八年级初二英语主要内容第四单元.doc

Unit 4 How do you get to school?一 短语归纳 take the subway = go to by subway 搭地铁 take the train = go to by train 坐火车 take a bus = go to by bus = go to on a bus 乘坐公共汽车 take a taxi = go to by taxi 坐的士ride a bike / bicycle = go to by bike / bicycle骑自行车 walk = go to on foot 步行take a car = go to in a car = go to by car 坐汽车get to school 到达学校 10 kilometers from school 离学校10公里（远） from his home to school 从他家到学校how 用于提问状态和交通工具怎样 how long（用于提问时间段）多长（时间） how often（用于提问频率）多how far （用于提问距离）多远 how many（用于提问数量）多少how much（用于提问数量/价钱）多少/多少钱 have a quick breakfast快速地吃早餐 leave for school 出发去学校 the early bus 早班车 take sb. to school 带某人去学校 bus ride 搭公车的路程 bus stop 公车亭 bus station 公车站train station 火车站 subway station 地铁站 think of 认为 around the world=all over the world 遍及全世界 in North America 在北美洲on the school bus 乘/坐校车 in other parts of the world 在世界上的其他地方 the other （两者中的）另一个 others = other (students) 其他的（学生） things are different 情况不同 be different from 与不同 be the same as 与一样 make a difference 产生差异 depend on 取决于/依赖/依靠must be 肯定/一定是 go to school by boat = take a boat to school 坐船去上学 the most popular ways 最流行的方式means of transportation 交通方式 a small number of 小部分的a large / great number of 大多数的 ill in the hospital生病住院 worry about sb. /sth. 担心某人/某事二 固定结构1. It takes / took (sb.) some time to do sth.2. 做某事花了某人时间 / 某人花了时间做某事It takes me 20 minutes to finish all my homework. 我花了20分钟的时间完成了所有的作业。 It took him 2 years to finish making the movie. 他花了两年的时间制作了这部电影。 此句子结构可等同于： sb. spend / spent some time on sth. 某人花了时间在某事上 sb. spend / spent some time (in) doing sth. 某人花了做某事It takes me 20 minutes to finish all my homework.= I spend 20 minutes on all my homework.= I spend 20 minutes (in) doing all my homework.It took him 2 years to finish making the movie.= I spent 2 years on the movie. = He spent 2 years (in) making the movie. 重点句子1. How do you get to school? I ride my bike to school.2. How long does it take?It takes about 25 minutes to walk and 10 minutes by bus.3. How long does it take you to ride your bike to school? It takes me 35 minutes to ride my bike to school.4. How far is it (from his home to school)? =How far do you live from school? It is three miles (from his home to school).5. What do think of the transportation in your town? = How do you like the transportation in your town? What do you think of ? 你对的看法怎样？ = How do you like ? 你认为怎样？ 6. That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus! 那肯定比坐公车更有趣的多！7. A small number of students take a subway.8. Dont worry.别担心。四 句子结构拓展1. It depends on where you are. 取决于你在哪里。 这是一个宾语从句。在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。I know. He comes from Spain. I know he comes from Spain.I want to know.Where does he come from?I want to know where he comes from. 2. In places (where there are rivers and lakes), students usually go to school by boat. (在有河流和湖泊的)地方，学生通常都坐船去上学。这是一个定语从句。where there are rivers and lakes 是定语，修饰前面的名词place. The girl (who speaks French) is my classmate. 那个（说法语的）女孩是我的同班同学。 若定语从句修饰的名词（先行词）是人物，则用关系代词who连接. He wants to live in a place (where there are flowers and grass). 他想住在有花有草的地方。若定语从句修饰的名词（先行词）是地点，则用关系副词where连接八年级下册Unit 5 单元笔记I语法小结一. if条件句1. if条件句：条件句用于陈述语气，表示假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是“如果”的意思。 