八年级下Unit2讲义.docx

Unit2 What should I do【重点词汇】1. play v. 播放 2. loud adj. 高声的；大声的3. argue v. 争论，争吵 4. wrong adj. 错误的；有毛病的；不适合的5. could v. can的过去式 6. ticket n. 票，入场券7. surprise v. 使惊奇；使意外 8. other adj. 任一的；（两方中的）每一方的9. except prep. 除；把除外 10. fail v. 失败11. football n. 足球 12. until prep. 到为止13. fit v. 适合，适应 14. include v. 包括；包含15. send v. 发送，寄 16. themselves pron.他们自己（反身代词）【重点词组】1. keep out不让进入2. out of style不时髦的；过时的3. call sb. up打电话给4. pay for付款5. ask for要求6. the same as与同样的7. in style时髦的；流行的8. get on相处；进展9. as much as possible尽可能多10. all kinds of各种；许多11. on the one hand, （在）一方面，12. on the other hand, 另一方面，【重点句型】1. What should I do?我应该怎么做?2. You could write him a letter.你可以写信给他。3. What should he do?他应该怎么做?4. Maybe he should say hes sorry.也许他应该说抱歉。5. What should they do?他们应该怎么做?6. They shouldnt argue.他们不应该争吵。【重点语法】情态动词should的用法should是情态动词，它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，意为“应该”。should（应当，应该）用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。eg. You should wait a little more.你应该再多等一会儿。- I have a very bad cold.我感冒很厉害。- You should lie down and have a rest.你应该躺下，多喝水。在这个单元中我们还学到用“could”表示建议，这时could不是can的过去式，而表示比should更加委婉的建议。- I need some money to pay for the summer camp.- You should/ could borrow some money from your brother.【知识点讲解】1. I dont have enough money.我没有足够的钱。enough：adj.充足的、充分的，在句子中可作定语修饰名词，也可作表语。eg. Do you have enough time?Six pieces of paper will be enough.2. I argued with my best friend.我与我最好的朋友吵架了。argue with sb.意为“与争吵，争论”eg. He often argue with his classmates.3. My clothes are out of style.我的衣服过时了。be out of style / fashion表示“过时”“不合乎时尚”反义词是“be in fashion”表示“合乎时尚”eg. He is aways in fashion.The sofa is out of style, and I dont like it.4. Maybe you should call him up.（1）maybe是副词，用来表示推测，译为“也许，或许，大概”。eg. Maybe you are right.Maybe they will go out for a walk.maybe不同于may be。maybe是一个词，是副词，may be是情态动词may加上动词原形be，意为“或许”，后接形容词、名词、代词等。eg. It may be true.He may be the man we are looking for.（2）call up sb.打电话给某人eg. I called up Zhang Hong at eight oclock.原句中him为代词，所以放在call和up之间，不能说成call up him。eg. Ill call her up this afternoon.Could you ask him to call me, please.在这个句子中，省略up。5. I dont want to surprise him.我不想使他惊讶。在这句话中surprise是个行为动词，可以说成“surprise sb.”，表示“使惊讶”。eg. The news surprises us greatly.surprised adj.惊讶的surprising adj.令人惊讶的eg. Im surprised to hear the news.Its a surprising gift, and I love it.6. No, he doesnt have any money, either.不，他也没有钱。either的用法：用作副词，用在否定句或否定词组后加强语气，表示“也”，“而且”。eg. He doesnt like singing, and he doesnt like dancing, either.either用作代词时，常表示“两者之中任何一个”，常与短语连用或用作宾语。eg. Either of them will agree with you.I dont like either of the books.【重难点分析】情态动词（Modal Verbs ）* 情态动词也可称为“情态助动词 （Modal Auxiliaries）”，因为它和基本助动词（be,do, have）都属于助动词类。* 情态动词和其他动词连用，可表示说话人的语气。* 情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。* 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。* 常用的情态动词有：can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would这九大情态动词；其他的还有ought to, need, dare 等。一、九大情态动词的时态关系：1. 现在式 can - 过去式 could2. 现在式 may - 过去式 might3. 现在式 shall - 过去式 should4. 现在式 will - 过去式 would5. 现在式 must - 过去式 must （常用had to来代替）二、情态动词表示“可能”或“预测”（can, could, will, would, shall, should, must, ought to）（1）can 和 could 用于表示“可能”或“预测”：1. He cant be at home. （否定句）他不可能在家。2. Can the news be true? （将情态动词 can 置于主语 the news 前就成疑问句）这消息可能是真的吗?3. Anybody can make mistake. （只表示理论上的可能性） 任何人都可能犯错误。（2）may 和 might 用于表示“事实上的可能性”或“预测”：1. It may rain tomorrow. （表示可能会发生） 明天可能会下雨。2. It may snow later this afternoon. （表示预测） 今天下午可能会下雪。3. You might be right. （表示有可能） 你可能是对的。（3）will 和 would 用于表示“预测”或“习惯性”：1. I think he will be all right now. （will be 表示一定会）我想他现在一定好了。