2011-10-18马鞍山专题讲座(赵杰).ppt

中国环境下英语课堂教与学的理论与实践 杜效明赵杰2011年10月 浓雾中的灯塔 第二次世界大战期间 一艘美国巡洋舰在浓雾中的英吉利海峡前进 忽然 值班员发现迎面有一个闪烁的灯光 好象一艘帆船的信号灯 值班员马上报告了舰长 舰长随即用无线电向对方喊话 对方船只 请马上右转舵15度 对方也用无线电进行喊话 对方船舶 请马上右转舵15度 舰长听到对方的回应后 接着喊话 我是舰长詹斯上校 对方小船 马上右转舵15度 对方也做出了回应 我是二等兵汤姆 对方军舰 请马上右转舵15度 舰长听到对方的二等兵竟然命令自己避让 生气极了 冲着无线话筒大喊 我这里是巡洋舰 马上就要撞沉你了 请立即右转舵15度 无线电中传来对方平静的声音 我这里是灯塔 你马上就要撞到我了 请立即右转舵15度 这一次 巡洋舰的上校舰长乖乖地听了二等兵的话 观念变了行为就会跟着变化 课堂教学正在发生积极而深刻的变化 调查发现 教师累 学生苦喜爱度 95 60 25 5 目前中小学教师的无效劳动大约占50 教学过程中教师的教与学生的学脱钩 85 的课堂教学时间用于以书本知识为主的智育教育 面临的挑战 关注纸笔测试 忽略学生兴趣关注浅层参与 忽略思维发展关注读写能力 忽略听说能力关注功利激励 忽略内在动机培养关注教学活动形式 忽略教育的本质意义关注教学 忽略研究关注教材 忽略学生 原因一 当前英语教学中存在的现象 本土化不够理论体系主要以二语教学理论或外语 以拉丁语为母语的国家 教学理论为指导编排体系以话题功能为主线语言能力的获得需依赖充足的环境和大量的习得条件 原因二 教材的适应性问题 原因三 中国环境下的英语学习 在中国大多数学生离开课堂之后并没有多少听说英语的机会 他们缺少英语环境的反复刺激 只有给他们提供支撑 支持 支架 使其具有一定的自主学习的能力 再创设良好的外语学习环境 学生们才能逐步形成初步运用语言的能力 Ifwefailtoprepare wepreparetofail 好课的标准 享受不难受辛苦不痛苦表现不表演 课堂教学底线 Tellme andIforget Showme andIremember Involveme andIunderstand QUOTE UNQUOTEFlatterme andImaynotbelieveyou Criticizeme andImaynotlikeyou Ignoreme andImaynotforgiveyou Encourageme andIwillnotforgetyou 教学方式Vs学习方式 Teaching Learning 有效教学的特征和标准 应引导学生积极 主动地参与学习 应使教师与学生 学生与学生之间保持有效互动的过程 应为学生的主动建构提供学习材料 时间以及空间上的保障 应使学习者形成对知识真正的理解 必须关注学习者对自己以及他人学习的反思 应使学生获得对该学科学习的积极体验与情感 有效学习的特征和标准 学生明确学习的目标学生发挥积极性 主动性学生进行个性化学习学生能对学习过程进行监控和调整学生遇到困难时能得到帮助学习内容具有适当的难度学生在学习过程中得到启发与激励 Peoplelearnbestwhen personallymeaningfulengaged activepurposeisclear ofwhatwehearofwhatweseeofwhatwebothseeandhearofwhatwediscusswithothersofwhatweexperiencedirectlyorpractise 10 15 20 40 60 10 15 20 40 60 Whatwelearn doweremember Learnbydoing hear ExperiencedirectlyLearnbydoingRelatetopersonallivesBeinginvolved see ClassIndividual Englishneedstobetaughtthrough CommunicativeTeachingMethods Feedback 2way 人本主义教育理论建构主义学习理论多元智能理论 新课程的三大理论 人本主义教育理论 小学生 表扬初中生 老师高中生 尊严 建构主义学习理论 这个故事说明了人们通常基于自己已有的知识建构新知 建构主义学习理论你看见了什么 LIFT 多元智能理论 1 VisuallearnersThesestudentslearnbestbyseeing Theymaythinkinpicturesandlearnbestfromvisualdisplaysincluding diagrams illustratedtextbooks overheadtransparencies videos flipchartsandhand outs 2 AuditorylearnersTheylearnbestthroughverballectures discussions talkingthingsthroughandlisteningtowhatothershavetosay Writteninformationmayhavelittlemeaninguntilitisheard Theselearnersoftenbenefitfromreadingtextaloudandusingataperecorder 3 KinestheticLearnersTheylearnthroughmoving doingandtouching Theymayfindithardtositstillforlongperiodsandmaybecomedistractedbytheirneedforactivityandexploration Whichisyourdominantlearningstyle Hereisanewword Spellit Sayit Playagame 新课程倡导的三种学习方式 自主学习 learners autonomy 合作学习 Cooperativelearning 探究学习 Inquirylearning 英语课堂教学 课堂教学设计 教学目标的设定 教学目标是教学活动的出发点 依据和归宿 是教师进行教学活动的指南 是学生学习的具体指标 是检测与评估的标准 是评价教学效果的依据 教学目标的确定要符合课标和教学内容的要求 符合学生的实际情况 教学目标的描述要清晰 具体 具有可操作性 教学目标的达成依赖于每个教学环节目标的实现 如何设计教学目标 基础教育阶段英语课程的总体目标 培养学生的综合语言运用能力 课程标准 采用能力分级的方式 从技能 知识 情感 策略和文化等五个方面 以 能够用英语做什么 为评价标准 将英语课程目标分为九个级别的语言能力表现 Teachingobjectives VerbsinobjectivesOurteachingobjectivesneedsomeverbstotelluswhatourstudentswillbeabletodoafterteaching Theseverbsshouldbeactionverbsthroughwhichwecananticipatetheiractions Teachingobjectives MentalverbsToogeneraltobequalifiedasaspecificlessonobjective grasp understand develop enjoy improve remember review train getthegeneralidea practice master etc Teachingobjectives AudienceBehaviorConditionDegree 