2017届高考英语一轮复习 Unit 21 Human Biology 北师大版选修7.doc

Unit 21Human Biology写得准用得活积得多1.circulate vi. 循环2.digest vt. 消化3.abuse vt. 滥用4.fundamental adj. 根本的；基础的5.seek vt. 寻找6.annual adj. 每年的，一年一次的7.cater vi. 满足；迎合8.treat vt. 款待9.postpone vt. 推迟，延期10.compulsory adj. 强制性的，义务的11.temporary adj. 临时的；短暂的12.decline vi. 下降13.circumstance n. 情形；情况14.unite vt. 联合；团结；统一united adj.团结的union n联合15.tolerate vt.容忍toleration n容忍；忍受tolerant adj.宽容的，容忍的tolerance n宽容；容忍16.oppose vt.反对opposite adj.相反的；反对的 n反义词opposition n反方；对立面opposed adj.相反的，对立的17.prohibit vt.禁止prohibition n禁止；禁令prohibitive adj.禁止的18.faith n信心faithful adj.守信的；忠实的faithfully adv.忠实地，真诚地19.equip vt.装备；使有准备equipment n装备；装备品20.submit vt.认为；提交submission n屈从，屈服；意见；提交submissive adj.服从的21.privileged adj.荣幸的privilege n特权22.fortune n大笔钱财，巨款 fortunate adj.幸运的fortunately adv.幸运地unfortunately adv.不幸地23.rob vt.使丧失；抢劫robber n抢劫犯robbery n抢劫 24.concern n担心，担忧concerned adj.担心的；有关的concerning prep.关于用所给词的适当形式填空1.The manager has faith in his secretary, because he thinks she is faithful to him and always helps him faithfully.(faith)2.She was very fortunate to come into a large fortune,_but unfortunately she was confirmed to suffer from a deadly disease.(fortune)3.I admire you for your tolerance,_because you can tolerate things which cant be tolerant.(tolerate)4.Concerning all the things concerned,_I am most concerned about this matter.(concern)5.As a famous saying goes, union is strength. If united,_we can overcome all the difficulties, so lets unite together.(unite)6.The students living far away from the school were strongly opposed to the plan. Their opposition prevented the plan from being carried out. (oppose)7.This is a modern, bright and well equipped hospital, and its equipment is of the first level.(equip)8.As we all know, an annual meeting is held annually.(annual)9.Several robbers robbed the bank of an enormous sum of money, making the largest robbery of this city in the last decade.But they were soon caught by the police.(rob)10.They prepared a report for submission to the council, in which they submitted that the evidence was unreliable.(submit)1.“寻找，搜寻”词汇一览look for寻找search for 搜寻seek (for) 寻找hunt for 搜寻，寻找2.“财富”相关名词小聚fortune 大笔钱财treasure 财富，财产wealth 财富possession 财产，财富property 财产，不动产3.聚焦“状况，情况”相关名词condition 状态；环境state 状态，状况situation 情形，处境circumstance 环境，状况status 地位；情形4.annual相关形容词全扫描weekly 每周的monthly 每月的daily 每日的quarterly 每季度的hourly 每小时的minutely 每分钟的5.由decline想到的增加：rise, increase, go up减少：fall, drop, decrease, decline, go down6.oppose近/反义词大全reject v. 拒绝object v. 反对；不赞成agree v同意disagree v反对agreement n同意disagreement n不同意approve v赞成；批准disapprove v不赞成approval n赞成；批准disapproval n不赞成写得准用得活积得多1.in_vain徒劳，白费力气2.at_random 随便地，随意地3.at_all_costs_ 不管多大代价4.straight_away_ 立刻，马上5.wipe_out_ 彻底毁灭6.stop_sth._in_its_tracks 终止；消灭7.rob_sb.of_sth. 抢劫某人某物8.at_any_rate 无论如何；至少9.get_down_to_ 开始做10.bring_up 教育；抚养；呕吐11.get_through_ 通过(考试)；完成12.clear_up_ 整理；解释；澄清； 放晴13.put_off_ 推迟；延期14.miss_out_ 遗漏；遗忘；错过 机会15.focus_on 聚焦；集中；对准选用左栏短语填空1.Its not a easy task for you to bring_up a small child on your own.2.Had the boy worked harder, he would have got_through the exams.3.I tried to make his peace with her, but in_vain. 4.Last week, I was robbed_of my wallet in front of a hotel on my way home.5.The noise made it hard for me to focus_on work.6.Its time I got_down_to thinking about that essay.7.Ill just read through the form again to make sure I havent missed anything out.8.It is raining now, but I think it will clear_up soon.1.