构成 条件从句 主句 时态 If一般现在时 主语shall/will+动词原形 例句 If he comes, he will take us to the zoo. 2. 用法：(1)条件状语从句通常由连词if引导，意为“如果、假如”.主句用shall或will。If you leave now, you will never regret it. (2)if “如果”，引导条件状语从句，if从句则用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。以上用法简称为“主将从现”。If it rains tomorrow, I wont climb the hills. If I go to college, I will never become a great soccer player.注意宾语从句中的if与条件状语从句if的区别。宾语从句中的if译为“是否”,而本单元条件状语从句中的if译为“如果”I dont know if it will rain tomorrow. If it rains, I will have to stay at home我不知道明天是否会下雨.如果明天下雨的话，我将不得不呆在家里。二. 现在进行时表示将来的时间1. 用be doing表示将来：主要意义是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用于位置转移的动词，如：go，come，leave，arrive等， 也可用于其他动作动词，如：We are having fish for dinner. 我们晚饭吃鱼。We are moving to a different hotel the day after tomorrow. 后天我们会去另外一个旅馆。II.重点难点分析1. too much 和 much tootoo much 后接不可数名词，用来表示数量太多，意思是“太多了（数量多）”；much too后接形容词，用来说明程度的，意思是“太（程度深）”much too heavy 太重了 （表程度）错误：He has drunk much too water.正确：He has drunk too much water. 他喝了太多的水。2. be famous for 和 be famous asbe famous for表示“因而出名”， for后接表示出名的原因；be famous as则表示“作为而著名”，as 后接职业、身份或地位，表示作为职业、身份或地位是著名的，如：France is famous for its fine food and wine. 法国以其佳肴和美酒著名。Li Yang is famous as an English teacher 李阳作为一名英语教师而著名。3.I want you to remember the rules for school parties.我想让你记住参加学校聚会的规则。want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事 4. travel around the world 周游世界Her dream is to travel around China. 她的梦想是周游全中国。 5. If we have it today, half the class wont come.如果我们今天开聚会，全班有一半的同学将不来参加。wont 是 will not 的缩写，if 从句用一般现在时，主语用一般将来时。6.reasons for becoming a professional athlete 赞同成为一名职业运动员的理由for prep. （表示赞成、支持），其反义词为against Are you for his plan or against it? 你是赞成还是反对他的计划？Which team did you vote for? 你投票给哪一个队（组）？7.reasons against becoming a professional athlete反对成为一名职业运动员的理由。against prep. 反对，与对抗注意：介词后面用名词或动词ing的形式 Are you against my plan? 你反对我的计划吗？ Our school played against No.1 Middle School at basketball yesterday. 我校和一中昨天比赛篮球。8.begin the story with the words.以这些话开头讲这个故事。begin with “以开始（开头）”eg. The word begins with “s”.这个词以“s”开头。 Does he know that a year begins with January?9.consequence 后果、结果 We should consider the consequences before doing. 10. have a great time 玩得高兴11.take away 运走，取走 Dont take it away. Ill use it.不要将它拿走，我要用。 12. make a living谋生 He makes living as a driver. 他以开车谋生。13. make money 挣钱 After he became famous, he made lots of money.14. let in 允许进入，嵌入 Dont let the beggar in. 不要让那个乞丐进来。III.课文详解1. For many young people, becoming a professional athlete might seem like a dream job.对许多年青人来说，成为一名职业运动员可能似乎是一份理想的职业。might (表示可能性，推测) She might win the prize .她或许会获得那个奖。The child might be home already.那孩子说不定已回家了。seem like+ 名词 好像，似乎 It seems like years since we last met. 我们似乎好几年不见了。2. Youll be able to make a living doing something you love.你能做你喜欢的事来谋生。be able to +动词原形，“有能力做某事”e.g. She is able to learn English well. 她能学好英语。 Doing something you love.做你喜爱的事。3. People all over the world will know you.全世界的人将会认识你。 all over the world “全世界” 作定语，修饰它前面的名词people。4. This is a great chance that many people do not have.这是一个许多人所不能得到的难得的机会。that many people do not have是一个定语从句，修饰它前面的chance。5、Watch you all the time and follow you everywhere一直看着你你走到哪都跟着你。all the time 一直Look! The monkeys are running and jumping all the time.看，猴子们一直在跑在跳。everywhere 副词（adv.）到处The dog foll