六级作文3(自主学习资料).doc

六级作文3一、Introduction Clear view for beginningBrief and to the Point Reiterates the viewpoint in the end Threads up the subject:重复词序数词关联词下大雨了，他发烧了。发烧了，不能上班了。他不能去上班了，扣工资了。 Because of the heavy rain, he developed high fever, and thus had to sleep at home. His absence resulted in reduction of his pay.句间衔接v 英语写作中的衔接关系：A. 表示附加： and, what is morenot onlybut alsoas well as _. Besides this, _. _. In addition, _. _. Apart from this, _. _. Furthermore, _. _. Moreover, _. _.To put it in another way, _.B. 表示顺序：FirstSecondThirdFirstlySecondlyThirdly To begin with, Following this, Next, Initially, After this, Then, On one hand, On the other hand, Last but not the least,C. 表示因果： because / as / for / since. Owning to_, _. Due to_, _. _. For this reason, _. _. Hence, _. _. Accordingly, _. _. Therefore, _. _. Thereby, _.D. 表示对比：but _.While, _. _. By contrast, _. _. Conversely, _. _. On the contrary,_. _. Whereas, _. _. Nevertheless,_. _. Nonetheless,_.E. 表示肯定：Of course / certainly Surely, _. Clearly, Naturally, _. Obviously, _. Plainly, _. Undoubtedly, _.F. 表示条件：If _, _. As long as _,_. As far as_,_. Depending on_,_. Provided that_,_.G. 表示定义：_is_. _ refers to _ _ means _.H. 表示举例：for example/ such as/ for instance In particular_. Namely _. As an illustration, _. Specifically, _. To demonstrate,_.I. 表示时间：When_.v As _, _.v While_,_.v Meanwhile_,_.v Whenever_,_.J. 表示承接： About/ On_.v With regard to_,_.v As for_,_.v Around_,_.K. 表示强调：especially,_. Mainly, _. Particularly, _. In particular, _.L. 表示总结（总而言之）： in short/ in conclusion/ in a word/ in summary， To conclude / to sum up， As far as Im concerned,M、表示概括（整体来讲）: as a rule for the most part in general in most cases on the whole speaking generallyv Unified contentDoctrine of the Meanv Water dropping day by day wear the hardest rock away.v Celebrity Quotes & Famous Sayings:Immanuel KantNietzscheWilliam ShakespeareGeorge Gordon ByronConfucius适用于道德类话题v 不得分文章1，不写/ 中文/ 完全与范文一样2，与题目完全无关3，政治态度过激v 从论文入手二、 Strategy for Essay Writingv wordHow many? 2000 positive words To avoid the following words:v wordv word good positive, favorable, rosy, promising，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding Think harbor the idea that, take the attitude that; hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that in my opinion As to me, from my own perspectivev grammarWarning: A _,_. B _! C _? D _. E should be do sth F 主谓一致use modal verb(can, could, must)v SentencesA：anticipatory itThat + 完整句 = N.E.g. Education is vital. That education is vital is obvious. It is obvious that education is vital.v SentencesExamples: It is announced / estimated /reported It goes without saying that It cannot be denied that It is vital / imperative / significant / of importance / essential that It is suggested / demanded / required / advised that + should do It is obvious / clear / evident / manifest / as clear as crystal that v Samplev it is a striking fact that every modern city boasts not only of its prosperity but also of its culture.v It is an inescapable fact that a small, but troublesome minority of school students behave badly, some only occasionally but others regularly.v Sentencesv Object clause some people think that v Some people insist / maintain / argue / deem / contend / conclude / advocate / emphasize v Some people point out / do strongly believe / be convinced / do not mistrust .v Sample对比引入v A large number of people insist that lack of practical knowledge, among other things, contributes to this situation.v In light of this, they contend that college teachers should lay more stress on practical courses than on traditional ones.v For my part, I am in favor of their viewpoint.v SentencesFamous saying:v I have a dream that one day all roads will be made plain.v We hold these truths to be self-evident that men are created equal.v Many people are fancied that money means everything.v Sentencesv Non-restrictive clauseA: whichv Many people think that frequent culture communications are beneficial, which can enhance the culture integration.v Business research should be advanced, which can pave the way for a nations economic development.v Sentencesv B： asv As is well-known,v As is known to all,v As is widely-accepted,v As is universally-known,v As is universally-accepted,v Sentencesv As has been said,v As has been mentioned,v As has been discussed,v As has been remarked,v As has been outlined,v As has been presented,Nonfinite verbsA : to dov To begin with / start with / illustratev To sum up / conclude / summarizev To be honest / be frank / tell the truthv SentencesB doingv According to / concerning sth. / judging by / respecting sth.v taking all factors into considerationv taking all things into accountv Speaking of / talking of.= when it comes tov Sentencesv Preposition ：amazing / eye-catching / earth-shaking / relaxing / entertaining / far-reaching/ decision-makingv Postposition ：Those who hold the latter view do strongly believe that doing so may be a waste of time.those holding .v Sentencesv Emphasizingv A : adv.especially, mainly, particularly, in particularv B: S + do/did/does We do believe that a friend walks in when the rest of the world walks out.v C : it is/was that/ who Michael is waiting for me in the woods.v Sentences InversionA: Here/ there / now / then / thusHere comes a dog.Then came a new difficulty.B: Prepositional phraseIn the fields stands a tree.Ahead sat an old man.v SentencesC: no /not /never /seldom /little /hardly /at no time /in no way /not until Never in history had technology made such spectacular advances. Little do we realize how essential this decision is. Hardly a day goes by without my thinking of her./ such a question.v SentencesD: only Only in this way, can we solve the problem. Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.v Ways to find reasonsv P: public &politicsv E: environment/ education/ experience/ economyv T: time & technologyv C: culture & characterv S: societyv SamplePart time jobs： living expense；the sense of independence；enrich working experience; be well prepared to the future development；put theory into practice. distract from study ；be a waste of time；lack of experienceStudy abroad： education conditions; communication skills and interpersonal skills; rich social and life experience cost a lot; sentimental ; lack of self-care abilityv Para. 2原因分析段v Schools are too academic in orientation and it would be more useful for children to learn about practical matters.v My first reason is that it is the duty of parents, not teachers, to practice their children to deal with the practical affairs of life.v The home, not the classroom, is the ideal place to learn about home management and interpersonal skills. As for work abilities and attitudes, they are the best learned “on the job” and under the supervision of an experienced older worker.v Schools are too academic in orientation and it would be more useful for children to learn about practical matters. My second reason is that academic subjects have withstood the test of the time. They represent the accumulate wisdom of our ancestors down through the ages, and, far from being impractical, they equip us with the knowledge and confidence to make sound judgments about any problems which may crop up. In addition, academic subjects are good for training us in mental discipline, while practical subjects are weak in this regard.v Schools are too academic in orientation and it would be more useful for children to learn about practical matters.v My third reason is based on the saying “Man does not live by bread alone”.v Schooldays devoted solely to instruction in down-to-earth practical matters would be dull indeed! Lessons in the best literature of the past enrich our lives and make us feel that we are part of the great family of mankind.v Reason？For: It moulds strong and real character. It helps to reinforce the authority of teachers and parents. Permissiveness results in undisciplined children. Parental laxity leads to the spread of juvenile delinquency.v progressive.v Corporal punishmentAgainst: It seriously violates the legal rights and interests for children. It endangers childrens physical and mental development. It is a kind of brutality and cruelty which may lead to injury or even death of the student. Researches reveal that students who suffer from corporal punishment tend to resort to violence in their future life. The mission of education can be fulfilled in other more civilized gressive.v School or parents responsibilityThe school: As an institution of education, the school has the sole responsibility to educate the younger generation. Most of the childrens waking time is spent in schools, and their purpose in attending school is to receive an education. The parents of the children pay for the education of their children, so they should receive correspondent services. There are well-equipped facilities and well-trained teachers in schools.v School or parents responsibilityThe parents: The parents know their children better than the school, and they know what to teach and in what way it can be accepted. In school, each child gets inadequate individual attention, and sometimes his or her particular needs are passed over. The parents function as the first teachers of their children so that they should be responsible for the education of the children.v What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Internet？Advantages： Easy and quick access to the latest worldwide information. A convenient and cheap source of entertainment and information. Worldwide personal communication is both more convenient and swifter/cheaper. The Internet makes the world smaller. You can make friends with anybody through the Internet. Plays a role of education and has become powerful academic resources.v What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Internet？Disadvantages： Lack social interaction, foster self-centeredness and inflexibility, unable to make a clear distinction between fantasy and reality. Over-indulgence in the Internet will do harm to ones health：myopia/near-sightedness. Lead a sedentary life. “OTAKU” Hackers attacks may undermine the national security, easy access to subversive or pornographic items, exposure to excessive sex and violence; our morality will definitely receive a heavy blow. Make copyright laws harder to enforce, so it is harder to keep new technology secrets.v Material 通用特点1, offer a sense of job satisfaction and security（提供就业安全与保障）2, lay a solid professional working experience（打下坚实的专业工作经验）3, reduce / cut down expenditure（减少开支）4, increase job opportunities（增加就业机会）5, meet personalized needs（满足个性化需求）6, promote talent introduction and exchange（促进人才的引进与交流）7, keep skills fresh and up-to-date（保持技术更新）8, better / promote / enhance / further human resource development（促进人力发展）9, lay a solid foundation for（为.