4级作文讲座.ppt

大学英语四级考试作文讲座LecturesonCET 4EnglishWriting 一 作文讲座内容安排 第一讲 1 作文存在的障碍和问题 2 作文与词语 第二讲 1 句子的运用 2 段落基本概念 第三讲 1 应考作文的写作要求 2 应考作文的写作方法 3 句子和段落的连接手段 2 四级考试注意事项 第四讲 1 作文常用句型 1 作文存在的障碍和问题 TheStudyofEnglish Therearevariouskindsofbooks Historybookstellpeopleaboutthehistoryofhumansociety Scientificandtechnologicalbooksmakepeopleunderstandtheunknownworldandmakethesocietyprogress Booksaboutartandliteraturehelpusenjoynatureandpeople a 翻译式作文 例 Booksarebeneficialtopeople Wecanlearnallknowledgefrombooks Byreadingbookswegettoknowthingswedon tknown Alsowecanlearnthingswecan texperiencebyourselves Booksareourfriendsthatwillaccompanyusforever However somebooksareharmful Booksthattellpeopletodobadthingswillcertainlydogreatharmtous Especiallyyellowbookswillruintheyoungpeople Thesebooksarenogood Sowemustchoosebookstoread TheFirstDayICametoCollege IalwaysrememberthedayIcometocollege ItwasasunnydayandIwasveryexcited Ihavearrivedatthecollegeintheafternoon Everythinghadseemedfreshtome Thecampuswasbeautiful ThecollegewaslocatedatthefootofaMountainandwassurroundwithtrees Totheeastofitwecanseeablueriver Therearesomanyteachingbuildings ItwasherethatIwouldstudyforfouryears IthoughtthatImuststudyhardinordertoliveuptotheexpectationsofmyparentsandfriends Itistruethattherearemanychallenges butIwillprovemyselfaworthycollegestudent b 时态混杂 例 Computer Nowadayscomputersarewidelyusedinoursociety Wecanseecomputerseverywhere Manypeopleusecomputersinschoolsandcolleges Wealsousecomputersinoffices libraries banksandathome c 没啥可写 例 FailureIstheMotherofSuccess Becauseweoftenfail Nofailurenosuccess Differentpeoplehavedifferentattitudestowardfailure Failureisnatural Ifwearenotafraidoffailure itwillbecomethemotherofsuccess Failureisveryimportant Nopainsnogains Failurecanleadtosuccess Fakecommoditiesarebadtous Theynotonlyarebadtoourlife butalsotoourhealth Inastore evenasupermarket allkindoffakecommoditiesalwayscanbefound Itisveryharmfultocustomerssocietyandeventoacountry FakeCommodities Doyouliketravelling Probablyyouwillsay Yes Ilikeitverymuch That sright Traveling Ithinktravellingisreallygoodtoeveryoneofus Doyouagreewithme mydearfriend d 套用中文模式 例 AsIwasalittletiredfromthejourneytothecollege Iwenttobedearly Atmidnight Isuddenlywokeup Ifoundthattherewasnogateinthecollege TheFirstDayICametoCollege e 主题模糊 例 2 作文与词语 I mastudentofHunanUniversity I mstudyinginTumuDepartment Ilikemymajorverymuch 要能正确和恰当地用词语表达意思 首先必须意识到英语词语和汉语词语并非是一一对应的 例如 汉语的 觉得 可用英语的feel find think等词语来表达 但具体怎么用 还须依句意而定 1 他一点儿也不觉得累 2 我觉得有必要先跟他商量 3 你觉得这个计划怎么样 Whatdoyouthinkoftheplan 4 他觉得有人在注视着他们 Hedidn tfeeltiredatall Ithinkweshouldconsulthimfirst Howdoyouliketheplan Hebecameawarethatsomeonewaswatchinghim 5 他觉得有责任帮助同学 