2014年职称英语考试综合A真题评讲.doc

综合类A级2013年真题评讲一、词汇选项1、词汇选项的解题要点 博大考神职称英语家庭式培训班专家精讲：（1）确定题目考查的目标词，在考试中为划横线的词。目标词分为三种，单词原形，单词屈折变化以及短语词组。（2）在词典中找到这个单词。熟悉26个字母顺序，熟悉查词典的方法，通过多练习提高速度。（3）查看该单词的同义词列表，即单词释义后括号里面的内容。然后比较同义词列表和四个选项，出现在列表中的选项，即为正确答案。Tips ：简而言之，词汇选项就是目标词和选项词的匹配。2、真题评讲（挑选了以下5道有代表性的题目）4. The police will need to keep a (wary) eye on this area of town.A. nakedB. blindC. cautiousD. private【解题思路】第一步：首先确定目标词，本题的目标词是：wary。第二步：接下来在词典中找到wary的同义词有：cautious, careful, chary等。第三步：最后看选项，选项中C选项cautious在同义词列表中，所以本题答案为C选项。7. The tower remains (intact) ever after two hundred years.A. unknownB. undamagedC. unusualD. unstable【解题思路】第一步：首先确定目标词，本题的目标词是：intact。第二步：接下来在词典中找到intact的同义词有：unchanged, undamaged, uninjured等。第三步：最后看选项，选项中B选项undamaged出现在同义词列表中，所以本题答案为B选项。8. The drinking water has became (contaminated) with lead.A. pollutedB. treatedC. testedD. corrupted【解题思路】第一步：首先确定目标词，本题的目标词是：contaminated，原形是contaminate。第二步：接下来在词典中找到contaminate的同义词有：pollute, soil, taint等。第三步：最后看选项，选项中A选项polluted的原形pollute出现在同义词列表中，所以本题答案A选项。13. They didnt seem to appreciate the (magnitude) of the problem.A. existenceB. causeC. importanceD. situation【解题思路】第一步：首先确定目标词，本题的目标词是：magnitude。第二步：接下来在词典中找到magnitude的同义词有：importance, significance等。第三步：最后看选项，选项中C选项importance在同义词列表中出现，所以本题答案为C选项。 15. Three world-class tennis players came to (contend) for this title.A. argueB. competeC. claimD. wish【解题思路】第一步：首先确定目标词，本题的目标词是：contend。第二步：接下来在词典中找到content的同义词有compete, contest 等。第三步：最后看选项，选项中B选项compete在同义词列表中，所以本题答案为B选项。二、阅读判断1、阅读判断的解题要点（1）会运用查读法技巧。把查读法的各个环节，包括查找信息词，信息词回归原文，题目和原文的对比分析都掌握清楚。（2）能分清正确，错误和未提及三种情况的判断标准和判断方法。（3）解题的时候注意运用顺序原则。2、真题评讲（挑选了以下3道有代表性的题目）Mau Piailug, Ocean Navigator In early 1976, Mau Piailug, a fisherman, led an expedition in which he sailed a traditional Polynesian boat across 2500 miles of ocean from Hawaii to Tahiti. The Polynesian Voyaging Society had organized the expedition. Its purpose was to find out if seafarers (海员) in the distant past could found their way from on island to the other without navigational instruments, or whether the islands had been populated by accident. At the time, Mau was the only man alive who knew how to navigate just by observing the stars, the wind and the sea. He had never before sailed to Tahiti, which was a long way to the south. However, he understood how the wind and the sea behave around islands, so he was confident he could find the way. The voyage took him and his crew a month to complete and he did it without a compass or charts. His grandfather began the task of teaching him how to navigate when he was still a baby. He showed him pools of water on the beach to teach him how the behavior of the waves and wind changed in different places. Later, Mau used a circle of stones to memorise the positions of the stars. Each stone was laid out in the sand to represent star. The voyage proved that Hawaiis first inhabitants came in small boats and navigate by reading the sea and the stars. Mau himself became a keen teacher, passing on his traditional secrets to people of other cultures so that his knowledge would not be lost. He explained the positions of the stars to his students, but he allowed them to write things down because he knew they would never be able to remember everything as he had done.17. Mau was familiar with the sea around Tahiti.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned【解题思路】第一步：划出题干的信息词：familiar，Tahiti。第二步：信息词回归原文，定位到第二段第一句：He had never before sailed to Tahiti, which was a long way to the south.