打下坚实基础）10, pave the way for the future / development（为未来发展铺平道路）11, foster a sense of competition and cooperation（培养竞争与合作意识）12, cultivate the spirit of teamwork（培养团队合作精神）13, widen ones knowledge（扩展知识）14, enrich ones social and life experience（丰富社会经验以及个人阅历）15, enlarge ones view / broaden ones horizon（拓宽视野）16, realize the value of life（认识到生命的价值所在）17, speed up technical innovation（加速科技更新）18, release people from hard work（从繁重的工作中解脱出来）19, improve education conditions（改善教育环境）20, stimulate ones imagination and interest in sth（激发想象力与兴趣）v To illustratev Sample:pirated productstraffichousingJuvenile delinquencyv Para 1现象阐释段v fake commodities首段：现象阐释1Nobody could have failed to notice the fact that fake commodities have been a grave problem with which we are confronted.v fake commodities首段：现象阐释2Fake and shoddy goods flood the market. Taking a look around, we can find examples too numerous to list: pirated editions of books and films, food and drinks of poor quality and the like.首段：现象阐释3v How does it come about?v What has possibly contributed to the phenomenon mentioned above?v Why?引出下文v Pirated productsv 1 -Topic : In our modern society, the phenomenon of piracy has become more and more/ increasingly serious/grave.v 2 -details : We can see pirated books, CDs and trade marks everywhere.v Pirated productsv 3 - details :Take software for example, scientific research shows / a recent survey tells / the statistics reveals / indicates that approximately 70% software on personal computers are pirated ones.v 4 - Connecting :What has possibly contributed to the phenomenon mentioned above?v Para 2v Para 2 1, As to me, three main reasons/ factors / aspects lead to / result in / contribute to / be responsible for the phenomenon above.or: The phenomenon above result from/ be attributed to / be caused by the following three main reasons.or: There are three main reasons/ factors / aspects that lead to the phenomenon mentioned above.v Para 2 - reasonsv Reasons-Piracyv A number of factors could account for the problem, but the following might be the most critical ones. outline sentence Initially, pirated products are much cheaper than copyrighted ones, so they are quite attractive to people, especially youngsters, who are not financially well-off. In addition, with highly developed technology, it is not difficult to manufacture fake goods. With one authorized copy, the illegal producers can make thousands of fake ones at a greatly low cost, thus making huge profits.-reasonsv Reasons-Wastev Para 3 - to solvev Para 3 - to solve1, connecting linkv Based on / Judging from the analysis mentioned above, effective measures should be taken as soon as possible.Or:v Something should be done to solve it.Or:v It is of importance for us to / It is high time that we did something to v Para 3 - to solvePirated products:v 2, On one hand, it is appealed that our country should lay down relative regulations and laws.v 3, On the other hand, our consumers ought to enhance the sense/ consciousness of copyright.v Frugality / environmental protection/v Para 3 - to solveWaste on campus:2, On one hand, it is appealed that our schools should lay down relative regulations.3, On the other hand, our students should cultivate the good habits of diligence and frugality.v Para 3 - to solveFake commodities:1, In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures must be taken before things get worse.承上启下v Para 3 - to solve2， On one hand, it is essential that laws and regulations be worked out and enforced to ban the manufacture and circulation of fake and shoddy goods.3， On the other hand, the public should enhance their awareness of identifying and refusing sub-standard commodities.v 4, Only in this way, can we solve this problem, and it will only be a matter of time before _ become things of history/ the past.Or:v If all of us may be aware of this problem, can a harmony campus/ society be far behind?v Para 3 - to solve4， With proper laws and an alert public, it will only be a matter of time for fake and shoddy goods to become things of the past.Or:With these measures taken, it is reasonable for us to believe that the problem will be solved in the near future.v Material 解决措施1, strengthen the regulation and monitoring（加强监控与监督）2, give sb a comprehensive person-to-person service（给予人性化服务）3, enhance the government intrusion（增强宏观调控）4, place severe restrictions on（严格限制）5, promote legislative regulations（宣传法律法规）6, set down/ lay down effective laws/ regulations（制定法律法规）v Material 解决措施7, increase the involvement of and（促进和.的参与）8, impose heavier penalty on（给予严惩）9, arouse peoples awareness of（唤起公众的意识）10, increase interaction between government and the public（增进政府与公众之间的互动）11, give special care to（给予特殊关怀）12, take proper guidance and support（采取适当的引导与支持)v To illustrate chartsBar chartv Pie chartv Line Graphv Tablev P74v Para 1 - to illustrate the chartPara 1图表属性：纵、横坐标+描述对象v 1 -Topic: As is shown by the bar chart/ pie chart/ line graph/ table , _ decreased/ increased dramatically over the period from _ to _.v Para 1 - to illustrate the chart 2,3 -details :比较结构+倍数表达 less than, doubled, increased almost three times 4 - Connecting :What has possibly contributed to the phenomenon mentioned above?- How to compare?v Para 1 - to illustrate the chart In 1999, it increased/ decreased fromto By comparison, with 1998, it decreased/ increase