Hedeemsithisdutytohelphisfellowclassmates 6 我觉得他不会同意 Ihaveasensethathewon tagree 7 你觉得这样做合算吗 Doyoufinditpays 9 很多次我觉得自己是胜利者 AndformanytimesIfigurethatI mthewinner 8 我觉得我们会取胜 Ihaveafeelingthatwewillwin 只有通过反复实践 不断体会词语的含意和用法 掌握有关英语词语运用的一些基本要求 才能减少失误 并逐步提高表达能力 对初练写作的人而言 应适当了解正式文体与非正式文体的差异 尤其是词语的区别 试比较两个内容相同 语言却不一样的图书馆的告示 Thenumberofbooksinthelibraryhasbeengoingdown Pleasemakesureyouknowtherulesforborrowing anddon tforgetthatthelibraryisforeveryone sconvenience Sofromnowon we regoingtoenforcetherulesstrictly Youhavebeenwarned 1 Ithasbeennotedwithconcernthatthestockofbooksinthelibraryhasbeendecliningalarmingly Studentsarerequestedtoremindthemselvesoftherulesfortheborrowingandreturningofbooks andtobearinmindtheneedsofotherstudents Penaltiesforoverduebookswillinthefuturebestrictlyenforced 2 再比较下面的一些词语 endeavorcognitioncommenceterminate utterancepropositionprecedeaspire 这些词 大都用于正式的文体 如法律条款 学术论著 正式的信函等 日常用语中 则更多使用另一类词语 tryknowbeginend speechsuggestiongobeforedesire 金圣华 桥畔译谈 记得有一次在电视上看到这么一幕 外国电视剧 情景 母亲头发凌乱 儿子见状 叫母亲梳理一下 屏幕上打出的中文是 可否请你略理云鬓 词语的运用主要强凋 得体 试借用一个英译汉例子来说明什么是得体 词汇量与作文 水浒传 第二十三回 景阳冈武松打虎 中有这么一段描述 武松在路上行了几日 来到阳谷县地面 此去离县治还远 当日晌午时分 走得肚中饥渴 望见前面有个酒店 挑着一面招旗在门前 上头写着五个字道 三碗不过冈 一个 挑 字 使酒店前挂的旗子活活有了生命 英语中也不乏简单词语用得很生动的例子 大学英语 精读课本第二册有一篇题为 MyFirstJob 的课文 主人公去一学校应聘 辗转半天终于找到了学校 文中的struggle和survive都是常用词 但用得非常生动 很值得学习 Theschoolwasaredbrickhousewithbigwindows Thefrontgardenwasagravelsquare fourevergreenshrubsstoodateachcorner wheretheystruggledtosurvivethedustandfumesfromabusymainroad 有一篇四级作文 题目是 AnEarlyMorningWalk 看看一位学生的习作 OnemorningIgotupveryearly andeverythingaroundwasveryquiet Themorningstarwasstillhighupinthebluesky Nopeoplewereinsight Somewheretherecamethesingingofunknownbirds Walkingonthestreet Icouldfeelthesmelloftheearlymorning AnEarlyMorningWalk ButwhenIarrivedatthepark Isawmanypeoplethere Someboysandgirlswereplayingmerrilyonthegrass Someyoungpeopleweredoingmorningexercises SomeoldmenandwomenwerepracticingTaijiboxingbythelake Ineverexpectedthatthemorningworldwassocharming andIbecametounderstandthosepeoplewhowereenjoyingthemselvesinthegarden Imyselfalsofeltaliveandfreeafterthewalk Takingearlymorningwalkmakesamanhealthyandhappy 描述清晨天气晴朗好不一定说 Itwasasunnyday 谈到自己的感觉不必 Ireallyfeltenergeticandunconstrained 而expect大家应该都熟悉 作文中使用过没有呢 灵活运用常用词语还可使作文的词语不显得太单调 例如 没能can t failto unableto notbeinapositionto 很多alotof various plentiful numerous countless abundant quiteafew 必须must besupposedto beobligedto havenoalternative 希望hope feellike wouldlike expect bedyingto can twaitto 努力workhard hardworking diligent industrious dedicated 得到get obtain acquire achieve gain win earn 有趣interesting fascinating attractive entertaining pleasant enjoyable 增进increase expand