2011-2012学年九年级英语上学期期末复习提纲 仁爱版.doc

Unit 1 Topic 1have a good summer holiday 过一个愉快的暑假 come back from 从回来see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事have / has been to 去过某地 have /has gone to 去某地了take photos 照相 by the way 顺便说take part in = join in 参加 learn (sth.) from sb.向某人学习have / live a happy/ hard / normal life 过着幸福/艰苦的/正常的生活in detail 详细地 in order to do sth. 为了做help support families 帮助养家糊口 give support to sb. / give sb. Support为某人提供帮助with the development of . 随着的发展see sth. oneself 亲眼所见 keep in touch with与.保持联系get a good education 受到良好的教育 go abroad 出国，at home and abroad 在国外 whats more. 而且in the past 在过去 at present 现在dream about+sth / doing 梦想/做in the future 在将来 in the 1960s 在二十世纪六十年代enjoy leisure activities享受闲暇的活动 many sorts of =many kinds of 许多种类的not only but also不但./.而且 make progress取得进步，取得进展happen to sb. /sth. 发生在身上 in the open air在户外draw up 拟定，起草 thanks to幸亏，由于There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.铃声响了It is important (for sb) to do sth做某事（对某人而言）是重要的重点语法（一）现在完成时：表示过去已经发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。即“过去的动作 + 现在的结果”， 强调结果。如： I have bought a new bike. (= I bought a new bike, and I have a new bike now.)我已经买了一辆新的自行车。（强调我现在有了一辆新车。） 构成形式： 助动词have / has + 动词的过去分词肯定句： I have seen the film. 我已经看过这部电影。否定句： I havent seen the film. 我没看过这部电影。一般疑问句： Have you seen the film? 你看过这部电影了吗？回答： Yes, I have. 是的，我看过了。 No, I havent. 不，我没看过。特殊疑问句： What have you done? 你已经做了什么？（二）have/ has been to与 have/ has gone tohave/ has been to + 某地， 到过某地，说话时人已经回来了。have /has gone to + 某地， 说明去了某地， 说话时人还没回来。 如：I have been to Beijing twice. 他去过北京两次。- Where is Jim? 吉姆在哪儿？- He has gone to the library? 他去图书馆了。Topic2get lost 迷路，走失 Bad luck!真倒霉！ call sb up = ring sb up给打电话So do I.我也是。 So/neither +be /情态动词/助动词 +主语. （另一个） (不)也如此。at least至少 at that time 那时 take place 发生because of 因为，由于 one-child policy 独生子女政策be strict with sb. 对某人严格要求 be strict in / about sth. 对某事严格要求any other + 单数名词 any other country 其它任何一个国家 in recent years = recently最近几年increase by +倍数或百分数 “增加了倍或百分之 increase to 增加到Whats the population of China？= Whats the number of people in China？中国有多少人口？in developing countries在发展中国家 in developed countries 在发达国家So it is. 的确是, 确实如此 carry out 实行，执行 one fifth 五分之一be short of 短缺 be short for 是的缩写 so far 到目前为止 take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事 be known as = be famous as作为而著名less than 不到，少于 more than多于 a couple of 一些，几个unless= if not.除非，如果不 work well in (doing ) sth. 在某方面起作用keep up with 赶上，跟上现在完成时常与下列表不明确的状语连用：1already 和 yetalready “已经”（多用于肯定陈述句），如：He has already gone home. 他已经回家了。yet “已经; 还”（用于否定句或疑问句），如：Have you found him yet? 你已经找到他了吗？I havent finished my homework yet. 我还没完成作业。 already 也可用于疑问句，表“出乎意料或惊奇”Have you finished your homework already? 难道你已经完成作业了？2ever 和 neverever “曾经”（多用于疑问句，问初次经历），如：I have ever been abroad. 我曾出过国。nevernever“从未；从来不”（多用于否定陈述句），常回答ever的句型。如：I have never seen him before.-Has he ever been abroad? 他曾出过国吗？-No, never. 不，从来不。3just just “刚刚”（多用于肯定句，位于谓语动词之前），如： I have just tried to call you. 我刚刚打电话给你。4beforebefore “之前”（一般位于句末；常与never呼应）， 如：He says he has never seen such beautiful scenery before. 他说他以前从来没看过这么美的风景。Topic 3get used to doing sth = be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事be used to do /for sth/doing sth 被用来做某事 used to do sth 过去常常做某事 否定：didnt use to do sth go to plays /concerts/operas去看戏剧/去听音乐会去看歌剧come for a visit来参观 as a matter of fact=in fact事实上in need 在困难时， 在贫困之中once conj. 