“开始/着手做某事”短语精选get down to doing sth. set out to do sth.set about doing sth. settle down to sth.start/begin doing/to do sth.2.“立即，即刻”短语全接触at once 立即right now/away 立刻straight away 立刻，马上in no time 立刻，马上in a flash 即刻in an instant 立即；马上3.clear短语荟萃clear away 把清理出去， 把收拾整洁 clear off 溜掉，离开 clear out 把清理干净 clear up 解释；澄清；放晴背原句记句式会仿用1.It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随意地检查。It isadj. for sb.to do .句型。他这次或许能通过驾照考试。It_is_possible_for_him_to_pass the driving test this time.2.The Olympic spirit the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.人们不惜任何代价想获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。rather than并列连词，表示“而不是”。作为学生，我们应当通过努力学习而非考试作弊来取得好成绩。As students, we should try to get good results by studying hard rather_than_cheating_in_exams.3.Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old, the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history.西班牙流感在18个月内使多达5千万人丧命，并且发病的倾向为年轻力壮的年轻人而不是老年人，它被认为是历史上最严重的流行性传染病。“Sb./Sth.be believed to .” 意为“某人或某物被认为”。据说这本书已被翻译成了好几种外国语言。The book is said to have been translated into several foreign languages.1seek (sought，sought) vt.寻找；寻求；追求；探求；探索；试图高考佳句Clearly and thoughtfully written, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.(2014天津高考单选)构思清晰、笔法纯熟，这本书激发了那些希望自己寻找答案的学生的自信心。seek sth.from sb.向某人请求/寻求某物seek (after/for) sb./sth. 追求/寻找某人/某物seek ones fortune 寻找成功(致富)的机会seek out 找出；寻出seek to do sth. 试图做某事 We seek to_find (find) a way to make us get along well with the people around us.我们试图找一种方法使我们和周围的人相处融洽。They sought_out a handy spot where they might sit down and rest.他们找到了一个可以坐下休息而且方便的地方。He told us that he was going to Beijing to seek_his_fortune and I suggested that he should_seek_advice_from his teacher and shouldnt seek_(after/for) comfort, personal fame or gain.他告诉我们他要去北京碰碰运气，我建议这件事情他应该请教他的老师，不要一味地贪图安逸，追名逐利。2oppose vt.&vi.反对；反抗教材原句Genetherapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it.基因疗法有很多争议，许多人反对进一步研究。(1)oppose doing sth.反对做某事oppose sb.s doing sth. 反对某人做某事(2)opposed adj. 相反的；对立的be opposed to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事；与(做)某事对立Her wealthy parents opposed/were_opposed_to_her_marrying a boy from the poor family.她那富有的父母反对她同贫寒家庭的孩子结婚。We all strongly oppose driving (drive) after drinking.我们都强烈反对酒后驾驶。写作联想例句其他表达方式We all strongly object to driving after drinking.We are all strongly opposed to driving after drinking.We are all strongly against driving after drinking.3postpone vt.推迟，延期教材原句I decided not to postpone studying (as I normally do！) and got up early every morning to get down to work straight away.我决定不推迟学习(就像我平常那样！)，而是每天早上早点起床立刻开始学习。postpone doing sth.延缓/推迟做某事postpone sth.until/to . 把某事推迟到Owing to the bad weather, we decided to postpone leaving_(leave)由于天气不好，我们决定推迟动身。It has been decided the meeting should be postponed_until/to next Saturday.已经决定，会议延期到下星期六举行。4prohibit vt.禁止，阻止教材原句Since the SARS epidemic ended, scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks.自从“非典”疫潮结束后，科学家们一直在做治疗方面的试验以预防将来再次爆发。(1)prohibit (doing) sth.禁止(做)某事(2) 禁止某人做某事(3)prohibition n. 禁止；禁令a prohibition against/on . 的禁令It was the bad weather that prohibited their (they) going to the science museum.