第三步：对比题干和原文信息，原文说他从来没有（never）去过塔希提（sailed to Tahiti），而题目中说他对塔希提和熟悉（familiar），显然是不符合原文细节信息的，所以本题答案为B选项。 19. Mau learnt navigation skills from his grandfather.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned【解题思路】第一步：划出题干的信息词：grandfather。第二步：信息词回归原文，定位到第三段第一句：His grandfather began the task of teaching him how to navigate when he was still a baby.第三步：对比题干和原文信息，原文说的是他的祖父在他很小的时候就开始教他怎样航行。题目说的是Mau是从他祖父那里学到这个航行技能的。与原文表述的意思一致，teaching和learnt，一个是教，一个是学，动作主语不一样，但是表达的意思一样，所以本题答案为A选项。 22. Mau expected his students to remember the positions of the stars immediately.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned【解题思路】第一步：划出题干的信息词：students，positions of the stars，immediately。第二步：信息词回归原文，定位到最后一段最后一句：He explained the positions of the stars to his students, but he allowed them to write things down because he knew they would never be able to remember everything as he had done.第三步：对比题干和原文信息，原文说他在教他的学生这门航行技能的时候，允许他们写下来，因为他知道他们不能够像他以前那样一下子都记住。题目说的是他期望他的学生们能够立即学会这门技能，这和原文表达的意思是相反的。所以本题答案为B选项。三、概括大意和完成句子1、概括大意和完成句子解题要点（1）中心句的划分技巧。（2）掌握查读法技巧，特别是信息对比分析环节中的弥补成分原则。Tips：毕竟是概括大意，所以不能只看关键词，要对选项句子进行分析，并同原文比较。 2、真题评讲（挑选了以下4道有代表性的题目）Traffic JamsNo End in Sight1 Traffic congestion(拥堵)affects people throughout the worldTraffic jams cause smog in dozens of cities across both the developed and developing world. In the U.S., commuters (通勤人员) spend an average of a full working week each year sitting in traffic jams, according to the Texas Transportation Institute. While alternative ways of getting around are available, most people still choose their cars because they are looking for convenience, comfort and privacy2 The most promising technique for reducing city traffic is called congestion pricing，where by cities charge a toll to enter certain parts of town at certain times of dayIn theory, if the toll is high enough，some drivers will cancel their trips or go by bus or trainAnd in practice it seems to work：Singapore，London and Stockholm have reduced traffic and pollution in city centres thanks to congestion pricing3 Another way to reduce rushhour traffic is for employers to implement flextime，which lets employees travel to and from work at off-peak traffic times to avoid the rush hourThose who have to travel during busy times can do their part by sharing carsEmployers can also allow more staff to telecommute(work from home)so as to keep more cars off the road altogether4 Some urban planners still believe that the best way to ease traffic congestion is to build more roads，especially roads that can take drivers around or over crowded city streetsBut such techniques do not really keep cars off the road；they only accommodate more of them5 Other, more forwardthinking，planners know that more and more drivers and cars are taking to the roads every day，and they are unwilling to encourage more private automobiles when public transport is SO much better both for people and the environmentFor this reason, the American government has decided to spend some $7 billion on helping to increase capacity on public-transport systems and upgrade them with more efficient technologiesBut environmentalists complain that such funding is tiny compared with the$50 billion being spent on roads and bridges25. Paragraph 3 _A. Paying to get inB. A solution which is no solutionC. Changing work practiceD. Closing city centers to trafficE. Not doing enoughF. A global problem【解题思路】第一步：本题考查第三段的段落大意，找到第三段的中心句，为第一句：Another way to reduce rushhour traffic is for employers to implement flextime，which lets employees travel to and from work at off-peak traffic times to avoid the rush hour第二步：对比各选项信息和中心句，中心句说：另外一个减少高峰时期堵车的问题就是采用弹性工作时间（flextime），比较几个选项，C选项说Changing work practice，改变工作时间，和这一句表达的意思一样。