专四阅读详解 来而不往非礼也.doc

星期1 MondayCourtesy on one side only lasts not long.来而不往非礼也。学习内容题 材词 数建议时间错误统计做题备忘Text A网络贸易3905.5分钟 /5Text B社会观点3795.5分钟 /5 Text C政治领袖5107分钟 /5Text D社会管理5447分钟 /5今日练习Text AIn the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because business people typically know what product theyre looking for. Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability. “Businessmen need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier,” says senior analyst Blame Erwin of Forrester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the companys private intranet.Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing. Until recently, Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to “pull” customers into sites. In the past years, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to “push” information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers. Most notably, the PointCast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers computer monitors. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a companys Website. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, product offerings, or other events. But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users. Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request. Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction between the Web and television fades. Thats a prospect that horrifies Net purists.But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, A, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. And the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. People looking back 5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge.1. We learn from the beginning of the passage that Web business A has been striving to expand its market.B intended to follow a fanciful fashion.C tried but in vain to control the market.D has been booming for one year or so.2. Speaking the online technology available for marketing, the author implies thatA the technology is popular with many Web users.B businesses have faith in the reliability of online transactions.C there is a radical change in marketing strategy.D it is limitedly accessible to established partners.3. In the view of Net purists，A there should be no marketing messages in online cultures. B money making should be given priority to the Web.C the Web should be able to function as the television set.D there should be no online commercial information without requests.4. All the following are the factors in attracting online customers EXCEPTA interactivity. B enthusiasm. C sureness. D seriousness.5. The purpose of the author in writing the passage is A to urge active participation in online business.B to elaborate on various marketing strategies.C to compare Web business with traditional commerce.D to illustrate the transition from the “pull” to “push” strategy.Text BDid the Ancient Greeks and Romans have a sense of fashion? Historians of dress have traditionally claimed that fashion in the modern sense did not exist in Greece and Rome, but this assertion rests upon a misconception of rather sophisticated Greco-Roman attitude toward physical appearance, as well as upon definitions of “dress” and “fashion” that are too limited.As is abundantly clear from their art and literature, the ancients attached great importance to ideals of bodily perfection and to outward appearance in general. Both the Greeks and the Romans demonstrated, from their early history, an extraordinary awareness of the potential of the body(and various modifications that could be made to it) as a means of marking social, political, religious, and even moral distinctions, aside from the opportunities dress and body decoration represent for self-expression or the pursuit of beauty. The ancients manipulated the expressive potential of clothing and adornments in a variety of contexts: in their rituals, in theatre, and in the political arena, as well as in literature. There is also considerable evidence of innovation, experimentation, and the determined expression of personal style, even in Republic Rome where societal norms or expectations were apparently rigid in regard to clothing, correct grooming, or the use of jewelry, perfume or cosmetics.“Fashion” may be said to consist any of four forms. First, there is a conscious manipulation of dress that strives for effect, a “momentary instance” of fashion, “fashion statement” or “fad”. Second, fashion may designate innovations in dress that are more enduring than simple fads. Some of these changes occur abruptly, whether due to political upheavals, economic fluctuations, or even the sudden abundance (or scarcity) of certain materials; other innovations may develop more deliberately. Third is the phenomenon whereby styles in a particular area of dress change swiftly and repeatedly, with the new ones replacing the old in rapid succession. Finally fashion may refer specifically to the use of such adornments as cosmetics, fragrance, and jewelry, whose primary purpose is to enhance a wearers natural features. Primarily considered the preserve of women, this aspect also plays a significant role in the lives of men, especially in the male-dominated societies of Greece and Rome, in which the “correct” appearance was often a necessity of a mans political success.6. According to the author, Ancient Greeks and Romans A had a sense of fashion.B did not have a sense of fashion.C had many misconceptions about fashion.D had a limited definition of fashion.7. Greeks and Romans were aware of the potential of modifications to the body to A help develop a sense of fashion.B break societal norms.C help develop society.D mark various distinctions. 