反意疑问句.doc

反意疑问句是英文中常见的一种句型，它提出情况或看法，询问对方同意与否，被广泛应用于英语口语。反意疑问句通常由两部分构成：前一部分用陈述句的形式（statement），后一部分是一个附着在前一部分上的简短问句(也叫tag question)。所附简短问句中的主语和谓语与陈述句的保持一致，而且两部分的时态要一致。反意疑问句有四种类型：（1）肯定陈述+否定简短问句；（2）否定陈述+肯定简短问句；（3）肯定陈述+肯定简短问句；（4）否定陈述+否定简短问句。其中，前两种运用最为广泛。除此之外，反意疑问句还有“祈使句+简短问句”的形式，这种用法通常用于减弱祈使语气。如: Carry this parcel for me, can you? 给我拿一下包，好吗？反意疑问句的构成有以下几点特殊情况须注意：1当陈述句的主语是everyone, everybody, someone, somebody时，简短问句中的主语通常用they。如果陈述句的主语是非人称的复合词，如everything, something, anything, 则简短问句中相应的人称代词是单数的中性词it。例如:Somebody borrowed my coat yesterday, didnt they?Nobody came, did they?Everyone thinks theyre the center of the universe, dont they?Nothing can stop us now, can it?2当陈述句是表示存在的句子时，简短问句用there 作形式主语。例如:There isnt a book on the table, is there?Theres something wrong, isnt there?There wont be any trouble, will there?3如果陈述句中包含有如下的否定或半否定词, 如seldom, hardly, never, rarely,little, few, nowhere, nothing，则简短问句通常用肯定形式。但如果陈述句中仅包含有否定前缀，则简短问句中用否定形式。例如：He was unsuccessful, wasnt he?The rules are invariable, arent they?He seldom pays more attention to his pronunciation, does he?He hardly knows anything about computer, does he?Tom has little knowledge of how to spend money, does he?4陈述句中是I am时，简短问句则用arent I。例如:I am an excellent English speaker, arent I?I am late, arent I ?5陈述句中是非限定人称代词one时，正式文体中，简短问句的主语为one，而非正式文体中用you。例如: One must be honest, mustnt one?6含有宾语从句的主从复合句的反意疑问句中，简短问句一般反映主句中主、谓之间的关系。但如果主句是I think, I suppose, I believe, I suspect, I imagine 等时，则简短问句反映的是that从句中主语与谓语之间的关系。例如：They agreed that the United States shouldnt make a war on Iraq, didnt they?I suppose (that) he is serious, isnt he?注意：否定词移位的情况，如：I dont suppose (that) he is serious, is he?7如果陈述句的谓语动词是have (当 “拥有”讲时), 简短问句可用have形式或用do形式。例如：You have a nice house, havent/dont you?但如果陈述句是否定形式时，简短问句中动词的选择则由陈述句中的动词形式而定。例如：He hasnt a house of his own, has he? He doesnt have a house of his own, does he?如果陈述句中的动词 have 表示“经历，遭受，得到，吃”的意思时，则简短问句中的动词用 do的形式。例如：You often have headaches, dont you?8当陈述句的动词是ought to时，英国英语中简短问句用ought，而美国英语中则用should。9陈述句中的动词是used to时，简短问句可用used 的形式或did的形式。例如:The Smiths used to live in the countryside, usednt / didnt they?He didnt use/used to tell lies, did he?10.陈述句中动词为neednt时，简短问句通常用 need。例如:You neednt do it if you dont want to, need you?You neednt have told him the news, need you?11.陈述句中must后动词的类属和时态不同，反意疑问句也不同。例如:The food must be good, isnt it?You must have read the book last month, didnt you?You must see the doctor, neednt you?（must表必要性，故用neednt）You mustnt do that again, must you?(must表示“不可以”）12.当陈述部分是一祈使句时，简短问句则通常为 wont you, would you, can you, cant you, could you等，使语气婉转、客气。如果陈述部分的祈使句中含有第一人称时，如Lets do something, 则简短问句为 shall we?例如:Do sit down, wont you? Shut up, can you?在否定的祈使句后， 只能用will you。例如:Dont forget, will you? 赞同32| 评论 其他答案 共6条 2008-7-27 10:20 zxddsr | 十二级 1陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式 2陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式 They work hard, dont they? She was ill yesterday, wasnt she? You didnt go, did you? He cant ride a bike, can he? 