2010.6.19四级真题阅读部分解析.doc

点评：此次阅读部分无论是快速，选词还是传统，都不难，比2009年那两次要简单很多，所以参加这次考试的同学应该很幸运。快速阅读网上有把8、9题答案给错的。首先8应该是用had的，因为题干的时态。9很多网络答案给了一个for在前面，错，因为seek是不和for搭配的，不信可以自己去查语法书或者字典。而且根据填空题管理，从来就不会把一个完整的词组给你割断，让你填出剩下的介词。哎，也不知道给出错误答案的做题老师是啥水平，让人心寒。传统阅读中我也认为网上有2道题的答案是明显错误的，让人发指，详细分析请看下面的真题讲解。由于此次传统阅读非常简单，所以只对稍微难一点的题进行详细讲解，简单题一带而过。快速阅读：ADCACBBhad an Internet Addictionprofessional helponline dating选词填空：GKJLH DEOFI传统阅读：DACCA BACCB说明：1. 题干中的蓝色字为此道题目定位的信号词2. 文章中的蓝色字为题干中信号词对应的定位点3. 文章中下划线句子为题目答案所在句。4. 选项中红色字为该选项的错误所在。5. 具体6大类常见干扰项在题目中简称体现如下：无中生有无推断过度推移花接木移答非所问答片面肤浅片自相矛盾自请同学们在阅读时有所参照。PASSAGE ONEYou never see them, but theyre with you every time you fly. They record where youre going, how fast youre traveling and whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally. Their ability to withstand almost any disaster makes them seem like something out of a comic book. Theyre known as the black box.When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to the Comoros Islands in the Indian Ocean June 30, 2009, the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong. So when a French submarine(潜水艇) detected the devices homing signal five days later, the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152 passengers were killed.In 1958, Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would track basic information like altitude and direction. That was the first model for a black box, which became a requirement on all U.S. commercial flights by 1960. Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the device was completely redesigned and moved to the rear of the plane-the area least subject to impact-from its original position in the landing wells(起落架舱). That same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never actually black, be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility.Modern airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which tracks pilots conversations, and a flight-data recorder, which monitors fuel levels, engine noises and other operating functions that help investigators reconstruct the aircrafts final moments. Placed in an insulated(隔绝的) case and surrounded by quarter-inch-thick panels of stainless steel, the boxes can withstand massive force and temperatures up to 2,000. When submerged, theyre also able to emit signals from depths of 20,000 ft. Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil on June 1, 2009, are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say theyre still likely to turn up. In the approximately 20 deep-sea crashes over the past 30 years, only one planes black boxes were never recovered.57. What does the author say about the black box?A) It ensures the normal functioning of an airplane. 无B) The idea for its design comes from a comic book. 无、移C) Its ability to ward off disasters is incredible. 无D) It is an indispensable device on an airplane.答案：D。此题为隐性推断题。AB相对好排除，明显的无中生有。B还有点移花接木。原文那句话只是说它的这种强大好像看起来是只能出现在漫画书中，而不是现实生活中。C和D排除起来会有难度，因为我相信大部分同学不认识C中的ward off 和 incredible 这两个词。C的意思是它防止灾难发生的能力让人难以置信。这是明显的无中生有，不过，前提是你得能猜出C的意思。Ward off 并不等于原文的withstand, 哎，基本功啊，自己去查字典。Ward off 是避开或防止某事发生的意思，而并不是能够survive的意思。所以ward off disasters的意思含有灾难压根不会发生的意思，肯定不对。D中的indispensable很多人应该不认识，是“不可或缺的”意思。对应第一段第一句话“伴随着我们的每一次飞行”。我看网上有机构把这道题的答案给成了C，无语了，大哥，如果你自己水平差不认识的话，不要乱选，请先查字典再给答案行不？要对学生负责啊！总结：此题难度4颗星，难在选项中的词上。58. What information could be found from the black box on the Yemeni airliner?A) Data for analyzing the cause of the crash.B) The total number of passengers on board. 