Fuel dispenser 加油机译文.doc

Fuel dispenser加油机A fuel dispenser is a machine at a filling station that is used to pump gasoline, diesel, CNG, CGH2, HCNG, LPG, LH2, ethanol fuel, biofuels like biodiesel, kerosene, or other types of fuel into vehicles. Fuel dispensers are also known as bowsers (in Australia)., petrol pumps (in Commonwealth countries), or gas pumps (in North America). 加油机是一种放置在加油站内的，用于将汽油、柴油、压缩天然气、压缩氢气、天然气混合燃料、液化石油气、液态氢、乙醇、生物燃料、煤油以及其他类型燃料泵入机动车辆内的一种机器。在澳大利亚，加油机也被称作“bowsers”,在英联邦国家称作“petrol pumps”，在北美地区则是“gas pumps”。The first gasoline pump was invented and sold by Sylvanus F. Bowser in Fort Wayne, Indiana on September 5, 1885. This pump was not used for automobiles, as they had not been invented yet. It was instead used for some kerosene lamps and stoves. He later improved upon the pump by adding safety measures, and also by adding a hose to directly dispense fuel into automobiles. For a while, the term bowser was used to refer to a vertical gasoline pump. Although the term is not used anymore in the United States, it still is used sometimes in Australia and New Zealand. 第一台加油机是由美国印地安纳州韦恩堡市的希尔维纳斯鲍泽先生于1885年9月5日发明并用于出售的。然而由于当时汽车还没被发明出来，这台机器主要用于给当时的煤油灯和煤油灶加煤油。当汽车现世后，鲍泽先生改进了原来的加油机，主要是增加了安全措施，以及用一条管子将汽油直接注入汽车油箱。在那一段时间内，“bowser”这个词专门用于特指这种垂直式的加油机，现在尽管这种用法在美国已经消失了，但在澳大利亚和新西兰，它有时也会被发现仍然用在人们的日常生活中。Many early gasoline pumps had a calibrated glass cylinder on top. The desired quantity of fuel was pumped up into the cylinder as indicated by the calibration. Then the pumping was stopped and the gasoline was let out into the customers tank by gravity. When metering pumps came into use, a small glass globe with a turbine inside replaced the measuring cylinder but assured the customer that gasoline really was flowing into the tank. 很多早期的加油机顶上有一个标有标准刻度的玻璃量筒。需要的燃油被泵到量筒里一直到顾客指定的刻度，然后泵停止工作，量筒里的燃油凭借重力作用流到顾客的汽车油箱内。这种情况一直持续到能计量的泵的现世使用，由一种带有一个小玻璃球的涡轮代替了量筒，被用来确保流入顾客油箱内的汽油的准确量。A modern fuel dispenser is logically divided into two main parts an electronic head containing an embedded computer to control the action of the pump, drive the pumps displays, and communicate to an indoor sales system; and secondly, the mechanical section which in a self contained unit has an electric motor, pumping unit, meters, pulsers and valves to physically pump and control the fuel flow. 一台现代的加油机在逻辑上可以分为两个主要的部分：第一部分，一个电子的大脑，包括一台嵌入式的计算机用于控制泵的开关，驱动加油机的显示器，以及和后台销售系统的沟通；第二部分，一个自持的机械部分，包括一台电机，一套泵组，计量仪，脉冲发生器和阀门，在物理上控制燃油的流量。In some cases the actual pump may be sealed and immersed inside the fuel tanks on a site, in which case it is known as a submersible pump. In general submersible solutions in Europe are installed in hotter countries, where suction pumps may have problems overcoming cavitation with warm fuels or when the distance from tank to pump is longer than a suction pump can manage. 有些情况下实际的泵组会被密封地埋在油罐内部的一侧，这种情况被叫做潜油泵。通常情况下，在欧洲，这种潜入式的方案被用于一些比较热的国家，因为在那些地方，温暖的燃油所造成的空穴作用或者当油罐到加油机的距离过长时，自吸泵将无法正常工作。Flow rate is typically 40+ litres per minute and is higher for highspeed pumps serving trucks and other large vehichles. In the USA flow rate is limited to 10 gallons per minute (37.8 litres per minute)。 典型的加油机流量在40升/分钟，而当给卡车和其他大型车辆加油时，会采取更高的流量。在美国，加油机的流量被限制在10加仑/分钟（相当于37.8升/分钟）以内。Historically, fuel dispensers had a very wide range of designs to solve the mechanical problems of mechanical pumping, reliable measurement, safety, and aesthetics. This has led to some populari