一旦就，adv. 一次, 从前it is+ adj. +for sb to do sth. 对某人来说做 是decide on+n.v-ing = decide to do sth 决定要做某事lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人borrow sth from sb向某人借来某物provide sb.with sth. =offer sb. sth.提供给某人某物be sucessful in doing sth=succeed in doing sth 成功完成某事feel good 感到愉快或有信心 return to a normal life 重新回到正常的生活obey /disobey the rules遵守违反规则 take drugs 吸毒Project Hope 希望工程in the past+时间 在过去的里in the past sixteen years在过去的16年里the people at home and abroad 国内外的人们thousands of数以千计的hundreds of 数以百计的millions of数以百万计的aim to do sth 目标是做某事，为了做某事pay for 付款 in poor areas 在贫困地区 send to 把送到/派到现在完成时中延续性的动作或状态和由for / since 引导的一段时间状语搭配使用。a)“for + 时间段” (长达) 与 “since + 时间点”（自从以来）， 都表“一段时间”，常用How long 提问。如: -How long have you been like this? -I have been like this since last month./ for a month. -How long have you lived in Changle?-I have lived in Changle for ten years / since ten years ago.b) 如句中含有非延续性动词，则改为相应的延续性动词或状态。如：I bought this TV three days ago.= I have had this TV for three days.His cat died yesterday.= His cat has been dead since yesterday.常见的非延续性动词转换成延续性动词如下：comebe here; gobe there; closebe closed; openbe open;buyhave; borrow keep; leavebe away; beginbe on;finishbe over; diebe dead etc.构词法合成词：由两个或者更多独立的单词组合成一个单词。 如：motherland, basketball, filmmaker, birthday; hometown, greenhouse, etc.派生词：一词通过加前缀或后缀构成一个新词。 如：常见的前缀：dis-; un-; im- 表示“不”， 如：dislike（不喜欢） disappear（消失） disagree （不同意）disobey（不遵守）unhappy（不快乐） unfair（不公平） unlike（不像） unfriendly（不友好） impolite （不礼貌） impossible（不可能）re- 表示“重复”， 如：retell（复述） review（复习） rewrite（重写） return（重返）super- 表示“超”， 如：supermarket（超市） superman（超人） superstar（超级明星）mis- 表示“错误”， 如：mistake（错误） misunderstand（误解）2) 常见的后缀：名词后缀：-er, -or; -ness; -tion; - ment 如：worker（工人） player（选手） teacher（教师） driver（司机）visitor （参观者） inventor（发明者） translator （翻译者）question（问题） invention （发明） education （教育） organization（组织）movement（运动 ） agreement（同意） development（发展）形容词后缀：-ful; -ous; -less - able; -y 如：useful （有用的） careful（认真的） helpful （有帮助的） successful（成功的）dangerous（危险的） famous （著名的） delicious （可口的） serious（严肃的）homeless （无家可归的） careless（粗心的） useless（无用的）changeable （易变的） countable（可数的）cloudy （多云的） windy （有风的） sleepy（困倦的） rainy（下雨的）Unit 2 Topic 1There be+sth./sb.+doing sth. 有某人或某物正在做 pourinto向排放my goodness 我的天哪！ have/has gone不见了Its + 形容词+ for sb to do sth 做某事对某人It is difficult for me to breathe. 对我来说很难呼吸。 be harmful to=do harm to 对有害 How long have you been like this?你处于这样的状况有多久了？Ive been like this since自从以来我就这样。too much noise 太多噪音too many problems 太多问题in a bad mood心情不好 can/cant stand sb / sth / doing 能/不能容忍stand sb doing sth 容忍某人做某事stand /improve / protect the environment忍受/改善/保护环境 manage to do sth.设法做某事 try to do sth 尽力做某事write to sb. 写信给某人go /become deaf 变耳聋have hearing loss听力丧失It is reported that据报道It is said that 据说not all不是所有的都quite a few/a lot/ bit 许多，大量very few 几乎没有几个no better than “同（几乎）一样”, 和(几乎)一样坏in public 公开，公众all sorts of = all kinds of 各种各样的disturb others打扰别人with the increase in随着的增长high blood pressure高血压in many ways在很多方面as well 也in strong, changeable light 在强而多变的灯光下直接引语和间接引语在引用别人原话时，被引用的部分称为直接引语；如： “What are you reading,Jane?” Maria asked.当用自己的话转述别人的话时，被转述部分称为间接引语。如：Maria asked Jane what she was reading.直接引语和间接引语可互相转换，但要注意以下几个变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，引导词要根据句子类型的不同有所变化。1）如果直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，引导词用that或省略。