初中语法：现在完成时.doc

现在完成时一 含义：表示到目前为止已经完成的动作或存在的状态。 二 结构：助动词have/ has + 过去分词done 肯定句： 主语+ have/ has + 过去分词done否定句： 主语+ have/ has + not + 过去分词done一般疑问句： Have/ Has + 主语 + 过去分词done简略答语： Yes, 主语 + have/ has. No, 主语 + havent / hasnt. 过去分词：1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则： (1). 一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”: work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited (2). 以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”: live-lived-lived , (3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i ，再加“ ed ”: study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”: stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped 2. 不规则动词三 用法1. 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，有以下四大标志词: already, just和yet：He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。 He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。 He hasnt come back yet.他还没有回来。 ever和never：This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。He has never been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京。 以动作发生的次数为标志 He says he has been to the USA three times. so far，before, recently, lately He has bought a new car recently. I havent heard from him Jane lately. Scientists havent found the cure of AIDS so far. 现在完成时不能和明确表示过去时间的状语连用，如ago, yesterday, last year, at that time, then等。 2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的, 持续到现在的动作, 常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子），或 how long连用: for + 时段 Mary has been ill for three days. since + 过去一个时间点（译为：自从以来） He has been a teacher since 1998. since + 时段 + ago He has studied English since 4 years ago. since + 从句（过去时） I have lived here since I was born. It is + 时段 + since + 从句（过去时） It is three days since he arrived here. 非延续性动词leave, arrive, come, go, return, join, die, buy, borrow等的完成时，在肯定句中不能与for 或 since等引导的时间段连用：他到这里三天了。He has arrived here for three days.He has been here for three days. It is three days since he arrived here. It has been three days since he arrived here. 四. Have gone to, have been to, 与have been in的区别 have/has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai. have/has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）My father has been to Shanghai. have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.【练一练】句型转换：1. He has already gone home. He _ _ home _. (否定句) _ he _ home _? (疑问句)2. He has lunch at home.He _ _ lunch at home. (否定句)_ he _ lunch at home? (疑问句)3. He has been there twice. _ _ _ _ he been there? (划线提问)4. I have lunch at school._ _ you _ lunch. (划线提问)用never, ever, already, yet, for, since填空1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _ finished his homework _ an hour ago.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years.4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.”翻译下列句子：1. 他们已经打扫了教室吗？2. 我们已经认识有二十年了。3. 打那以后，她一直住在这。4. “你曾经到过那里吗？” “不，我从来没到过那里。” 5. 我父亲以前到过长城。6. 我来到海南已经一周了。7. 他这些天上哪儿去了？五现在完成时与一般过去时的区别一般过去时所表示的事情纯属过去，与现在情况没有关系。现在完成时所表示的事情与现在情况有关系，是过去发生的事情对现在产生的结果或对现在的影响，或一直持续着：I have lost my Nokia X7. (= I lost my Nokia X7 and I have no Nokia X7 now. )He bought a house 10 years ago. 十年前他买了栋房子。（现在是否还拥有那栋房子就说不定了）He has bought a house. 他已经买了房子。（到说话的这时候他仍然拥有那栋房子）【练一练】用适当的时态填空：1. Shes _ (live) here ever since she was ten.2. Both of them _ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3. Both of them _ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour _ (pass) since the train _ (leave).5. Mary_(lose) her pen. _ you _ (see) it here and there?6. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?7. -Are you thirsty?-No I _ just _ (have) some orange.8. We _already _ (return) the book.9. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village?10. I _(not finish) my