请注意以下句型的反义疑问句的用法： 1当陈述部分的主语是I , everyone, everything, nobody 时，后面的疑问句应表示为： I am a student, arent I ?Everyone is in the classroom, arent they? Everything begins to grow in spring, doesnt it? Nobody will go, will they? 2. 当陈述部分有never，seldom, hardly，few，little，barely, scarcely, nothing 等否定词时，后面的疑问句则表示为： There are few apples in the basket, are there? He can hardly swim, can he? They seldom come late, do they? 3. 当陈述部分是I think 加从句时，疑问句应和从句的人称时态保持一致。 I think chickens can swim, cant they? I think Lucy is a good girl, isnt she? I didnt think he was happy, was he? 4. 陈述部分有had better 时，疑问句应用hadnt开头： Youd better get up early, hadnt you? 5.当陈述部分是祈使句时，疑问句要根据语气来表达 Lets go out for a walk, shall we? Let us go our for a walk, will you? Turn on the radio, will you? 6.反义疑问句的回答用yes， no， 但是，回答意思相反,当陈述部分是否定形式时，回答要按事实。如： They dont work hard, do they? 他们不太努力工作，是吗？ Yes, they do. 不，他们工作努力。/No, they dont. 对， 他们工作不努力。赞同0| 评论 2008-7-27 10:22 0523lolita | 二级 1) 陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 arent I.Im as tall as your sister，arent I?（我和你姐姐一样高，对吗？）2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。I wish to have a word with you, may I?（我希望可以和你说话，可以吗？）3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。The Swede made no answer, did he / she?Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldnt / oughtnt +主语。He ought to know what to do, oughtnt he? / shouldnt he?5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用dont +主语（didnt +主语）。We have to get there at eight tomorrow, dont we?6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didnt +主语或 usednt +主语。He used to take pictures there, didnt he? / usednt he?7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadnt you?Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you?8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldnt +主语。He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he?9) 陈述部分有Youd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldnt +主语。Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you?10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。He must be a doctor, isnt he?You must have studied English for three years, havent you? / didnt you?He must have finished it yesterday, didnt he?11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。What colours, arent they?What a smell, isnt it?12) 陈述部分由neither nor, either or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。Everything is ready, isnt it?14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldnt he?b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?He said he wanted to visit Japan, didnt he?c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。I dont think he is bright, is he?We believe she can do it better, cant she?但此时主语必须是第一人称如果不是则不能否定从句如 He thought they were wrong,didnt he.而不能说werent they.15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he.Everyone knows the answer, dont they? (does he?)Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。