8. Which of the following may lead to enduring innovations in dress?A A fad.B Changing tastes of the public.C A sudden scarcity of a particular material.D The passage of time.9. Why did the fourth aspect play a significant role in the lives of men in Ancient Greece and Rome?A Because men had a sense of fashion. B Because jewelry was primarily the preserve of women.C Because grooming was particularly important in ancient societies.D Because political success could depend on a mans appearance.10. According to the passage, the author seems to agree thatA fashion is about more than just clothes.B many people fail to recognize the value of fashion.C the Ancient Greeks had the most developed sense of fashion.D humans have had a sense of fashion since the dawn of civilization.Text CMahmud Abbas (Abu Mazen) is a founder of the Fatah. He was born in 1935 in Safad, Palestine. Ha fled with his family to Syria in 1948. While earning his BA in Law, he began working as an activist and later began to organize Palestinian groups while working in Qater. He joined the Central Committee, and returned to Syria. He had a key role in dealing with Fatah finances. He is a member of the Palestine National Council since 1968, when Fatah took over the PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization). He gained a PhD from Moscow Oriental College in history Zionism(犹太复国主义). Later, he led unofficial negotiations with Israeli peace activist that produced the announcement of “principles of peace” on January 1, 1977, but this position was not adopted by the Fatah at the time. He is a member of the PLO executive committee since April 1981, and assumed the Occupied Territories portfolio(部长职位) after assassination of Abu Jihad. Abu Mazen also served as PLO head of international relations from 1984-2000.In 1989 he began secret talks with Israelis through Dutch intermediaries and coordinated overall negotiating strategy during the Madrid process. He oversaw the negotiations that led to Oslo Accords, and signed the declaration of Principles on behalf of PLO. Abu Mazen has headed the PLOs Negotiating Affairs Department from its creation in 1994. He returned to Palestine in July 1995, and then negotiated a draft agreement with Yossi Beilin called the “Beilin-Mazen Agreement.” This agreement was to be the basis of the final settlement, and included sharing of Jerusalem, and exchange of about 5 to 7% of territories. The draft agreement was concluded just before the assassination of Itzhak Rabin, and was never approved by the Israeli government. It was subsequently repudiated by the Abu Mazen.Following Arafats death, Mahmoud Abbas was selected as the chairman of the PLO. On 9 January 2005, he was elected as President of the Palestinian Authority, and was sworn in on 15 January 2005. Much media praised Abbas as a “moderate leader” who is expected internationally to lead Palestine to peace.The spoken or written statements by Abbas reveal aspects of his world outlook and form a self-portrait of the former PA Prime Minister and the ruling PA President. He considered: the armed struggle necessitates certain conditions and opportunities that do not exist for us in Palestine. We cannot equate what is happening in Palestine with what is going on in Lebanon or Algeria. Therefore military actions under these circumstances and means are ineffective. For this reason, we stated that we have no choice but to stop it for a year, which is not a submission from our point of view. However, on the other hand, the military action must continue, along with the right of the Palestine people to rise up and use whatever it can to protect its existence and being. I add and say that if the Israelis come to our land and establish a settlement, it is within your rights to protect what is yours with every means and weapons, when they come to your homes.11. We learn from the passage that the “principles of peace”A were not signed yet.B were signed when Abbas negotiated with Matityahu.C were implemented by the government at last.D led to the assassination of Abu Jihad.12. According to the passage the Beilin- Mazen Agreement A was finally approved due to the Dutchs meditation.B was the result of the Oslo Accords.C led to the assassination of the Ithak Rabin.D was abandoned by Abbas himself at last.13. Abbas attitude towards armed struggle in present situation was A opposite. B supportive.C vague. D implicit.14. Which of the following is NOT in line with Abbas opinion?A Condition and opportunity are prerequisite of launching a military action.B The military condition in Palestine is different from that in Israel and Lebanon.C Military actions in Palestine will be ineffective.D Palestinians can adopt every means to protect themselves once invaded.15. Which of the following words can NOT be used to describe Abbas?A Just. B Wise.C Strategic. D Tough.Text DIdentifying, registering and protecting intellectual property rights have emerged as one of the key drivers of business competitiveness in the 21st century. Yet there is growing uncertainty about how that can best be achieved.Almost all big manufacturers have now moved into the provision of services alongside their