？How does the guide dog help blind people?Sometimes，they play with you like common pet dogs.But as soon as they wear their special coat，its time to start work.They are guide dogs and they help to guide blind people.Those dogs that are smart and have a good temper can be guide dogs.To help blind people，dogs need to learn many skills and pass tests.At the age of about 1 year old，dogs are trained at schools.There，they learn skills such as finding and following a clear road，moving around obstacles(障碍物)They also need to learn an important lesson known as “intelligent disobedience(智能抗命)”For example，blind people ask the dog to go forward when crossing a road.But if the dog knows that a car is coming，it will not move until it is safe.At about 10 or 12 years old，guide dogs retireSome of them stay at their owners home and become their pets.Others may go back to training schools and live there.( )1.Those who are _ can take guide dogs on the subways.Aold Bblind Cyoung Dlazy( )2.The guide dog has to get some training EXCEPT _ before it starts to work.Afinding a clear road Bmoving obstaclesCintelligent disobedience Dtreating the owner( )3.What does the underlined word “retire” mean in Chinese? A死亡 B退休 C生病 D发疯.(2016中考预测)任务型阅读。Men have always wondered about the earth they live on and about the _ above them.When early men looked at the night sky，they asked themselves a lot of questions.They looked at the moon，and wondered what this strange bright object in the sky was.They did not understand why it changed its shape from night to night.They looked at the stars and planets.They also wondered why some of them changed their positions，while others did not.Most early people also thought about the shape of the earth.They believed the earth was flat.In_different_parts_of_the_world，there_were_different_ideas_about_the_universe.The ancient Greeks were the first people to study the universe more scientifically.In the sixth century BC Pythagoras put forward the idea that the world was round.However，he could not explain why people at the bottom of the world did not fall off.It was not until the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries that scientists found the answers to some important questions.With_the_help_of_Galileos_telescope，people_could_see_the_sky_more_clearly，and_find_the_positions_of_the_stars_and_planets. Finally in 1665，Isaac Newton explained to the world what gravity(重力) was and people at last understood why they did not fall off the earth.1题判断正误(“T”表示正确，“F”表示错误)；2题在文中的横线上，填写一个恰当的单词；3题简略回答问题；4题将文中处画线句子译成汉语；5题写出文中句的同义句。( )1.Most early people thought about the shape of the earth as well.2_3What questions did early men ask themselves when they looked at the night sky？Write down one of them._4_5Galileos telescope made _ for people to see the sky more clearly，and to find the positions of the stars and planets.(2016中考预测)词语运用。The world is not hungry，but it is thirsty.It seems strange that nearly 3/4 of the earth is (1)_(cover) with water (2)w_ we say we are short of water.Why？Because about 97% of water on the earth is sea water which we cant drink or use for watering plants.Man can only drink and use 3% water on the earth.The water that comes from rivers and lakes.And we cant even use all of that because it has be