2011任务型阅1.doc

Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。 期末迎考任务型阅读系列训练（四）任务型阅读专项训练（一）请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注意：每空格1个单词。Possession of Private Guns in the United StatesChristmas is approaching. But shooting massacres (残杀) cast a tragic shadow over the holiday season in the US. On December 5, a gunman killed eight people, before taking his own life, at a shopping mall in Omaha, Nebraska. On December 9, five people, including the gunman, died in two attacks in Colorado. While people are busy trying to discover the killers motives (动机), another issue is causing heated debate in the country - the weapon the killers used. The US is one of just a few developed Western countries that allow private possession of guns. Any adult can buy army style weapons from a handgun to an AK-47. “The right to own arms is a part of the Constitution (宪法). Many Americans believe it to be a fundamental freedom,” said Jonathan Haagen, who worked for Teens. When the United States was still a group of colonies, they dealt with a lot of corruption (腐败) from the British. Therefore, American people considered it a great danger for the government to have control of all the weapons. Private gun ownership was important in their fight for freedom. However, with more and more killings in schools and shopping malls, lots of Americans argue that they should do away with the right to bear arms. But the National Rifle Association (NRA) said this position violates (违反) the Constitution. The NRA is fond of saying it is not guns but people who kill. In some cases, this is true. But in many other cases, owning guns is what causes the murder. According to the US Department of Justice, more than 10,000 crimes a year are committed with guns.Possession of Private Guns in the United StatesOriginal beliefPresent situationIt was (1)_ for the government alone to control all the weapons. It was important for people to own private guns to (2)_for freedom. The US is one of the few Western countries where any (3)_ has the freedom to possess private weapons. As a result, more than 10,000 crimes are committed with guns (4)_. Three attacks alone in Nebraska and Colorado in December, for example, claimed altogether (5)_ peoples lives.People have different (6)_ towards owning private guns. Those in (7)_ of owning guns believe that it is the freedom given by the Constitution. Besides, the key factor in killing is (8)_ instead of guns. (9)_, those against owing private guns argue that the right to own guns should be removed, because a(n) (10)_ number of killings occur in schools and shopping malls. 任务型阅读专项训练（二）“I have been impressed with the urgency of doing. Knowing is not enough; we must apply. Being willing is not enough; we must do.” - Leonardo da VinciIve worked in a few offices where the paperwork, endless meetings, and other bureaucracy (官僚作风)was ridiculous. Here are some ideas to get to the action and cut out the bureaucracy:1. Know what you want to get done. Often bureaucracy happens when people focus on processes and forget about what the end result should be. Where are you trying to go? Find the shortest way to get there, rather than making things complex. 2. Dont forget your priorities(重点). Keep in mind the important work your company or organization does. It almost certainly isnt paperwork or meetings (with a few exceptions, possibly). For many employees, the real work will be something else: writing articles, designing, making calls, etc. 3. Cut out processes. Are there steps and work that people have to do that can be eliminated(剔除) altogether? Keep an eye out for these processes and eliminate when possible. Every time someone is doing something routine, ask whether its really necessary. 4. Dont put off decisions. When a decision is required, try to make it quickly. Make sure you have all necessary info, know what standard youre using to make the decision, and then make the decision immediately. Have the information you need ready. If you dont have information, you cant make decisions properly. This is often the reason people put off decisions, but they dont always realize it.5. Look for action-oriented people. When hiring or selecting a team, look for people who get things done. Give them a trial and see if they tend to focus on actions and decision, or processes and paperwork. Action-oriented people will get things done more effectively.6. Reward action. Reward team members as well as yourself for action taken. Rewards could be as simple as praise or as big as a promotion or a bonus to the most action-oriented employees. These rewards tell your company or organization or yourself that action is a top priority.6 Steps to Take Action and Eliminate BureaucracyKnow your goalFind the (1) way to your destination because too much focus on (2) will make things complex.(3) your priorities.Keep in mind the (4) work your company or organization does and focus on that.Cut out processes.Be careful for the (5) processes and eliminate them all together.Dont (6) off decisions.Make urgent decision quickly with all necessary info and the (7) for your action.Look for action-oriented people.Those who tend to (8) on actions can be hired because they can finish things more (9) .Reward action.Reward team members and yourself for action taken with just praise or a (10) or a bonus.任务型阅读专项训练（四）一：1. dangers 2. fight 3. adult/ grown-up 4. annually/ yearly 5. 146. attitudes 7. favor 8. people 9. However 10. increasing / growing二：(1)shortest (2)processes (3)Remember (4) important (5) unnecessary (6) put (7) standard (8) focus (9) effectively (10) promotion任务型阅读专项训练（四）一：2. dangers 2. fight 3. adult/ grown-up 4. annually/ yearly 5. 146. attitudes 7. favor 8. people 9. However 10. increasing / growing二：(1)shortest (2)processes (3)Remember (4) important (5) unnecessary (6) put (7) standard (8) focus (9) effectively (10) promotion任务型阅读专项训练（四）一：3. dangers 2. fight 3. adult/ grown-up 4. annually/ yearly 5. 146. attitudes 7. favor 8. people 9. However 10. increasing / growing二：(1)shortest (2)processes (3)Remember (4) important (5) unnecessary (6) put (7) standard (8) focus (9) effectively (10) promotion任务型阅读专项训练（四）一：4. dangers 2. fight 3. adult/ grown-up 4. annually/ yearly 5. 146. attitudes 7. favor 8. people 9. However 10. increasing / growing二：(1)shortest (2)processes (3)Remember (4) important (5) unnecessary (6) put (7) standard (8) focus (9) effectively (10) promotion任务型阅读专项训练（三）Health experts say cancer will become the leading cause of death in the world by the year two thousand ten. The number of people who die from cancer will soon be greater than deaths from AIDS and malaria combined. The experts say more people will die from cancer than heart disease, the current leading killer.One reason for the growing deadliness of cancer is more people smoking cigarettes in developing countries. Other things are believed to be closely related to the death. They include high fat diets, fast food meals and reduced physical activity. The American Cancer Society says governments can do things to help prevent the increase in cancer cases and deaths. One idea is to provide poor and developing nations with vaccines that help to prevent some cancer-causing infections. Another suggestion is more support for tobacco-control programs. And the Cancer Society also says health officials and governments should invest in cancer research and early detection. An American study has shown a link between tobacco smoke and behavioral problems in boys with asthma(哮喘). To be considered for the study, children were supposed to be close to cigarette smoke at least five times a day. His study found the girls were breathing in more tobacco smoke than the boys. But there was no increase in behavioral problems among the girls. For the boys, the results were different. The more contact the boys had with tobacco smoke the more likely they were to have recognizable behavior problems. The boys also were more likely to have signs of emotional problems like anxiety and depression. Their findings show that even low levels of smoke may cause behavior problems in children with asthma or others at risk.Kimberly Yolton was the lead writer of the report. She says there is no information to explain in detail why tobacco smoke causes behavioral problems in children with asthma. But she says there is much evidence that nicotine in tobacco smoke affects the nervous system, and child development and behavior.Cancer to Become Worlds Leading KillerThemeCancer makes more people (1) in the world than other diseases.(2) for the phenomenon More people (3) cigarettes in developing countries.Other things like high fat diets have (4) to do with peoples health. Two (5) for governmentsThey should:(6) poor and developing nations vaccines that help to prevent some cancer-causing infections. (7) tobacco-control programs more and (8) in cancer research and early detection.Results of the Experiment Behavior problems in children with asthma or others at risk can be(9) by low level