traditional activities, often as a way of expanding the value of patented technology. But finding ways of exploiting the value of research, products or brands is one thing, preventing competitors from muscling in on the act is another.Pharmaceutical companies are having severe problems coping with copycat manufacturing by rivals in India and Egypt and elsewhere that provides cheap medicines for local people, but contribute little or nothing towards the research costs of the drugs.For pharmaceutical companies, of course, the legal problem of enforcing patents is complicated by the public relations problems that flow from any action that tends to raise drug prices in the under-developed world.But it is not only big business that faces problems. Several writers have had to take court action to recover the use of their own names from websites that have registered them and then tried to sell the rights back or sought a cut of future sales revenue.If the battleground of this business war is the rights that people and companies have to exploit their own work, the weapons are patents, trademarks, design registrations and copyright.Yet, in many areas, the law is unclear. Debrett Lyons, head of the trademark and branding unit at Paisner & Co, the law firm, points out that brand icons, such as the Mercedes three pointed star, remained strong visual symbols throughout the 20th century, but words are now becoming much more important again because internet domain names and email addresses consist of letter strings in which logo styles play no part.There are also questions about processing times, and costs. Alison Brimelow, the senior civil servant who runs the U.K. Patent Office, is not above boasting that businesses can get a trademark out of the Patent Office about as fast as they can get an application acknowledged by its U.S. equivalent.Yet the office is being swamped with patent applications for everything from better deckchairs to sophisticated electronics. Although the timetable for getting a U.K. patent remains in line with international norms, keeping it that way is becoming increasingly difficult.Ms Brimelow, acting on the conclusions of a quinquennial review by the trade and industry department, is looking at ways of speeding things up, as well as making the system more accessible, rather than simply checking and granting monopoly rights the traditional function of the office.However, there is concern that this could undermine the efficiency and integrity of the system. David Evans, president of the Institute of Trade Mark Attorneys, says the review is encouraging a significant slackening of the safeguards for citizens and for small and medium-sized businesses.The effect will be to increase the number of conflicting marks on the register and make it increasingly difficult for citizens to determine what they may legitimately do, he says.Furthermore, says Mr. Evans, it would increase costs significantly for small-to-medium-sized business, which would have to conduct regular searches to protect their own registered rights, hitherto done by the Patent Office. 16. Which is NOT the key driver of business competitiveness in the 21st century?A Identifying intellectual property rights. B Applying intellectual property rights.C Registering intellectual property rights.D Protecting intellectual property rights. 17. What problem do pharmaceutical companies encounter? A They lose the market in India and Egypt.B Their competitors sell cheap medicines for local people.C They are short of money to research new drugs.D It is difficult for them to get the intellectual property rights.18. The processing time of getting a U.K. patent isA significantly less than that of U.S.B less than that of international norms.C becoming much longer.D less than that of getting a U.S. application.19. It becomes difficult for the U.K. Patent Office to keep the timetable becauseA there are too many applications.B the process of getting a patent is sophisticated.C both deckchairs and electronics apply for patents.D its impossible to stay in line with international norms.20. In the view of David Evans,A speeding up the processing time of the patent application would make the patent system more effective.B the quinquennial review is enhancing the safeguards for citizens and for small and medium-sized businesses.C speeding up the processing time of the patent application will increase the number of conflicting marks on the register.D the quinquennial review would decrease costs significantly for small-to-medium-sized business. 词汇难句语境词汇Text A1. revolve around 围绕着，以为中心2. tap v.引出，获取；轻拍，敲 n.轻打；水龙头3. conduct online transactions 进行网上交易4. targeted customers 目标客户5. customize v.&n.（客户）定制6. contempt n.轻视；轻蔑7. take the plunge （经过踌躇）决定冒险尝试，采取决定性步骤Text B1. misconception n.误解2. sophisticated a.老练的；精于事故的3. extraordinary a.令人惊奇的，非凡的；特别的，异常的4. modification n.修改；缓和，减轻5. adornment n.装饰；装饰品6. designate v.表明；指派；任命a.指定的7. fluctuation n.波动，变动8. scarcity n.缺乏，匮乏Text C1. assume v.承担；假定，设想；装出2. assassination n.暗杀，行刺3. intermediary n.仲裁者，调解者a.居间的，调解的4. swear vt.vi.使宣誓就任；发誓vi.诅咒5. outlook n.观点，看法；景色；前途6. submission n.归顺，服从；提交，呈送Text D1. patent vt.取得专利权n.专利a.专利的2. muscle in on 强行挤入；干涉3. pharmaceutical a.制药的；配药的4. revenue n.收入；国家的税收 5. boast vi.vt.自夸；以有而自豪n.自夸的话6. swamp vt.使忙得不可开交；沉没；淹没7. undermine vt.削弱；损毁的地基；逐渐摧毁难句突破Text A1. In the past years, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to “push” information directly o