addto enhance enlarge broaden develop improve 这些单词在作文中出现频率较高 有必要格外小心 老出错 就会给读者或评卷人以不好的印象 求表达正确 behaviorinformationtrafficequipmenthomeworkdamage knowledgeprogresstroubleexperienceworkmoneyadvice 看看下面一段文字 Astudentwhoignoresregularstudyandidlesawayhistimedaydreamingwillbecomeworriedjustbeforetheexamination Thenhefranticallydoesallthereadinginadayortwo orevenstaysupallnight tryingtocramminghundredsoffactsintohishead Asaresult hecomestotheexaminationnotonlytiredoutbutalsoconfusedbyamessoffacts 词语用得具体 还有助于展开细节 使作文不至于总是干巴巴的几句话 试比较 daydream frantically cram等词语把这类学生考试前忙得昏头昏脑的情景较细致地述出来 Television Televisionpresentsavividworldinfrontofus Wecanlearnaboutmanythingsintheworld Wecanalsoenjoytheworldwithoutgoingout Also therearealotofwonderfulTVfilmsandbeautifulMTVmusic Infact TVhelpsbroadenourviewsinavividway Televisioncanalsoplayaneducationalroleinourdailylife Wecanhavemanyprogramsaboutscienceandtechnology Ahousewifecanlearnhowtocookandastudentwilllearnaforeignlanguagefromit However televisioncanalsobeharmful Someoftheprogramsarenotsuitableforyoungpeople Iftheywatchtheseprograms theywilldobadthings Whatismore spendingtoomuchtimebeforeTVwillcertainlyhaveabadeffectonoureyesandstudy Television Televisionpresentsavividworldinfrontofus BywatchingTV peoplewillnotonlygettoknowcurrentseventsbothathomeandabroad butalsoenjoyseeingvariousworldwonders TVcanalsoentertainuswithexcitingsportsgames lovelywildanimalsandcolorfulforeigncustoms ItisthroughTVthatwefeelclosetonatureandhumanworld Televisioncanalsoplayaneducationalroleinourdailylife Actually TVprovidespeoplewithalmostallkindsofeducationalprogramsrangingfrompopularsciencetoforeignlanguagelearning Evenhousewives farmersandself taughtstudentsareabletolearnwhattheyneedfromdifferentspecialprograms However televisioncanalsobeharmful QuiteafewparentscomplainthatanumberofTVprogramsaboutsexandviolencehavebadeffectsontheirchildren Moreover peoplewhowatchTVtoomuchcanhardlyworkorstudyregularlyandefficiently Therefore itissometimesnecessarytoturnoffTVforthegoodofeveryoneofus 第一篇作文好几次用到many alotof 给人印象模糊 第二篇则以various colorful allkindsof quiteafew anumberof使内容显得较丰富 理由也说得更透一些 学点修辞 请看一篇习作 WhyIwantToBeAnArchitect WhenIwasachild Idreamedofbecomingateacher asingeroranengineer ButnowIamlearningarchitectureintheuniversity andIhopesomedayIwillbecomeafamousarchitectlikeI M Pei WhyIwanttobeanarchitect Ithinkthereasonsareasfollows First anarchitectshouldhaverichimaginationandcreativitylikeanartist Heissupposedtobringtogetherbeautyandartwithprofessionalbusinesssense Asamatteroffact everyarchitecturaldesignisaworkofart andartisnotsoboringassomepurescientificsubjects Second theskillofdrawingisquiteimportantinarchitecture