所以本题答案为C选项。26. Paragraph 4_A. Paying to get inB. A solution which is no solutionC. Changing work practiceD. Closing city centres to trafficE. Not doing enoughF. A global problem【解题思路】第一步：本题考查第四段的段落大意，本题中心句不明显。第二步：分析原文。第一句说到了Some urban planners still believe that the best way to ease traffic congestion is to build more roads，很多人认为解决交通拥堵的最好方式就是多修路。接着第二句用一个转折词but，但是这个方法不仅没有改变拥堵，反而引来更多的车子（accommodate more of them）。所以这是一个没有解决问题的解决方式，A solution which is no solution。B选项符合原文表述的意思，所以本题答案为B选项。27. Most American drivers think it convenient to_A. reduce traffic jamsB. spend more moneyC. drive aroundD. travel regularlyE. go by busF. encourage more private cars【解题思路】第一步：划出题干的信息词：American drivers，convenient。第二步：信息词回归原文，定位到第一段最后一句，convenient的名词形式convenience出现在句中：While alternative ways of getting around are available, most people still choose their cars because they are looking for convenience, comfort and privacy第三步：对比题干和原文信息，原文中说，许多司机为了图方便，还是选择自己开车外出（choose their cars），这和C选项的drive around表达的意思一致，所以本题答案为C选项。29. Building more roads is not an effective way to_A. reduce traffic jamsB. spend more moneyC. drive aroundD. travel regularlyE. go by busF. encourage more private cars【解题思路】第一步：划出题干的信息词：Building more roads，effective way。第二步：信息词回归原文，定位到第三段第一句：Some urban planners still believe that the best way to ease traffic congestion is to build more roads第三步：对比题干和原文信息，原文中说到了ease traffic congestion，和选项E的reduce traffic jams为同义改写，都是说的是通过多修路来环节交通拥堵这个方法。我们从做过的26题可以看出，这方法并没有解决问题，所以他不是一个可行的办法，符合题目要求的not an effective way。本题答案为A选项。四、阅读理解1、阅读理解解题要点（1）掌握查读法技巧在阅读理解题型中的总体运用思路。（2）掌握特殊疑问词题、补全成分题、which题等细节类题目的题型特点和解题方法。（3）熟悉推断题、主旨大意题、作者态度题的考查方式，能够运用一定的综合理解能力去解题。Tips：阅读理解，除了关键词还原，还要解析句子，包括解析句子本身的信息，句子与句子之间的联系，以及上下文之间的关系（更多精彩内容登陆考职称网）2、真题评讲（挑选了第三篇阅读理解进行讲解）Making a Loss Is the Height of Fashion Given that a good year in the haute couture（高级定制女装）business is one where you lose even more money than usual, the prevailing mood in Paris last week was sensational. The big-name designers were falling over themselves to boast of how many outfits they had sold at below cost price, and how this proved that the fashion business was healthier than ever. JeanPaul Gaultier reported record sales. “but we dont make any money out of it, the designer assured journalists backstage“No maker how successful you are, you cant make a profit from couture, ”explained JeanJacques Picart, a veteran fashion PR man, and cofounder of the nowbankrupt Lacroix house. Almost 20 years have passed since the unusual economics of the couture business were first exposed. Outraged that he was losing money on evening dresses costing tens of thousands of pounds, the couturier Jean-Louis Scherrer published of his costs. One outfit he described curtained over half a mile of gold thread. 1 8,000sequins（亮片）, and had required hundreds of hours of handstitching in an atelier(制作室). A fair price would have been 50,000, but the couturier could only get 35,000 for it. Rather than riding high on the foolishness of the superrich，he and his team could barely feed their hungry families. The result was an outcry and the first of a series of government-and industrysponsored inquiries into the surreal(超现实的)world of ultimate fashion. The trade continues to insist that couture offers you more than you pay for, but its not as simple as that. When such a temple of old wealth starts talking about