四级翻译模拟题.docxVIP

请将下面这段中文翻译成英文：中国五年前根本没有高速铁路。但是现在高铁列车(high-speed trains)的票经常很快就售罄，尽管发车间隔比较短。人们能够很方便地以两倍于美国火车最髙速的速度在全国周游。高速铁路系统的运菅非常成功，它运载的乘客是全国民航 (civil aviation)系统运载的乘客的两倍。中国有世界上最先进的、低排放的快速运输系统之一，而做到这一点仅仅用了五年。参考译文：China didnt have a high-speed rail five years ago.But now the tickets of high-speed trains are usually sold out very quickly, even though the departure interval is quite short.And people can conveniently travel around the nation at a speed that doubles the speed of the fastest American train.The operation of high-speed rail system is very successful; it carries twice as many passengers as the nations civil aviation system.China has one of the most advanced rapid transit systems with low emissions in the world, and it only takes five years to achieve this.词句点拨1.但是现在高铁列车的票经常很快就售罄，尽管发车间隔比较短:“售罄”可译 为sell out，意为“卖完了，卖光了”;“发车间隔”译为departure interval。2.人们能够很方便地以两倍于美国火车最高速的速度在全国周游:“以.的速度”可译为at a speed.，speed意为“速度”;“两倍于”即“是.的两倍”，可译为double,也可译为twice。3.高速铁路系统的运营非常成功，它运栽的乘客是全国民航系统运载的乘客的两倍:“运栽”可用carry来表示。“倍数+as+many/much/large等形容词+(比较的内容)+as”为英语中表达倍数时常用的结构，中间的形容词根据比较的内容来定，如比较大小则用as large as,表示“是.的两倍大”则为twice as large as。 请将下面这段中文翻译成英文：颐和园(the Summer Palace)位于北京市西北部的海淀区，距北京市中心15公里。它是中国最大、保存最完好的皇家园林。颐和园有著名的自然风景和人文景观(cultural landscape),因此它也一直被公认为是“皇家园林博物馆”。顾和园始建于1750年，作为一座豪华的皇家花园供皇室成员休息和娱乐。清朝末期，颐和园成为了皇家成员的主要居住地。它位列世界遗产(the World Heritage Sites)目录，也是中国第一批国家5A级旅游景区之一。参考译文：The Summer Palace is situated in the Haidian District,northwest of Beijing City,15 kilometers from central Beijing.It is the largest and most well-preserved royal park in China.It also has long been recognized as “the Museum of Royal Gardens”with famous natural view and cultural landscape.The construction started in 1750 as a luxurious royal garden for royal families to rest and entertain.It became the main residence of royal members in the end of the Qing Dynasty.It not only ranks amongst the World Heritage Sites but also is one of the first national AAAAA tourist spots in China.词句点拨1.它也一直被公认为是“皇家园林博物馆”:该句的主语是it，谓语是be recognized。其中recognize意为“确认，承认”，be recognized as意为被公认为。2.颐和园始建于1750年，作为一座豪华的皇家花园供皇室成员休息和娱乐:该句看似复杂，其实也可以翻译为一个简单句。其中the Summer Palace作主语，但为了避免和上面重复，可以用the construction代替。谓语是start，意为“开始”，其他部分可作为状语来翻译。3.它位列世界遗产目录，也是中国第一批国家5A级旅游景区之一:该句可以译为固定搭配not only.but also连接的两个并列句。其中“位列世界遗产目录”可译为ranked amongst the World Heritage Sites,amongst可等同于among。 假日经济的现象表明：中国消费者的消费观正在发生巨大变化。根据统计数据，中国消费者的消费需求正在从基本生活必需品转向对休闲、舒适和个人发展的需求。同时，中国人的消费观在蓬勃发展的假日经济中正变得成熟。因此产品结构应作相应调整，来适应社会的发展。另一方面，服务质量要改善，以满足人们提高生活质量的要求。The phenomenon of holiday economy shows that Chinese peoples consumption concept is undertaking great changes. According to statistics, the demands for Chinese consumers are shifting from the basic necessities of life to leisure, comfort and personal development. (Chinese consumers demand for basic necessities of life has given way to leisure, comfort and personal development.) Therefore, the structure of products should be adjusted accordingly to adapt to social development. On the other hand, services should be improved to satisfy peoples demand for an improved quality of life. 笔墨纸砚是中国古代文人书房当中必备的宝贝，被称为“文房四宝”。用笔墨书写绘画在中国可追溯到五千年前。秦时已用不同硬度的毛和竹管制笔;汉代以人工制墨替代了天然墨;有了纸张以后，简牍锦帛逐失其用;砚台则随笔墨的使用而发展。 “文房四宝”到宋朝以后特指湖笔、徽墨、宣纸、端砚。可以说文房四宝书写了整个中华文明。 