案例一 Teachingaims 1 Aimsontheknowledge 1 Toenablethechildrentograsptheusageofthesingleandpluralformsofthestationeries 2 Toenablethechildrentounderstandandspeak Myschoolbagisheavy What sinit Thankyousomuch Makesurethatthechildrencanusethesesentencesinrealsituations 2 Aimsontheabilities 1 Todevelopthechildren sabilitiesoflisteningandspeaking 2 Totrainthechildren sabilityofworkingingroups 3 Tofosterthechildren sabilityofcommunicationandtheirinnovation 3 Aimsontheemotion 1 Tokeepthechildrenconsciousofgoodco operationandpropercompetition 2 Toleadthechildrentoshowtheirlovetothepoor 从教师的角度出发 使学生 发展学生的 训练学生的 培养学生的 目标主体均为教师 目标描述过于模糊和宽泛 一节课或者一个单元中出现的新单词和新的表达法往往不止一项 教师要列出要求学生掌握的具体词汇 否则学生会因目标词汇过多而产生畏惧心理 目标过于宽泛 没有明确提出培养或提高何种阅读技能和听的能力 这类目标没有可操作性 不可测 案例二 Original EnablestudentstotalkaboutfestivalsandcustomsinEnglishandexpressorsupportanopinionwithsuitableexpressions Revised Afterthefunctionalpractice C thestudents A willbeabletosay B fluently D thenamesofsomeimportantfestivalsinEnglish andsaywhatpeopleoftendoontheseholidays Questionstocheck What stheEnglishfor圣诞节 WhatdopeopledoonChristmas 案例三 Originalversion Helpstudentslearntoreadsciencewritingandknowaboutscientistsandtheirwork Revisedversion Throughreadingandexplanation C students A willbeabletosummarizethemaincontentsofthepassage B orally inwriting C frommemory D Waystocheck Askstudentssumupthecontents oraskthemtowriteoutthecontents II TeachingObjectivesBytheendoftheclass studentswillbeabletoarguereasonablyaboutwhethertheyshouldwatchTVduringlunchbreakatschoolandsolvetheproblemthroughcompromising 1 Languagefocus studentswillbeabletouseproperstructuresinthesituationofarguingandcompromising especiallythefollowingonesfromthevideoclip It s for to Ineedto is are than could 2 Languageskills Listening Studentswillbeabletopredictbeforelistening togetthemainideaanddetailedinformationofthevideoclip Speaking StudentswillbeabletoargueandcompromiseinadisagreementaboutwatchingTV 3 Attitude thinkingandcommunicatingstrategydevelopment Studentswillbeabletoarguereasonablyinadisagreementandsolvethedisagreementthroughcompromising 案例四 教学流程 在教学目标确立后 就要考虑各个教学环节的设计 一节课的教学设计没有固定的程序 也没有一个必须遵守的顺序 但总的来说 要考虑语言学习的规律 先考虑语言输入 让学生接触一些语言材料 语言现象 要体验 感受 理解这些语言现象 然后才是输出 即学生操练 实践和运用这些语言现象 教学活动 课堂各个教学活动之间的关系 前面的活动为后面的活动做铺垫 后面的活动对前面的活动是巩固或提高 活动从易到难 从简单到复杂 活动的目的与要求活动要有合适的材料 活动的形式要与活动内容相匹配 活动要有充分的时间 活动的参与者的角色要明确 活动指令要清楚 要明确活动结果的呈现方式 1 Warmingup 激活大脑和行为 激活已学知识 复习 设计目的 2 Input 突出语言重点 设置具体情景 优化呈现方式 设计原则 3 Intake 互动形式多样 活动形式多样 学生自主合作 高效行为互动 学生积极参与 设计原则 4 Output 突出内容真实 巩固与拓展 强调经历过程 设计原则 突出语言应用 课例 初中优质课 阅读课教学 Readingisthecore 核心 oflanguageinstruction NeilAnderson AmericanELTresearcher READING 阅读主要教学活动举例 PRE READING UsingPictures Whoarethesepeople Wherearethey Whatdoyouneedtoplaythisgame Whatdoyouthinkthisstoryisabout PRE READING AddingtheTitle NOWWhatdoyouthinkthisstoryisabout PRE READING PRE READING WhatCanStudentsGuess TopicofthearticleWriter sopinionWordsthetextwilluseHowthetextwillmakeyoufeelWhatyouthinkyouwilllearnfromthetext OtherActivitiesforGuessing Onesentencewithquestions PRE READING Whatisthisfrom whatkindofarticle Whatelsewillyoureadaboutinthisarticle Writeaquestionyouthinkwillbeanswered ExtraPre readingActivity MindMaps PRE READING or GraphicOrganizers or WordLists DescribingPeople Height tall short Hair Personality Body long