value for money, it isnt to convince anyone that dresses costing as much as houses are a bargain. Rather, it is to preserve the peculiar mystique(神秘), lucrative(利润丰厚的)associations and threatened interests that couture represents. Essentially, the arguments couldnt be simpler. On one side are those who say that the business will die if it doesnt change. On the other are those who say it will die if it is highly dated. Huge in its costs, tiny in its clientele and questionable in its influence, it still remains one of the great themes of Parisian life. In his book, The Fashion Conspiracy, Nicholas Coleridge estimates that the entire couture industry rests on the whims(一时兴起)of less than 30 immensely wealthy women，and although the number may have grown in recent years with the new prosperity of Asia, the number of couture customers worldwide is no more than 4,000. To qualify as couture, a garment must be entirely handmade by one of the 11 Paris couture houses registered to the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture. Each house must employ at least 20 people. and show a minimum of 75 new designs a year. So far, so traditional, but the Big Four operatorsChanel, Dior, Givenchy and Gaultierincreasingly use couture as a marketing device for their far more profitable readytowear, fragrance and accessory lines. 41. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?A. The haute couture business is expanding quickly.B. The haute couture designers make much profit in their sales.C. The haute couture designers claim losses in their sales.D. The haute couture businessmen are happy with their profit.【解题思路】第一步：划出题干信息词the main idea，first paragraph。本题问的是第一段的段落大意。第二步：直接回到第一段。重点查看本段的中心句内容，第一句：Given that a good year in the haute couture（高级定制女装）business is one where you lose even more money than usual, the prevailing mood in Paris last week was sensational.本句说了即使今年对高级定制女装来说是一个好年头，你的损失也会比以往更多。重点突出了一个lose even more money，也就是亏本。第三步：对比选项和原文信息，A选项说高级定制女装行业发展很快，不符合原文意思，B选项说高级定制女装的设计者在他们的销售中获得了很多利润，也不符合原文表达的意思。D选项说高级定制女装行业的商人们对他们目前的利润感到很满足，高兴，也不符合原文的意思。C选项说高级定制女装的设计者们都声称他们在销售中损失了钱，注意其中有一个losses in their sales，和原文当中的lose even more money为同义改写，C选项表达了本段的主要意思。所以本题答案为C选项。42. According to the second paragraph, Jean-Louis ScherrerA. was very angry as he was losing money.B. was in a worse financial position than other couturiers.C. was one of the best-know couturiers.D. stopped producing haute couture dresses.【解题思路】第一步：划出题干的信息词：Jean-Louis Scherrer，the second paragraph。第二步：根据信息词回归原文，题目明确说到了根据第二段作答，第二段主要在描述Jean-Louis Scherrer这个人和他的团队感觉高级定制服装让他们更加入不敷出，最后一句明确提到了他的窘迫的经济现状he and his team could barely feed their hungry families，甚至不能够养活自己了。第三步：比较分析几个选项，A选项说和其他高级定制女装行业的人相比，Jean-Louis Scherrer的经济状况更加窘迫（in a worse financial position），符合原文表述的意思，所以本题答案为B选项。43. The writer says that the outfit Jean-Louis Scherrer describedA. was worth the price that was paid for it.B. cost more to make than it should have.C. was never sold to anyone.D. should have cost the customer more than it did.【解题思路】第一步：划出题干的信息词：outfit，Jean-Louis Scherrer，described。第二步：根据信息词回归原文，本题还是回到第二段，本段中Jean-Louis Scherrer用了一些数字信息来算了一笔账，the couturier Jean-Louis Scherrer published of his costs. 接下来开始算成本和收入One outfit he described curtained over half a mile of gold thread. 1 8,000sequins（亮片）, and had required hundreds of hours of handstitching in an atelier(制作室). 然后说到了，一件高级女装按照他们的制作方法和用材，应该要卖50,000才合理，但是只卖了35,000（A fair price would have been 50,000, but the couturier could only get 35,000 for it.）