The writing brush, ink stick, ink stone, and paper were requisite treasures in the study of the scholars of ancient China, and they are often referred to as the “Four Treasures of the Study.” The writing brush and ink stick have been used by the Chinese to write and paint since 5,000 years ago. In the Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC), people already used feathers of different hardness and bamboo trunks to make brushes. During the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD), man-made ink was used instead of natural ink. After paper was invented by the Chinese, bamboo slips, wooden tablets, brocade and silk, which originally functioned as writing surfaces, gradually faded out. The ink stone was first developed with the use of writing brushes and ink. After the Song Dynasty (960AD-1279AD), the “Four Treasure of the Study” particularly referred to hubi, the writing brush produced in Huzhou, Zhejiang province; huimo, the ink stick produced in Huizhou, Anhui province; xuan paper, a kind of paper produced in Xuanzhou, Anhui province; and duanyan, the ink stone made in Zhaoqing, Guangdong province (Zhaoqing was earlier called Duanzhou). Indeed, the Four Treasures of the Study” have writtin the whole Chinese civilization, as it is. 中国拥有全球第二大贫困人口量，仅次于印度。尽管中国的整体生活水平正在提高，但是农村地区和大城市，东部沿海地区和内陆地区(inland area)的差距仍然非常大。中国是发展最不均衡的亚洲国家之一。虽然大多数中国人觉得他们比自己的父母有更高的生活水平，但越来越多的人对不平等、腐败和消费者权益保护的问题表示担忧。对于这些问题，中国正在坚持不懈地努力解决，以减小贫富差距。【参考译文】China has the second largest number of poor people in the world, only after India.Although the overall living standard in China is rising, the gaps between rural areas and metropolises, and the coastal area in East China and inland area remain strikingly obvious.China is one of the most unevenly developing countries in Asia.Although the majority of Chinese feel that they have a higher living standard than their parents,there are rising concerns over inequality,corruption,and consumer rights protection.China is relentlessly working hard to fix these problems,so as to reduce the gap between the rich and the poor.1.生活水平:可翻译为living standard。2.东部沿海地区:可翻译为the coastal area in EastChina。3.内陆地区:可翻译为inland area。4.越来越多的人对不平等、腐败和消费者权益保护的问题表示担忧:“不平等” 可用inequality表达;“腐败”可翻译为corruption; “消费者权益保护”可翻译为consumerrights protection。 中国的铁路建设始于清朝(the Qing Dynasty)末年。自新中国成立后，中国的铁路得到了飞速发展。目前中国拥有仅次于美国和俄罗斯的全球第三大铁路网。在中国，铁路是国家重要的基翅设施(infrastructure)、大众化的交通工具。每逢寒暑假、节假日，总会出现“一票难求”的现象。据报道，中国将优先发展西部地区，特别是贫困地区的铁路，引导当地人民走向致富之路。1.第2句“中国的铁路得到了飞速发展”如果直译为 Chineserailway has developed rapidly则显平淡，此处可用see表示“(时代等)以为特点，历经”的意义，将其译为Chinese railway seen rapid development，这样译文更生动地道。2.第3句中的定语“仅次于美国和俄罗斯的”较长，故将其处理成后置定语，表达为only second to the United Statesand Russia.3.第5句“总会出现一票难求的现象”是汉语中的无主语句，其常见的处理方式有：增添主语;译为被动语态;译成there be结抅;使用形式主语it。结合该句，可使用形式主语it，译成it is difficult to get a trainticket;或并充出主语译为Chinese travelers find it difficult to.,“一票难求”可用 find it difficult to dosth.句型来表达。4.最后一句中的“优先发展”和“引导当地人民走向致富之路”在原文中是并列结构，但实际上后者表目的，故将其译作目的状语to lead to wealth for local people,“引导走向致富之路”用短语lead to wealth 比直译为lead people to the path of wealth 更简洁地道。【参考译文】Railway construction in China began in the late QingDynasty. Chinese railway has seen rapiddevelopment since the founding of New China.Currently, China has the worlds third largest railwaynetwork only second to the United State andRussia. Railway is an important infrastructure of thecountry and a popular traffic tool. During thesummer and winter vacations, and national holidays, Chinese travellers always find it difficult toget a train ticket. It is reported that China will prioritize railway development in western regions,particular the areas, to lead to wealth for local people. 