short straight curly thin light wild calm funny serious fat heavy WordWebs WHILE READING While ReadingSkill SkimmingandScanning WHILE READING Howto Skim WHILE READING Readjustafewpartsofthetext forexample 1stsentenceofeachparagraph TrytogetMAINIDEAfirstLeadinwithQuestionSetaTime Limit Howto Scan WHILE READING ReadquicklywithoutstoppingDon tworryaboutunderstandingtextLookforSPECIFICDETAILS dates times numbers questiontobeanswered Setatimelimit 1 2 3 WHILE READING SharedReading WHILE READING TeachingTip DifficultVocabulary 1 Skipsomevocabulary2 Guessaword smeaning Twowaystodealwithvocabulary 1 Skipsomevocabulary Dealingwithdifficultvocabulary UnnecessarytounderstandeverywordBettertoreaduninterruptedthentranslateCircleawordandcomebacktoit WHILE READING Dealingwithdifficultvocabulary WHILE READING Whatarethesewords 2 Guessaword smeaning Snickle Dorken Pridly Toopermound Dealingwithdifficultvocabulary WHILE READING Whatkindofword Noun Adjective Verb orAdverb snickle dorken toopermounds pridly Lookatwordsbeforeandafter Positiveornegativemeaning Anyclue WHILE READING Snickle Today manyChinesepeoplewanttosnickletheirEnglishindifferentways Snickle isa A Noun B Verb C Adjective WHILE READING Snickle Snickle Goodorbad Whichwordgivesusaclue A Today B Chinese C wantto Today manyChinesepeoplewanttosnickletheirEnglishindifferentways D Noclues Justiniscrazy POST READING Post ReadingSkill AssociationsandSummarizing POST READING MakingAssociations PersonalizereadingsConnectreadingstoownknowledgeMorememorableandunderstandable POST READING TheGoalofAssociations POST READING ClassSurveys POST READING MaketheWord YourOwn SummarizingaReading POST READING Howto Summarize IdentifymainideasandimportantdetailsNotnecessarytoremembereverything SummarizingaReading POST READING GeneralQuestionsforANYReading Whatisthereadingabout Whoisthereadingabout Whathappens When Where Whydidtheauthorwritethis Jigsaw Reading AReadingPuzzle POST READING 阅读课教学 初中高中 AttractingchildrentomuseumsWhenyouwereyoungdidyourparentsevertakeyoutoamuseum Doyourememberwhatitwaslikeorifitwasanexcitingexperienceforyou Veryoftenparentsdothingslikegotomuseumsandartgallerieswiththeiryoungchildrenbecausetheythinkitissomethingtheymustdo Butjustasoftenthechildrengetboredquicklyanddon thaveagoodtimeatall Museumsunderstandthatitisimportanttoattractchildrenandgettheminterestedingoingfrequentlytomuseums Theywantthemtostartgoingaschildrenandcontinuetogoasadults Thatwaythemuseumshavesupportersforlife Ifyouwerethedirectorofamuseum whatwouldyoudotoattractmorechildren Thefirstthingtorememberisthatchildrenareactiveandlearnbetterbydoing notjustbypassivelylooking Theyalsolearnbyplayinganddiscovering Sosomemuseumsarebuildingseparatesectionsjustforchildrenwheretheycanlearnbydoing ThebiggestmuseuminCanadahasalargeareacalledtheChildren sDiscoveryCertre Therechildrencantouchandfeelandsmellandplay Theycanbuildthings andpaint andsolvepuzzles andputonoldcostumes andplaymusicalinstruments Everythingisarrangedtoattracttheinterestofchildrenandtokeepthemthereforaslongaspossible Inthecentre tablesandchairsaresmall justtherightsizeforchildren Therearenoseriousmuseumguards insteadthereareyoung happyuniversitystudentswhoguidethechildrenintheiractivities Therearenorulesaboutnottouching insteadchildrenareinvitedtotoucheverythingondisplay