We need not do it again, need we ?He dare not say so, dare you?当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she?17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。Dont do that again, will you?Go with me, will you / wont you ?注意： Lets 开头的祈使句，后用shall we（或用shant we) ?Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you（或wont you）?Lets go and listen to the music, shall we（或用shant we)?Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you （或wont you）?18) 陈述部分是there be结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。There is something wrong with your watch, isnt there?There will not be any trouble, will there?19) 否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。It is impossible, isnt it?He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 20) must在表推测时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。He must be there now, isnt he?It must be going to rain tomorrow, wont it?21)当主句是由so引起的一个句子，而且译为“这么说来”时，疑问部分的谓语形式（肯定或否定）应与主句保持一致。So you have seen the film, have you?So he has not been to Beijing ,hasnt he?赞同0| 评论 2008-7-27 10:25 cut2 | 四级 They work hard, dont they? 他们工作很努力，不是吗？She was ill yesterday, wasnt she? 她昨天病了，不是吗？You didnt go, did you? 你没去，对吧？He cant ride a bike, can he? 他不会骑车，对吧？This book is good.Isnt it? 这本书很好，对吧？The elevator is really slow.isnt it？这部电梯真的很慢，对吧？Everyone is in the classroom, arent they? Everything begins to grow in spring, doesnt it? Nobody will go, will they? I am a student, arent I ?I think chickens can swim, cant they? I think Lucy is a good girl, isnt she? I didnt think he was happy, was he? Today is hot.Isnit?赞同0| 评论 2011-10-23 10:10 苗920 | 二级 句型解释 1陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式 可记为 前肯后否定. 2陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式 可记为 前否后肯定. They work hard, dont they? 句子类型：一种是反义的附加疑问句，一种是非反义的附加疑问句。读法规则附加疑问句陈述部分用降调，问句部分可升可降。提问者对陈述部分把握较大时，问句部分用降调；反之用升调。编辑本段主语一般词语附加疑问句中主语 用和主句一致的主语，用主格。 附加疑问句随从句。不定代词当陈述部分的主语是 ( 1 )用one 时，后面的疑问句可用one/he. (2)everything,anything,nothing,something时， 附加疑问句中主语用it 不用 they （3）this,that,或those,these时，附加疑问句中主语用it和they. （4）everyone，everybody，someone，somebody，anyone，nobody等，附加疑问句中主语一般用he（书面语）/they（口头语）. (5)不定式，动名词，其他短语，附加疑问句中主语一般用it。 （6）在there be句型中，附加疑问句中主语一般用be/情态动词/助动词+there。编辑本段特殊句型否定意义的词否定意义的词 （1）当陈述部分有never，seldom, hardly，few，little，barely, scarcely, nothing，none,rarely 等否定意义的词汇时，后面的反意疑问句则为肯定形式： There are few apples in the basket, are there? He can hardly swim, can he? They seldom come late, do they? （2）当陈述部分含有否定意思的词是unhappy,dislike,unfriendly等含有否定词缀的派生词，也就是有un-前缀、-less后缀等含有词缀而意思否定的词，当做肯定句处理，疑问部分要用否定形式。如： He looks unhappy,doesnthe?他看上去不高兴，不是吗？ The girl dislikes history,doesnt she?这女孩不喜欢历史，不是吗？有less,fewer等词视为肯定词，疑问部分用否定形式。如：There will be less pollution, wont there?表示主语主观意愿的词含有think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等动词后接宾语从句构成的主从复合句在构成反意疑问句时，视情况不同有两种不同的构成方式。 (1.)当主句的主语为第一人称时，其后的简短问句应与从句相一致。例如： I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, wont she/he? We suppose you have finished the project, havent you? 