在中国，商对客(business-to-consumer)网上购物平台的数量在日益增加，销售产品的可选种类也日益丰富。与此同时，在中国网络零售市场，网络团购已经迅速成为一个亮点。网购培养了一批网上购物者，加速了中国网络市场的发展。一般的购物网站都销售各种类型的产品，吸引着众多消费者来网站寻找不同类型的产品,促进一站式消费(one-stop consumption)。一些消费者喜欢时不时地浏览网站，跟进当前的流行趋势，就像逛百货商店一样。【参考译文】Business-to-consumer online shopping platforms are growing in number and selling an increasingly large variety of products in China. Meanwhile, online group purchase has quickly become a bright spot in Chinas online retail market, which nurtures a group of online shoppers and speeds up the development of online market in China. Ordinary shopping websites carry all kinds of products, attracting many consumers to look for different types of products and facilitating one-stop consumption. Some consumers like to browse through the websites now and then to keep track of the current trends, just like window-shopping at department stores.1.商对客网上购物平台:可翻译为business-to-consumeronline shopping platforms。2.亮点:可译为a bright spot。3.促进一站式消费:可翻译为facilitate one-stopconsumption。4.时不时地浏览网站:“时不时地”可翻译为now and then; “浏览”可用browse表达。5.跟进当前的流行趋势:可译为keep track of the current trends。6.逛百货商店:“逛”可译为window-shopping。 今天，随着技术水平的提高，汽车在中国已经成为人们能够负担得起的商品。然而，汽车对道路和有限空间的压力导致了交通拥堵(traffic jam)。交通拥堵路段有时甚至长达250公里。有多种方法可以创造更多的空间，以避免交通拥堵。政府目前用的一些方法包括使用天桥(flyover)、地下通道(underpass)和单向指挥交通。【参考译文】Today, in China, with the development of technology, cars can be affordable by people.However,the pressure on roads and limited space results in the traffic jams.These traffic jams can sometimes even go up to two hundred and fifty kilometers. There are various methods to create more space to avoid traffic jams.Some of the methods presently used by the government are using flyovers,underpasses and directing the traffic in a single direction.为了让人们更好地记住年份，我们的祖先用12只动物来代表年份。即“十二生肖”(Chinese Zodiac)。每一年由一种动物代表，每隔12年进行一个循环，从鼠开始，以猪为结尾。每一种动物还有其独特的文化内涵 (cultural connotation。例如，牛年出生的人据说“勤奋、冷静、可靠”，虎年出生的人则“强大、勇敢、但又急躁”。十二生肖在亚洲的其他国家，如韩国和日本也很流行。1.第1句中的“为了让人们更好地记住年份”，如果直译成inorder to make people remember the years moreeasily。表达不够地道，有中国式英语的感觉。“让人们”是汉语中约定俗成的表达，翻译时可“省译”，此处表达为toorder to remember即可。“即十二生肖”可紧跟上文，用which引导的非限制性定语从句来表达。2.第2句中的“每隔12年进行一个循环”可以用every 12 years comes in a circle表达，主语every 12 years为整体念的单数名词。“从鼠开始，以猪为结尾”用现在分词短语beginning with Rat and ending with Pig来表达，作“循环”的后置定语。3.第4句中的“牛年出生的”宜处理成后置定语，用分词短语bornin the Year of Ox来表达。“据说”译为 issaid to.。4.翻译最后一句时，先译出主干(The Chinese Zodiac remains popular)。地点状语“在亚洲的其他国家”用介词短语 in other Asian countries 来表达。【参考译文】In order to remember the years more easily, ourancestors used twelve animals to represent theyears, which is called the Chinese Zodiac. Everyyear is represented by an animal and every 12 yearscomes in a circle beginning with Rat and ending withPig. Each animal has its unique culturalconnotations. For example, a person born in theYear of Ox is said to be hard working, calm, and reliable, while the person born in the Year ofTiger is powerful, brave, and impatient. The Chinese Zodiac remains popular as well in otherAsian countries, such as Korea and Japan.每个国家的形象宣传片(promotional video)都希望能让世界更好地了解本国。中国国家形象宣传片在纽约的播放引起了世界关注。这则长达60秒的宣传片以中国红为主色调，通过文化和生活方式展现中国的“软实 力”(soft power)。