Parents too arewelcometogointotheChildren sDiscoveryCentre Infact themuseumwantstheparentstosupervisetheirchildren Itisalwaysinterestingtoseeafathersittingonthefloorwithhischildputtingpiecesofapuzzletogether Oramothersittingonatinychairatalittletabledrawingapicturewithherdaughter Itquicklybecomesobviousthattheadultsarehavingjustasmuchfunastheirchildren Andthatisexactlywhatthemuseumwantstohappenbecausetheyknowthatboththeparentsandthechildrenwillwanttocomebackiftheyhavefunontheirfirstvisit Oneotherwaythemuseumtriestoattractchildrenisthroughaschoolgroupvisitprogram Childrenfromelementaryschoolsandhighschoolscomewiththeirteachersinbusestovisitthemuseumandreceiveaspecialtourofdisplaysinthemuseumthattheyknowwillinterestthechildren Forexample theylovetoseethenatureexhibitsandthedinosaursandthesnakes Andeverygroupgetstodosomesortofactivityratherthanjustwalkingthroughthemuseumlookingatdisplays Afinalwaythatthemuseumhasofmakingavisitagreatexperienceforchildrenistoservethekindoffoodtheylike SothismuseumserveshamburgersandFrenchfriesandicecreamfordessert It sjustanotherwayofmakingsurethateverythingaboutachild svisitappealstothem Ifeverythingworksright thechildwillleavewithwonderfulmemoriesandwillwanttoreturnagainandagain Museums TheMilitaryMuseum ThePalaceMuseum AnHuiMuseum TheMuseumofScienceandTechnology Inyouropinion whatmaythisarticletalkabout AttractingChildrentoMuseums AttractingchildrentomuseumsWhenyouwereyoungdidyourparentsevertakeyoutoamuseum Doyourememberwhatitwaslikeorifitwasanexcitingexperienceforyou Thefirstthingtorememberisthatchildrenareactiveandlearnbetterbydoing notjustbypassivelylooking Theyalsolearnbyplayinganddiscovering Everythingisarrangedtoattracttheinterestofchildrenandtokeepthemthereforaslongaspossible Tablesandchairsaresmall justtherightsizeforchildren Therearenoseriousmuseumguards insteadthereareyoung happyuniversitystudentswhoguidethechildrenintheiractivities Parents too arewelcometogointotheChildren sDiscoveryCentre Andthatisexactlywhatthemuseumwantstohappenbecausetheyknowthatboththeparentsandthechildrenwillwanttocomebackiftheyhavefunontheirfirstvisit Oneotherwaythemuseumtriestoattractchildrenisthroughaschoolgroupvisitprogram Afinalwaythatthemuseumhasofmakingavisitagreatexperienceforchildrenistoservethekindoffoodtheylike Ifeverythingworksright thechildwillleavewithwonderfulmemoriesandwillwanttoreturnagainandagain Waystoattractchildrentomuseums BuildingChildren sDiscoveryCentre OrganizingSchoolGroupVisits ServingFood Details Therightorderofthedetails Readingfordetails WhatcanchildrendointheDiscoveryCentre 2 WhydomuseumswelcomeparentstogointotheDiscoveryCentre too 3 Whatdostudentslovetoseeinaschoolgroupvisitprogram 7 Structureofthearticle 1 2 3 4 5 6 Problem Way1 Way2 Way3 Whydomuseumswanttoattractchildren Museumsareanimportantmeansofculturalexchange enrichmentofculturesanddevelopmentofmutualunderstanding cooperationandpeaceamongpeoples CanadianMuseumofCivilization Search HOME EXHIBITIONS ACTIVITIES SERVICES OPENINGHOURS TICKETS Home Knowledgeaboutmuseums MAY 18 HOME EXHIBITIONS ACTIVITIES SERVICES OPENINGHOURS TICKETS Home Contactus Ifyouhavemore betterwaystohelpusattractchildren students pleasesendthemtous Send Reset TELLUSYOURSUGGESTIONS HOME EXHIBITIONS ACTIVITIES SERVICES OPENINGHOURS TICKETS Home Contactus Ifyouhavemore bett