如：She said, “Im very glad to have such a chance.”She said (that) she was very glad to have such a chance.2）如果是一般疑问句时，则用whether或 if。如：Maria asked Jane, “Can they get good food and medicine?”Maria asked Jane whether/ if they could get good food and medicine.3）如果是特殊疑问句时，则用相应的疑问词what, where, which, how等。如：Maria asked Jane, “ What are you reading?”Maria asked Jane what she was reading.4）如果是祈使句时，则多用动词ask, tell, order引导的不定式结构。如：Mother said to me, “ Try again.” Mother asked me to try again.“ Dont be afraid”, Tom said to Dick.Tom told Dick not to be afraid.语序的变化：若是从句，一律为陈述语序。时态的变化。1）主句为现在或将来时态时，间接引语的时态不变；如：He says, “Im tired.” He says he is tired.He will say, “ The boy was lazy.” He will say the boy was lazy.2）主句为过去时态时，间接引语则一般都有改成相应的过去时态，但表示自然科学和真理之类的仍以现在时出现。如：He said, “Im sorry.” He said he was sorry.The teacher told us, “The earth moves around the sun.” The teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.人称的变化。如：The teacher said, “John, you must bring your book to the class.” The teacher told John that he must bring his book to the class.时间状语的变化。如：nowthen; todaythat day; tonightthat night; this morningthat morning; agobefore; yesterdaythe day before;last nightthe night before; the day before yesterdaytwo days before;tomorrowthe next day; next weekthe next week.地点状语的变化。如：herethere 指示代词的变化。如：thisthat; these those动词的变化。如：come go; bring takeTopic 2as a result 结果something useful 一些有用的东西None of us likes pollution. 我们中没人喜欢污染 here and there = everywhere到处walk on grass踩草坪care for = look after = take care of照顾，照看We should do everything we can to protect the environment.我们应尽一切努力保护环境even worse甚至更糟make rules 制订规则day by day一天天in the beginning 一开始die out 灭绝 realize the importance of 意识到的重要性wash away 冲走 blow away 吹走；刮走ake away 带走turn into = change into 转变成blow strongly 吹得猛烈 cut down 砍伐stop/prevent/keep from doing sth 阻止做 human beings 人类turn off 关闭turn on 打开 turn up 开大，调大（音量等）turn down调小，关小（音量等）on earth 在地球上millions of 数以百万记refer to提到take up占去（空间）deal with 处理 不定代词和不定副词：(一) 不定代词： 指人：someone/ somebody anyone/ anybody no one/ nobody everyone/everybody 指物：something anything nothing everything（二）不定副词指地点：somewhere anywhere nowhere everywhere（三）用法：1 some-复合代词/副词常用于肯定句；如：I saw someone in the room. 我看见房间里有人。There is something in the woods. 树林里有什么东西。He has gone somewhere warm for his holiday. 他去暖和的地方度假了。2 any-复合代词/副词常用于否定句或疑问句；如：I didnt see anyone in the room. 我没看见有人在房间里。There isnt anything in the woods. 树林里没有什么东西。He hasnt gone somewhere warm for his holiday.他没去暖和的地方度假。3 no- 复合代词/副词表全否定；如：I saw nobody in the room. 我看见房间里没有人。There is nothing in the woods. 树林里没有什么东西。4 every- 复合代词/副词代替全部；如：Everyone is here. 大家都在这儿。It seems he knows everything. 似乎他知道一切。 some-复合代词/副词用于疑问句中时，表希望得到对方的肯定回答或表请求；如：Would you like something to drink? 你要点喝的东西吗？ any-复合代词/副词用于肯定句时，表“任何”；如：If people spit anywhere in public, they should be punished. 如果人们在公众的任何地方吐痰，他们应该受罚。 不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；如：No one knows this secret. 没有一人知道这个秘密。Everything goes well. 一切进展顺利。 如果有定语修饰,定语应放在不定代词或不定副词后；如：I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事告诉你。There is nobody strange here. 这儿没有一个陌生人。 no= not any nobody = not anybody; nothing = not anythingShe didnt say anything. = She said nothing. 她什么也没说。There is nobody strange here.= There isnt anybody strange here.这儿没有一个陌生人。