是糟糕的天气阻止了他们去参观科学博物馆。Some people think that its necessary to prohibit peoples using mobile phones in some places.Some people think that its necessary to prohibit_people_from_using mobile phones in some places.一些人认为有必要禁止人们在一些场所使用手机。 They voted in favor of the prohibition (prohibit) of smoking in public areas. 他们投票赞成在公共场合禁止吸烟。写作联想例句其他表达方式Some people think that its necessary to prevent people from using mobile phones in some places.Some people think that its necessary to stop people from using mobile phones in some places.Some people think that its necessary to keep people from using mobile phones in some places.5decline vi.&vt.下降；衰退；谢绝 n下降；衰退高考佳句Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was beyond our range, so we declined. (2015天津高考完形)尽管她的描述听起来很精彩，但这所房子的价格超出了我们的承受范围。因此，我们拒绝了。(1)decline to do sth.婉拒做某事(2)decline in/of sth. 在某方面减少/下降in decline 下降on the decline 走下坡路，在衰退中fall/go into (a) decline 开始衰落，陷入衰退He is still one of the worlds most popular golfers, but his skill is in_decline.他仍是世界上最受欢迎的高尔夫球选手之一，但他的球技在下降。The number of people who run the red light has been on the decline since the new traffic regulations came into effect.自从新的交通法规实施以来，闯红灯的人数一直在下降。The intense competition from overseas has caused the cotton industry to fall/go_into_(a)_decline. 来自海外的激烈竞争导致棉花产业的衰退。6equip vt.使有准备；配备；装备高考佳句To keep the feet dry and comfortable, this new kind of shoes is equipped with a microfan. (2014湖南高考书面表达)为了保持双脚干爽舒适，这种新的鞋子配有微型风扇。(1)equip .with . 用装备equip .for sth./to do sth. 为(做)某事而装备be equipped for/to do sth. 为(做)某事装备好； 做好准备(2)equipment n. 设备，设施Please equip yourself with a sharp pencil and a rubber for the exam.请准备一支削好的铅笔和一块橡皮参加考试。They are skills which equip them for real situations they might face in their lives.这些技能可以让他们应付生活中可能会发生的真实状况。It is clear that hightech equipment (equip) has become popular among teenagers and changed their way of life.很明显，高科技设备受青少年欢迎，改变了他们的生活方式。7submit vt.提交；递交vi.服从，屈服教材原句 You were supposed to submit it on the 14th June.你本应该在6月14日提交它(文章)。submit .to .把提交给；向提出submit sb./oneself to 使某人/自己甘受/服从submit to 服从于，屈服于In that case they had to submit themselves (they) to his judgement.在那种情况下他们不得不服从他的判决。He submitted_to the headmasters order finally that all teachers should_submit_that_report_to the headmaster.他最终服从了校长的命令所有的老师都应将那份报告提交给校长。.基础点全练(单句语法填空/完成句子)1Its obvious that the teacher cannot tolerate eating (eat) in class.2They are seeking to_attain (attain) the most advanced technological level in the world.3It was an unpopular decision to postpone building (build) the new school.4One requirement of Party discipline is that the minority should submit to the majority.5They are going to equip the workshop with new machines in order to increase output. 6There has been a steady decline in public services over recent years.7It is said that the tomb has_been_robbed_of (已被盗) its treasures.8After so many disappointments, he lost_faith_in (失去信任) doctors.重难点多练1oppose多棱镜(1)单句语法填空She is very much opposed to the change of the plan.He opposed building (build) a new building in this area, for there are some rare plants near here.(2)单句改错We are all opposed to get my father to go abroad.getgetting_Why did you object my suggestion？object后加to2prohibit点点练(1)介词填空The environmental group is demanding a complete prohibition against/on the hunting of whales.Meanwhile, the Dutch will prohibit tourists from buying drugs in their famous coffee shops.