从这里可以看出他的意思是，这个衣服不应该才卖这么一点钱，价格应该更高才对，所以他才会损失很多钱。第三步：比较几个选项，D选项说他认为他所描述的这种服装应该让顾客掏更多钱（cost the customer more）才合理，符合原文表达的意思，所以本题答案为D选项。44. The writer says in Paragraph 4 that there is disagreement overA. the history of haute couture.B. the future of haute couture.C. the real costs of haute couture.D. the changes that need to be made in haute couture.【解题思路】第一步：划出题干的信息词：disagreement，Paragraph 4。第二步：信息词回归原文，本题明确说到了根据第4段作答，disagreement的意思是争论，争议，本段开头出现了一个同义改写词argument，后面提到了双方的观点On one side are those who say that the business will die if it doesnt change.一方如果不改变的话，这个行业就会消亡，另一边说如果现在的方式太陈旧的话，这个行业也会消亡。所以他们争议的焦点就是在应对这种改变上面。第三步：分析几个选项，A选项说他们争论的焦点是这个行业的历史，B选项说是这个行业的未来，C选项说这个行业的真正成本，D选项说这个行业需要改变，出现了changes这个词，与原文相符，所以本题答案为D选项。45. What is the writers tone toward haute couture business?A. Somewhat ironicalB. Quite supportive.C. Fairly friendly.D. Rather indifferent.【解题思路】第一步：本题问的是作者的语气（tone），其实也就是作者对这个高级定制女装行业haute couture business的态度是持什么样的态度。第二步：我们首先重点去看文章的最后一段，最后一段作者说这些衣服都是全手工制造的，每一家都必须要雇20个人以上，每一年至少还要出75个新的设计。如此传统的运营模式。但是这最大的四家制造商，比香奈儿，迪奥，纪梵希等仅仅是把定制服装作为进入市场的一种工具而已，真正的利润获得，往往在其他其经营的其他方面。从这里可以看出，作者对于高级定制女装行业的运营模式，是持一种有点讽刺意味的。第三步：比较几个选项，A选项说的是有点讽刺，B选项说的是非常支持，C选项说的是相当友好，D选项说的是漠不关心。只有A选项符合作者的语气态度。所以本题答案为A选项。五、补全短文1、补全短文解题要点（1）熟记代词（人称代词，物主代词，指示代词）的含义和用法。（2）掌握补全短文的解题技巧和方法（指代法，瞻前顾后法）。2、真题评讲（挑选了2道有代表性的题目进行讲解）Toads are Arthritis and in Pain Arthritis (关节炎) is an illness that can cause pain and swelling in your bones. Toads(蟾蜍), a big problem in the north of Australia, are suffering from painful arthritis in their legs and backbone, a new study has shown. The toads that jump the fastest are more likely to be larger and to have longer legs._ (46) The large yellow toads, native to South and Central America, were introduce into the north-eastern Australian state of Queensland in 1935 in an attempt to stop beetles and other insects from destroying sugarcane crops. Now up to 200 million of the poisonous toads exist in the country, and they are rapidly spreading though the state of Northern Territory at a rate of up to 60 km a year. The toads can now be found across more than one million square kilometers. _ (47) A Venezuelan poison virus was tried in the 1990s but had to be abandoned after it was found to also kill native frog species.The toads have severely affected ecosystems in Australia. Animals, and sometimes pots, that eat the toads die immediately from their poison, and the toads themselves eat anything they can fit inside their mouth. _ (48) A co-author of the new study, Rick Shine, a professor at the University of Sydney, says that little attention has been given to the problems that toads face. Rick and his colleagues studied nearly 500 toads from Queensland and the Northern Territory and found that those in the fatter state were very different. They were active, sprinting down toads and breeding quickly. According to the results of the study, the fastest toads travel nearly one kilometer a night. _ (49) But speed and strength come at a pricearthritis of the legs and backbone due to constant pressure placed on them.In laboratory tests, the researchers found that after about 15 minutes of hopping, arthritic toads would travel less distance with each hop(跳跃). _ (50) These toads are so programmed to move, apparently, that even when in pain the toads travelled as far as the healthy ones, continuing their constant march across the landscape.46. ( )A. Furthermore, they soon take over the natural habitats of Australias native species.B. Toads are not built to be road runners they are built to