Topic 3environmental protection环境保护protect the environment 保护环境 spread the message 宣传信息 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 not only but also 不但,而且 save money/ energy/ electricity 省钱/ 能源/ 电so that 以便 Its nice of you to do sth你做某事真是太好了 should = ought to = be supposed to do sth 应该 a greener person 一名绿色使者 instead of 代替 travel a short distance=have a short journey 短途旅行 Easier said than done.说比做容易 Actions speak louder than words.行大于言May I have your attention, please ? 请（大家）注意啦 I have sth. important to tell you.我有重要的事要告诉大家 Please be on time.请准时 Thats all.我要说的就这些 nuclear energy核能 acid rain酸雨 produce power/ electricity 发电 be used for doing sth 被用于做并列句：是由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成的句子，连词前可用逗号，也可不用逗号。1表示并列关系，常用连接词有and, not onlybut also等。如： His father is a teacher and his mother is a doctor.他的父亲是一位老师，母亲是一位医生。 Mr. Green can not only drive a car but also repair it.格林先生不但会开车而且还能修车。2表示转折，常用连词有but, while等。如：I bought my sister a present, but she didnt like it.我给妹妹买了一件礼物，但是她并不喜欢。Tom does housework every day while his sister does nothing.汤姆每天都做家务活，而他的妹妹什么也不做。3表示选择关系，常用连词有or, eitheror等。如： He speaks French, or perhaps he understands it.他会讲法语，或者懂法语。 Either he could not come or he did not want to.他要么是不能来要么是不想来。表示因果关系，常用连词有so, for等。如：Her mother is ill, so she has to stay at home and look after her mother.她母亲病了，所以她不得不呆在家里照看她。The ground is very wet, for it rained last night.地面很湿，因为昨晚下雨了。Unit 3 Topic 1贴在墙上 stick sth on the wall 来看一看come and have a look为做准备 be ready for sth 准备做某事 be ready to do sth迫不及待做某事 cant wait to do sth=cant help doing sth.有机会做某事 have a chance to do sth 练习做某事 practice doing sth能够做某事 be able to do sth 从现在起，开始 from now on设法做某事 try ones best to do sth 对满意be pleased with be satisfied with 和相似 be similar to 与.一样 be the same as 出差 on business把翻译成 translateinto 整理包pack ones bag 进行（一次）长谈 have a long conversation, have long conversations向求助 ask for help 总的来说，通常 in general =usually (毫不)费力做某事 have (no) trouble/ difficulties (in)doing sth 偶尔 once in a while作为母语 as mother tongue /first language 第二语言 second language外语 foreign language 官方语言 the official language把。分成 divide into 的总数/ 数量the number of 许多 a number of 被广泛使用 be widely used 和某人交流 communicate with sb这是事实 Its true that+ 处于领先地位 take the leading position鼓励某人做某事 encourage sb to do sth 中国制造 made in China把看作，把认为regard as. 也as well as 即使even though 受。欢迎be popular with 在。做得好do well in 一般现在时的被动语态英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。主语是动作的执行者，叫主动语态。如：We clean the classroom.我们打扫教室。主语是动作的承受者，叫被动语态。如：The classroom is cleaned (by us).教室被（我们）打扫。1 被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+（by+宾语）其中by意为“被；由”，表动作的执行者。如：The glass is broken by that boy.玻璃杯是那个男孩打破的。be有人称、数和时态的变化，其肯定式、否定式、疑问式的变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。如：English is widely spoken around the world. （肯定式）English is not widely spoken around the world. （否定式）Is English widely spoken around the world? （疑问式） Yes, it is./No, it isnt.2 被动语态的用法：（1）在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况下，可用被动语态。如：This coat is made of cotton.这件大衣是棉制的。（2）要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时，用被动语态。如：Her bike is stolen.她的自行车被偷了。3 主、被动语态的转换：主动语态：主语+及物动词谓语动词+宾语（+其它）被动语态：主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+by+宾语（+其它）注意：（1）主动、被动互转时，时态不变。（2）主动句的主语是代词的主格形式，变成被动态by的宾语时，要用宾格形式。如：(1) People grow rice in the south. Rice is grown (by people) in the south.