答C) The scene of the crash and extent of the damage. 答、无D) Homing signals sent by the pilot before the crash. 无、移答案：A。细节题。定位简单，根据原文就是黑盒子的作用是找出问题所在，A为同义表达。B文章虽然在该段最后说到，但不是黑盒子中的信息，答非所问。C的坠机的场景和破坏的范围均为无中生有。D中的pilot文中没提到，再说了，homing signals也不是在坠机之前发出的，乱组合，移花接木。总结：此题难度2颗星，不解释。59. Why was the black box redesigned in 1965?A) New materials became available by that time. 无B) Too much space was needed for its installation. 无C) The early models often got damaged in the crash.D) They early models didnt provide the needed data. 无答案：C。细节题。ABD中的红字全是原文定位范围内无中生有的信息。C为原文划线句子前半句的同义表达，也是原因，故为答案。总结：此题难度1颗星。60. Why did the Federal Aviation Authority require the black boxes be painted orange or yellow?A) To distinguish them from the color of the plane. 无B) To caution people to handle them with care. 无C) To make them easily identifiable.D) To conform to international standards. 无答案：C。细节题。ABD中的飞机的颜色，小心处置和国际标准全为无中生有。C说让它们容易辨识是原文划线句子的同义表达。总结：此题难度1颗星。61. What do we know about the black boxes from Air France Flight 447?A) There is still a good chance of their being recovered.B) There is an urgent need for them to be restructured. 无C) They have stopped sending homing signals. 无D) They were destroyed somewhere near Brazil. 无答案：A。细节题。BCD中的红字为无中生有。A对应原文的划线句。总结：此题难度1颗星。PASSAGE TWOThe $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right” into positive ones like “I can succeed.” But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.The studys authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your dim friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, youre just underlining his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students self-esteem. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves “I am lovable.”Those with low self-esteem didnt feel better after the forced self-affirmation. In fact, their moods, turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who werent urged to think positive thoughts.The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy(心理治疗) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation(静思) techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking. 62. What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self-help industry?A) It is a highly profitable industry. 无、推B) It is based on the concept of positive thinking.C) It was established by Norman Vincent Peale. 无D) It has yielded positive results. 无、自答案：B。细节题。我相信很多同学会错选A。A的迷惑性确实很大。因为乍一看第一段中的110亿美元的规模，很容易联想到这行的收益很高，但原文并没有直接说这一点，所以A其实是无中生有或是自己的推断过度。B是原文划线句的同义表达，没有问题。C中说是由这个人创立的，无中生有，原文并没有说是谁创立的。D说产生积极结果，无中生有，其实通过转折判断为自相矛盾也行。总结：此题难度3颗星。A比较迷人。63. What is the finding of the Canadian researchers?A) Encouraging positive thinking may do more harm than good.B) There can be no simple therapy for psychological problems. 无C) Unhappy people cannot think positively. 无D) The power of positive thinking is limited. 无答案：A。细节题。BCD为无中生有，原文范围之内压根没提到。总结：此题难度1颗星。64. What does the author mean by “youre just underlining his faults” (Line 4, Para. 3)?A) You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough. 无B) You are pointing out the errors he has committed. 无、答C) You are emphasizing the fact that he is not intelligent.D) You are trying to make him feel better about his faults.自答案：C。句子推断题。此题有一定难度。首先大家要判断这是我课上讲的2中情况中的哪种？由于这句话汇总没有特别简单的单词，所以应该属于体会言外之意的情况。那这句话的本意是“你就是在突出他的缺点或错误”。这句话言外之意是啥呢？原文有一个词dim,很多人应该不认识，但是我们能从上下文猜出来这个修饰friend的形容词是啥意思，因为之后有一个Einstein。这个人大家都知道吧，爱因斯坦。也就是说原句为“如果你告诉你的XX朋友他有一个爱因斯坦的潜力，你就是在突出他的缺点。”所以根据逻辑（反义关系），dim应该表示笨的，愚蠢的这种意思，所以答案就是C。AD应该比较好排除。网上有机构把这道题答案给成了B。