Ilikedrawingpictures andIwillbeveryhappywhenIseehotelsofdifferentstylesandevenskyscrapersarerisingfromdrawingsofmydesign Third architectureischallenging Thedesignsofanarchitectmuststanduptothecriticeyesofpeopleandthetestoftime Asforme challengeisconstructiveratherthandestructive ItisbychallengethatIcanimprovemyworkandcreatestrongerandmodernbuildingsappealingtocustomers Amanmustdosomethingusefulinhislife Hopefully Iwillbeabletodosomethingbymyarchitecturaldesign 第二讲 句子的运用及段落基本概念 第三讲 应考作文的写作要求 题型分类 Classificationofeveryessay 一 第一种题型 对比观点选择题 EssayI 1 大多为三点提纲 提纲模式一般为 有一些人 还有人 我的看法或观点 2 少数时候也会出现两点提纲的情况 此时可以补充成三点提纲来写作 二 第二种题型 社会热点话题 EssayII 1 应该为三点提纲 但是通常以两点提纲出现的题目居多 所涉及主题为当时社会热点 2 如果是两点提纲 则补充成三点提纲写作 3 通常模式为 现象概述 细节 原因 危害 方式等 自我评论三 第三种题型 图标题 Report EssayIII 1 以图表作为信息来源的写作模式2 通常模式为 描述图表 解释原因 自我评论 四 第四种题型 书信题 EssayIV 1 写书信一 对比观点选择题 EssayI 一典型的对比观点选择题的文章模式 ParagraphI 1 引出将要评论的事物或者是观点 2 简明扼要的提出人们在这个问题上的两种不同看法 ParagraphII 1 提出一种观点或优点 2 本段的支持性分论点 3 本段总结 可以省略 ParagraphIII 1 承上启下的过渡句 2 提出另一种观点或缺点 3 本段的支持性分论点 4 本段总结 可以省略 ParagraphIV 1 平衡两种看法 2 给出自己的观点 Example Nobodycanhavefailedtonoticethat havebecomepopularinChinainrecentyears Whereveryougo youwillfindpeopleplayingthem bothinpublicplacesandinhomes Butwehavetoaskourselveswhetherthe crazeisbeneficialorharmful Thepeoplewhoapproveof saythattheyhelpto Inaddition Lastbutnotleast However theopponentsof pointoutthat canhavenegativeside effects Moreover Weighinguptheargumentsofbothsides perhapsthebestpolicyistoregulate insuchawayastomaximizeitsadvantages Atthesametime shouldbebanned Furthermore youngpeopleshouldbeadvisedthat isbadfortheir 二 社会热点话题 EssayII 文章结构模式 ParagraphI 1 引出要评论的事物或观点 general 2 提出问题 specific ParagraphII 1 作者对该现象或问题的基本看法 即文章的论点句 2 支持性的细节分论点 3 本段总结 可以省略 ParagraphIII 1 总结全文 定下结论 通常为我的对策或看法 Example MyViewonFakeCommoditiesLikemostpeople Iwelcometheadventofthemarketeconomy Nevertheless itmustbeadmittedthat alongwiththebenefitsofthemarketeconomy havecomeproblems Inmyopinion thebiggestproblemisthelargenumberoffakeandshoddygoods whicharefoundalloverthecountryanddogreatharmtosociety Fakeandshoddygoodsareharmfulontwolevels Somepeoplethinkthatthequickestwaytomakeprofitsisbysellingpoor qualitycommodities andthisunderminesthenation seconomy Atthesametime somefakeandshoddygoodsarebadforpeople shealth Thismakesconsumersdistrustthesellersandthefreemarketingeneral Inviewoftheseriousnessofthisproblem itisessentialthatlawsandregulationsbeworkedouttobanthemanufactureandcirculationoffakeandshoddygoods Atthesametime consumersshouldbeeducatedtoidentifysub standardcommodities Withproperlawsandanalertpublic itwillonlybeamatteroftimebeforefakeandshoddygoodsbecomethings 文章模式 ParagraphI 1 描述图表 趋势描写 2 描述图表 必要数据支持 细节性 