(2) She takes care of the baby. The baby is taken care of (by her).交际用语：谈论英语的广泛使用1.-Youll have a good chance to practice speaking English there.-Youre right. 2.-But Im not good at English. Im a little afraid.-Dont worry.3.-Is Spanish similar to English?-Not really.Unit 3 Topic 2我听不懂你的话I cant follow you. 做得好 Good on ya, mate =Well done 我明天要飞往迪斯尼乐园 Im flying to Disneyland tomorrow.祝你旅行愉快 Have a good trip! 玩得开心 Enjoy yourself!一直，总是 all the time 取决于，视而定，依靠depend on (doing sth)与不同 be different from 与相同 be the same as和不同之处 differences between and 成功做某事 succeed in doing sth.使别人理解你 make sb. understood (使动用法 make sb. done ) 去飞机场的路上 on the way to the airport 送别 see sb off伸出 put out 怎么了？Whats up? 想搭车 ask for a ride 搭乘，捡起pick up 我不明白 Im puzzled. 我只是开玩笑 Im just kidding.至于某人/某物 as for sb/sth一般来说,大体上 generally speaking =in general =generally起居室 a sitting room =a living room 填表格 fill in a form =fill out a form 乘地铁 take the subway= take the underground written/oral English 书面/口头英语众所周知 as we know 发生 come about （强调原因）=happen （强调偶然性）被迫做某事 be forced to do sth 在开始时 in the beginning 渐渐地 little by little 总之 in short 采纳take in 你好吗？ How are you doing?写信给某人 write to sb. 写回信给某人 write back to sb.更糟糕的是 even worse 向某人致以最美好的祝愿 Best wishes to sb. 用现在进行时表示将来现在进行时表示将来时，常有“意图”、“安排”（但不是固定不变的）或“打算”含义。它表示最近或较近的将来，所用的动词多是位移动词。如：come, go, arrive, leave, fly, start, begin, return, open, die例：Im going.我要走了。When are you starting?你什么时候动身？Dont worry. The train is arriving here soon.别着急，火车马上就到了。表示将来的现在进行时除了用于位移动词外，亦可用于某些非位移动词。如：My uncle is meeting us tomorrow.我叔叔明天会见我们。She is buying a new bike soon.她不久将买一辆新自行车。 交际用语：谈论不同国家英语的不同点并了解交际中的身体语言1.I cant follow you. Can you speak more slowly, please?2.Oh, it sounds interesting.3.If you want to succeed in making yourself understood, you need to know some of these differences4.-Whats up? -The foreigner is asking for a ride.5.Generally speaking, American English is different from British English in pronunciation and spelling.Unit 3 Topic 3使别人理解你 make yourself understood 陷入困境 ， 很尴尬 get into trouble和某人会谈 have conversations with sb 在努力，致力于 work hard at.同意某人的看法 agree with sb. 英语口语 oral/spoken English 公开地， 公然地 ,在公共场合 in public 犯困 feel sleepy担心期末考 be afraid of the final test 有时 at times = sometimes = once in a while向某人求助 ask sb for help = turn to sb for help想要做某事 feel like doing sth=want to do sth.=would like to do sth.放弃 give up 写日记 keep a diary 请再说一遍 I beg your pardon.给某人一些关于.建议 give sb some advice建议某人做某事 advise sb to do sth在方面很差/弱 be weak in 担心犯错 be afraid of making mistakes理解课文大意 get the main idea of the article深呼吸 take a deep breath 正确发音 get the pronunciation right 做听力训练 do some listening practice做最佳时间 the best time to do sth. 开班会 hold a class meeting和某人分享share sth. with sb. 谢谢你的倾听 Thank you for（your）listening. 做某事感到荣幸 Its an honor to do sth. 尽可能经常 as often as possible 就这些 Thats all. 记住去做某事 remember to do sth. 记住做过某事 remember doing sth.坚持做某事 stick to doing sth / keep on doing sth.起初 at first 嘲笑某人 laugh at sb. 造（完整的）句子 make (complete) sentences 为了做某事 in order to do sth./so that +句子 逐渐意识到come to realize最后，但同样重要的 Last but not leastwh- +to dowh-是指when, where, which, who(m)及how等连接词，它们和动词不定式连用，即为wh- +to do结构。这种结构在句中常作主语、表语和宾语，作宾语时可以转换为宾语从句。(对于谓语动词来说，wh- +to do这个不定式动词的动作是个尚未发生的动作，所以在转换成宾语从句时，通常须加情态动词或用将来时表示未来。)如：I dont know what to do.=I dont know what I should do. She cant decide which to buy.=she cant decide which