(2)完成句子Nuclear powers are_prohibited_from_selling (被禁止出售) this technology.It is my father that prohibited_my_going_to_college (不允许我上大学).阅读词汇专练1根据语境选出digest的词性和词义It took me some time to digest what I had heard._A_We may not be able to digest foods as easily as we once could._B_The digest will be available for sale online or in stores._C_2根据语境选出decline的词性和词义I invited her to my wedding, but she declined my invitation._A_The company reported a small decline in its profits._D_The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10% last month._B_Industry in Britain has been in decline since 1970s._C_1at all costs无论如何，不管多大代价教材原句The Olympic spirit the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.人们不惜任何代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。(1)at the cost/expense of .丧失，牺牲；以为代价at a cost of . 以的费用/价格at any cost 在任何情况下；无论如何at cost 按成本价(2)cost sb. sth. 花某人，使某人付出/ 丧失The hero saved the boys life out of the burning library at the cost of his own life, which was put up at a cost of one million dollars last year.那个英雄牺牲了自己的生命从燃烧着的图书馆里救出了那个男孩，图书馆是去年耗资100万美元建起来的。We are determined to obtain our rights at_any_cost. 我们决定无论如何要获取我们的权利。2wipe out彻底毁灭；全部摧毁教材原句Epidemics can wipe out up to half of the population in urban areas.流行病可以毁灭居住在城市的多达一半的人口。wipe away擦掉，清除掉wipe sth. off/from 从上擦去某物；勾销(债务等)wipe down/up 彻底揩擦干净wipe sth. with sth. 用擦I hastily wiped up the milk I had spilled.我连忙把洒出来的牛奶擦干净。Your arms are my castle; your heart is my sky. They wipe away tears that I cry.你的手臂就是我的城堡，你的心就是我的天空。它们擦去我哭泣的眼泪。3at any rate无论如何；不管怎样；反正，至少教材原句If trends continue the way theyre going, then in my opinion, yes in developed countries at any rate.如果这种趋势继续以它们现在的方式发展下去的话，我认为至少在发达国家是那样的。at this/that rate照此情形；如此下去at the/a rate of 以的速度或比率；以的价格Were working so slowly that, at_this_rate,_well never finish the job.我们干的太慢了，照这样下去，永远也干不完这个活。The train was traveling at_the/a_rate_of 100 kilometres an hour.火车以每小时100公里的速度行驶。4It_is_compulsory_for_winners_to_be_tested but other participants are only tested at random. 获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随意地检查。(1)“It isadj.for sb. to do .”结构中的形容词仅仅描述事物，不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价。这类形容词有difficult, easy, hard, important, dangerous, impossible等。Its very dangerous for_children_to_cross the busy street.对孩子们来说，穿过繁忙的街道很危险。Nowadays it_is_important_for_us students to master a foreign language.现在对我们学生来说掌握一门外语是非常重要的。(2)“It isadj.of sb.to do .”结构中的形容词描述不定式行为者的性格、品质。这类形容词有 kind, good, right, clever, foolish 等。Its_clever_of_you to work out the maths problem.你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。5The Olympic spirit the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather_than winning has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.人们不惜任何代价想获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。(1)rather than为并列连词，表示选择，意为“而不是”。它通常用在平行结构中，连接相同的句子成分，即rather than 前后两部分在成分和形式上应该一致。Bryson decided to quit rather than accept the new rules.布赖森决定辞职而不接受新规定。 (2)rather than 常用于下列结构中：Compared with women, men always prefer to_sleep (sleep) at home rather_than_spend so much time shopping.与女人相比，男人宁愿待在家里睡觉，也不愿意把时间花在购物上。(3)rather than 连接主语及其附属成分时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的词在人称和数上保持一致。