值得注意的是，当这些动词后接的宾语从句的否定转移到主句时，其仍属否定句，故其后的简短问句应用肯定式，而非否定式。例如： I dontbelieve that he can translate this book, can he? We dontimagine the twins have arrived, have they? 此类句子的回答同前否后肯型反意疑问句一样，如上述后一个句子，若双胞胎已经到了，则回答为Yes, they have.；若尚未到达，使用No, they havent.。 (2).当主句的主语为第二、三人称时，其后的简短问句则应与主句相一致（此时，否定只看主句，与从句无关.）。例如： Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesnt she? You thought they could have completed the project, didnt you? They dont believe shes an engineer, do they? She doesnt expect that we are coming so soon, does she? (3)但如果主句的时态是过去时等等，疑问句应和主句的人称时态保持一致。had better或have陈述部分有had better,或其中的have表示完成时态时，疑问句应用hadnt等开头： Youd better get up early, hadnt you? 其他情况句中有have时疑问句应用dont等开头 如have表示“有”的时候，有两种形式：（have 表示有 可用do或 have来改写） -He has two sisters,doesnt he? =He has two sisters,hasnt he? -He doesnt have any sisters,doeshe?祈使句当陈述部分是祈使句时，疑问句要根据语气来表达，分三种情况： 1）一般情况下用will you 或 wont you。 e.g. Give me a hand,will you? Leave all the things as they are,wont you? 2)以Lets开头的祈使句，前肯后可肯可否，前否后只可，疑问句必须用shall we;只有以Let us（听话人不被包括在“US”里面）或Let me开头的祈使句，问句才用will you。 e.g. Let us know the time of your arrival,shall we? Let”s try again,shall we? Let me help you,will you? Lets have a look on your book，will you？（听话人不包括在us里面） 3)当陈述句是否定的祈使句时，问句可用will you 或 can you 。 e.g. Dont make much noise,will/can you?There be句型There be 句型中，反义疑问部分必须为be 动词 + there There are some apples in the basket, arent there? There isnt any milk left, is there?must.当陈述部分有情态动词must，问句有4种情况： （1）mustnt表示“禁止，不可，不必”时，附加问句通常要用must. You mustnt stop your car here,must you? 你不能把车停在这地方，知道吗？ （2）must表示“有必要”时，附加问句通常要用neednt. They must finish the work today,neednt they? 他们今天要完成这项工作，是吗？ （3）当must用来表示对现在的情况进行推测时，问句通常要根据must后面的动词采用相应的形式。 He must be good at English,isnt he? 他英语一定学得很好，是吗？ （4）当must+have done表示对过去的情况进行推测（一般句中有明确的过去时间状语），问句要根据陈述部分谓语的情况用“didnt+主语”或“wasnt/werent+主语”；如果强调动作的完成（一般没有明确的过去时间状语），问句要用“havent/hasnt+主语”。 She must have read the novel last week,didnt she? 她上星期一定读了这本小说，是吗？ You must have told her about it,havent you? 你一定把这事告诉她了，是吗？非反义疑问句非反义疑问句的陈述部分和疑问部分要么同是可定的，要么同是否定的。这类反义疑问句有时带有感情色彩，表示惊奇，愤怒，讽刺，不服气等。例如：You call this a days work，do you？你说这就叫一天的活儿，是吗？编辑本段回答反意疑问句的回答：前肯后否，正常回答；前否后肯，根据事实从后往前翻译。如： （1）They work hard,dont they?他们努力工作，不是吗？ Yes, they do.对,他们工作努力。/No, they dont.不，他们工作不努力 （2）They dont work hard, do they? 他们不太努力工作，是吗？ Yes, they do. 不，他们工作努力。/No, they dont. 对， 他们工作不努力否定反义疑问句的回答当陈述部分为肯定式，反义疑问句为否定式时，其回答一般不会造成困难，一般只需照情况回答即可： Its new, isnt it? Yes, it is. “是新的，对吗？”“对，是新的。” He wants to go, doesnt he? No, he doesnt. “他想去，对吗？”“不，他不想去。” 此时，Yes即是，对前面Its new.的肯定。回答反义疑问句的原则回答反意疑问句通常应根据实际情况来确定，如有人问你You are asleep, arent you? 你应回答No, Im not. 因为既然你能回答，肯定你还没有asleep。但如果别人问你 You arent asleep, are you?(你还没有睡着，对吗)，你也只能回答No, Im not.(是的，还没有睡着)，而不能回答为Yes, Im not. 也不能回答成 Yes, I am. “It is a beautiful flower，isnt it？” “It isnt a beautiful flower，is it？” 上述两句句子的回答肯定均为“Yes，it is.否定为“No，it isnt. 由上述例子可知，反义疑问句回答与句子本身所包含的中文肯定与否的含义并无太大关联，只需注意事实，肯定即用yes，否定用n