2. That would be his mother.（would be 表示肯定是） 那肯定是他母亲。3. He will sit there hour after hour looking at the river.（will 表示经常的）他经常一连几个小时坐在那儿看着河水。（4）shall 和 should 用于表示“必定”：1. I shall be rich one day. （shall be ） 总有一天我会发达的。2. That should be Sam and his mother. （should be） 那准是Sam 和他的母亲。（5）must 用于表示“必定”，“必会”：1. This must be good for you.（must be 肯定） 这肯定对你是有益的。2. All mankind must die.（表示必然会发生的事） 所有的人一定会死的。3. Mustnt there be a mistake? （mustnt 多用于疑问句） 那肯定会有错误吗?三、情态动词表示“许可”、“请求”（can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must）（1）can 和 could 用于表示“许可”、“请求”：1. Can I go with you? （请求） 我能跟你一起走吗?2. Father said I could go to cinema. （表示过去的许可） 爸爸说我可以去看电影。3. Could I ask you something ? （请求,用 could 比 can 更婉转） 我可以问你一件事吗?（2）will 和 would 用于表示“请求”1. Will you kindly tell me the way to the post office?（表示客气请求）请问到邮局怎么走?2. Would you give me your address? （用 would 比 will 表示更客气）请你告诉我你的地址，好吗?（3）shall 和 should 用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意见1. Shall we talk? 我们谈谈好吗?2. What should we do next? （用should 比 shall 表示更客气） 下一步我们该怎么做?3. Shall he come to see you? （用于第三人称疑问句） 要不要他来看你?（4）may 和 might 用于表示“许可”（口语中多用 can ）1. You may take a walk. （表示给予许可） 你可以散散步。2. You might read the story for me. （比may更婉转） 是否请给我读一读这故事。3.May I make a suggestion? 我可以提个建议吗?4. Might I take a look of your work? 我看看您的大作行吗?5. Students may not make noise in the library. （may not 表示不许可或禁止）学生不得在图书馆里吵闹。6. If I may say so, you are not right. （用于条件句，表示请求）你是不对的，如果我可以这么说的话。（5）must 用于表示“禁止”，“不准”：1. Cars must not be parked here. （must not表示不许可） 此地不准停车。2. All of you mustnt fishing in the pool. （must not 语气方面比 may not 更强）你们不准在池里钓鱼。四、重要短语和表达法（Key Words）1.argue v.争论；争吵 argue with sb.与某人吵架I argued with my best friend.我和我的好朋友吵架了。Dont argue with him. 别和他争吵了。2. either adv.（用于否定句）也He doesnt have any money, and I dont, either.他没有钱，我也没有。I cant play chess. She cant, either.我不会下国际象棋，她也不会。 too 也（用于肯定或疑问句）Im a teacher.He is a teacher, too.我是老师，他也是老师。We are going hiking. Are they going hiking,too?我们要去徒步旅行,他们也要去吗?3.ask （sb.）for sth.向某人寻求某物；要Dont ask for food every day.Go and find some work.别天天要饭，找点儿工作做。I dont think you should ask your parents for some money.我想你不应向父母要钱。If you have any problems, you can ask the policeman for help. 如果你有困难，可以向警察求助。He didnt want to ask his teacher for his book back. 他不想向老师要回他的书了。4.the same as. 与相同The clothes are the same as my friends.这些衣服与我朋友的一样。Tom is the same age as Anna.= Tom is as old as Anna. 汤姆和安娜一样大。Her backpack is the same as mine. 她的背包与我的一样。5.except 除以外；（不包括在内）My class has been invited except me.= Only I havent been invited.除我以外，我的同学都被邀请了。All the students went to the park except him.= Only he didnt get to the park.They all toured America except her.除了他以外，所有的学生都去美国旅行过。besides 除以外（包括在内）We all went there besides him.= He went there.We went there, too.除他去以外，我们也都去了。There are five more visitors besides me.除了我之外还有5倍访客6.wrong adj.错误的；有毛病的；不合适的Is there anything wrong with you? 你哪儿不舒服? Whats wrong with you? 你怎么了?（你哪里不舒服?） Ive got a headache.我头痛。Whats wrong with your watch? It doesnt work.你的手表怎么了?它不走了。adv.错误地；不正确地；不对地He answered wrong.他答错了。They knew they did wrong. 他们知道他们做错了。7.get on well with sb.与某人相处融洽The students will get on well with the teacher.学生会和老师相处得非常好。We get on well with each other.我们彼此相处融洽。Can she get on well with all the other students in her class?她能与她班里所有的同学相处得好吗?8.have a fight with sb.= fight with sb.与某人打架I dont want to have a fight with my cousin. 我不想和我的堂兄打架。They never fight with each other.They are really good friends.他们从不打架，他们的确是好朋友。五、主要句型（Key Sentences Structures）What should I do? You could write him a l