Mary, rather than you, is_to_blame_for not finishing the work on time.是玛丽而不是你应该为没有按时完成工作而受责备。.基础点全练1单句语法填空Local businesses are closing at a/the rate of three a year.I will not idle (虚度) away my time and be sorry in vain when my youthful head becomes white.His account of the accident cleared up one or two important facts.It can rob you of your selfconfidence if you dont learn to forgive yourself.The College Entrance Examination is approaching.Its high time for us to get down to our studies.I would rather surf the Internet than go to the cinema.The meeting which is reported to_be_held (hold) this month has been put off till the end of next month.Its cruel of him to kill his mother.2运用所学短语完成片段Three robbers were believed to have_robbed_a_bank (抢劫了一家银行) of a large fortune yesterday. The police immediately blocked the main roads and prohibited_the_suspects_from (阻止嫌疑人)escaping. The authority said that such crimes were hard to tolerate and must be wiped_out (彻底毁灭) at_all_costs (不惜任何代价)At present, the police are seeking the information about the case and urge the criminal to submit_to (屈服于) the police.重难点多练1cost相关短语细梳理(1)用cost的相关短语填空I must finish the work by tomorrow at_all_costs/at_any_cost.She saved him from drowning, but only at_the_cost_of her own life.He has just built a new house for his family at_a_cost_of $10,000.I can spare you some, if you want, at_cost.(2)一句多译他花80元钱买了这件毛衣。1 The sweater cost him 80 yuan.(cost v)2 He_bought_the_sweater_at_a_cost_of_80_yuan.(cost n)2wipe相关短语大观园介、副词填空Doctors are searching for a cure that will wipe out cancer.She wiped the sweat off/from her face with a piece of facial tissue.How could I be able to hold my kids, wipe away their tears, and share their dreams?3rather than万花筒用所给词的适当形式填空You rather than anyone else are (be) to blame for the mistake.I like reading books rather than watching (watch) TV.She preferred to go with us rather than stay (stay) at home.Changing your diet, rather than dieting (diet), is a healthier alternative.课时练(一) 单元考点落实练和完形填空提能练一、单元考点落实练(练基础)(限时：40分钟).单词拼写1The police are still seeking (寻找) the men involved in last weeks robbery.2The flight was postponed (推迟) because of the thick fog.3Smoking is prohibited (禁止) in public buildings or in the crowded buses.4All the parents want to equip (装备) their children with some special skills. Thus, they can live better in the future.5Those who know how to tolerate (容忍) others can naturally lead a happy life.6Make sure that all applications must be submitted (提交) by Monday.7I offered to give them a lift but they declined (谢绝)8As far as I know, the manager is strongly opposed (反对) to the plan.9Fresh air is fundamental (基础的) to good health.10The officer was accused of abusing (滥用) his power while in office.单句语法填空1I am very much opposed to permitting (permit) him to go alone.2I have never sought to_hide (hide) my views. I hope you will not misunderstand me.3Please dont spit or throw rubbish everywhere at random.4Robbed (rob) of her gold necklace, which is meaningful to her, she became unhappy.5Nobody can tolerate being_cheated (cheat), and thats why he has no friend.6Equipped (equip) with new scientific farming methods, they have been able to use less farmland than before.7We cant submit to the fate. Instead, we should take a positive attitude to the present situation.8More and more people tend to read