ParagraphII 1 提出自己理由和观点 2 细节性分论点 支持自己观点 ParagraphIII 1 预测未来和提出解决方法 2 总结全文和表达作者自己观点 二适用句型 参见社会热点话题 1 Aswecanseefromthechart graph table diagram 2 Ascanbeshowninthetable 如图所示 3 Theseareseveralreasonsfortheincrease decrease Firstly 4 Theabovegraphsmakeiteasytodrawaconclusionthat 5 Thereisbothinterestingandinstructivepicturewhichgoeslikethis 6 Bhasthelargestpercentage proportionof B在 方面占有很大的比重 7 account s for take s up10 占有10 8 Onthetopofthelistis whichaccountsfor60 占比重最高的是 占60 9 Atthebottomis whichaccountsfor10 占比重最低的是 占10 10 Aisranked ratedfirst followedbyBat30 andCat25 A占最高比重 紧随其后的是占30 的B和占25 的C 11 Thenumberof increased rosesuddenly rapidly dramatically substantially considerably sharply steeplyfrom1900to2000 在1900到2000间 的数量有了急剧的增长 12 Therewasasudden rapid dramatic substantial considerable sharp steepincrease riseinthenumberof from1990to2000 在1990到2000间 的数量有了急剧的增长 13 Thenumberof increased rosesteadily gradually slowly slightlyfrom1990to2000 在1990到2000间 的数量在持续稳定的增长 14 Therewasasteady gradual slow slightincrease riseinthenumberof from1990to2000 在1990到2000间 的数量在持续稳定的增长 15 下降 decrease fall drop adecrease drop reduction declineinthenumberof 16 Thesituation figuresreached hitapeak ahighat60 in Thesituation figurespeakedat60 in 情况 数据 在 达到定点 为60 17 Thesituation figuresbottomedoutat20 in Thesituation figureshitatroughat20 in 情况 数据 在 达到最低点 为20 18 Aistwice three fourtimeswhatitwasin1990 Aistwice three fourtimestheamountin1990 Aistwice three fourtimesasmuch manyas in1990 与1990相比 A是原来的2 3 4 倍 19 Thefigurewasroughlydoubled tripled quintupledbetween1900and2000 从1990到2000间 数字大约是原来的2 3 5 倍 20 Ithasmorethandoubledinthepastfiveyears 四 书信题 EssayIV 一 开头段 1 告知对方你的身份 假如对方不认识你 DearSir Mr Prometheus Iwasastudentatyourcollege enrolledinPhilosophyDepartment Iama atyour Iama atyourcollege enrolledinthe course Mynameis Iam 2 问候收信人 假如他 她是你的朋友 DearPrometheus Ihopeeverythingisfine Howarethingsgoingwithyou 3 解释写信的原因 1 致谢 IdeeplyappreciateyourcourtesyandIhopetoreciprocateyourfavorwhentheopportunityarises Iamgreatlyindebtedtoyoufor thedouble youhavegonetoonmybehalf ThankyouforyourletteraboutstudyinginCanada Iamwritingtoyoutoexpressmyheartfeltgratitude IamwritingtotellyouhowgratefulIamfor Iwouldliketothankyoumostsincerelyfor 2 抱怨 Iamwritingtocomplainaboutthepoorserviceatyourdining room Iamwritingtoexpressmydissatisfactionwith at Iwishtomakeacomplaintabout Iamwritingtodrawyourattentionto IamafraidIhavegotacomplaintabout 3 致歉 Iwouldbegratefulifyouwouldbesokindastoprovidemewithcertainessentialinformationregardingthefollowingaspects IamwritingtoyoubecauseIamunableto Ianterriblysorrythat Iwouldliketoexpressmyapologiesfornotbeingableto 4 询问 Iwouldliketoobtain request seek inquir