【三维设计】高考英语一轮复习 Unit1 Friendship板块训练 新人教版必修1.doc

必修一unit 1friendship学校生活是中学生熟悉的话题，是新课标教学的重点之一，新课标人教必修一unit 1 friendship、选修七unit 1 living well和unit 4 sharing 等多处涉及此类话题。学校生活是高考写作的高频考点，如2012年上海卷、2012年安徽卷、2012年浙江卷、2012年江苏卷和2011年四川卷等都涉及到校园生活这一话题。本书从此单元开始至后面两个单元将围绕此话题设计晨背内容，按由词到句、由句到篇的认知规律行文，通过逐步阶梯式的训练，做到读写结合，全面提升英语素养，多角度、全方位地攻克命题热点。 由词连句背词汇、学连句，让作文丰满起来一、话题常用词汇必背1常用单词(1)conflict n冲突(2)harmony n. 和谐(3)quarrel n. 争吵(4)virtue n. 美德(5)dormitory n. 公寓(6)relaxation n. 放松(7)board v. 寄宿(8)beat v. 战胜(9)exercise v. 锻炼(10)strengthen v加强(11)participate v. 参加(12)exciting adj. 兴奋的(13)firstclass adj. 一流的(14)compulsory adj. 强制的(15)competitive adj. 竞争性强的(16)selfcentered adj. 以自我为中心的(17)calmly adv. 平静地(18)wisely adv. 明智地2常用短语(1)the final exam期末考试(2)afterclass activities 课外活动(3)be accustomed to 习惯于(4)make up ones mind 下决心(5)distinguish oneself 展示自己(6)build up ones body 增强体质(7)be beneficial to 对有益(8)get into a bad habit 染上坏习惯(9)live an ideal life 过着理想的生活二、连词成句并背诵(按括号中的要求，添加适当的词连词成句)1. the final exam; draw; teacher; urge; study hard (用with复合结构)答案：with_the_final_exam_drawing_near,_our_teacher_urges_us_to_study_hard.2avoid; conflict; we; kind; one another; essential; enjoy; a harmonious life (用不定式作目的状语和非限制性定语从句)答案：to_avoid_such_conflicts,_we_should_be_kind_to_one_another,_which_is_essential_to_enjoy_a_harmonious_life.3exercise; a long time; he; run; slowly; sports meeting (用现在分词短语的否定形式作状语)答案：not_having_exercised_for_a_long_time,_he_ran_slowly_in_the_sports_meeting.高频单词必记1upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的vt.使不安；使心烦2ignore vt. 不理睬；忽视3calm vt. & vi. (使)平静；(使)镇定adj. 平静的；镇静的；沉着的4recover vi. & vt. 痊愈；恢复；重新获得5pack vi. & vt. 捆扎；包装；打行李n. 小包；包裹6grateful adj. 感激的；表示谢意的7outdoors adv.在户外；在野外indoors adv.在室内；在户内8entire adj.整个的；完全的；全部的entirely adv.完全地；全然地；整个地9settle vt. & vi.定居；安排settlement n定居点；解决10suffer vt. & vi.遭受；经历suffering n折磨；苦难11concern vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到 n担心；关注；(利害)关系concerned adj.担心的；忧虑的；感兴趣的；关注的concerning prep.关于；涉及12power n能力；力量；权力powerful adj.强大的；强有力的powerless adj.无力的；没有能力的；无权利的13disagree vi. 不同意agree vi.同意disagreement n不同意；不一致1语境串记(用所给词的适当形式填空)(1)our parents are concerned about our health and future.as far as im concerned,_we should talk with our parents and tell them our concerns.(concern)(2)after he came to power,_everyone said he was a powerful leader, but now he felt so powerless that he even couldnt save his daughter.(power)(3)a few people agreed while most people disagreed,_so no agreement was made.(agree)2主题串记请根据词性和汉语提示写出除disagree以外其他以dis为前缀的高频单词(1)dislike vt.不喜欢；厌恶(2)disappear vi.不见；消失(3)disappoint vt. 使失望(4)discourage vt. 使气馁；使沮丧(5)discover vt. 发现.重点短语必背 1add_up合计2calm_(.)_down (使)平静下来；(使)镇定下来*3.be_concerned_about 关心；挂念4.go_through 经历；经受；完成；仔细检查*5.set_down 记下；放下；登记6a_series_of 一连串的；一系列；一套*7.on_purpose 故意地；有目的地8at_dusk 在黄昏时刻*9.face_to_face面对面地*10.suffer_from 遭受；患病11get/be_tired_of 对厌烦*12.pack_(sth.)_up 将(东西)装箱打包13get_along_with与相处；进展14fall_in_love 相爱；爱上15join_in 加入选用以上标有*的短语填空(其中有一项是多余的)1one evening when it was so warm, i stayed awake on_purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself.2though we suffered_from serious natural disasters, we are sure to overcome all difficulties.3one of our workmates has been in danger. we are_concerned_about his health.4youd better set_down the important thoughts in your diary before you forget it.5after staying at home for a week, he packed_up his things and went to another city to find a job.经典句型必会 1while walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.在遛狗的时候，你不小心松了手，结果狗被一辆汽车撞了。解读while walking the dog为状语从句的省略句式。仿写当孙杨被问及他成功的秘密时，他说他的成功很大程度上归功于他的父母。when_asked_about the secret of his success, sun yang said that he owed much of his success to his parents. 2she and her family hid away for nearly twentyfive months before they were discovered. 她与家人躲藏了将近二十五个月之后才被发现。解读before引导时间状语从句，意为“在之后才”。仿写好几年之后我才意识到大卫对我撒了谎。it_was_several_years_before i realized that david had lied to me.3it was the first time in a year and a half that id seen the night face to face . 这是我这一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚解读it/this/that is/was the first time that . “某人第一次做某事”。仿写莫言获得了诺贝尔文学奖。这是中国作家第一次赢得如此重要的奖项。mo yan won the nobel prize in literature.it was the first time that chinese writer had_won_such_an_important_award.1upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的vt.使不安；使心烦；弄翻；扰乱教材原句your friend comes to school very upset.你的朋友来上学时心情很不好。(1)be upset about/over/at sth. 为某事心烦/不安be upset that . 让人不安(2)upset a plan/an arrangement 打乱计划/安排upset oneself about sth. 为某事而烦恼it upsets sb. that . 让某人心烦/不安的是he stood up suddenly, upsetting a cup of coffee on my shirt.他突然站起来，结果将一杯咖啡打翻在我的衬衫上。dont upset yourself about it no harm has been done.不要为那事烦恼，没有造成损失。he was_very_upset_that you didnt reply to his letters. it upset_him_that you didnt reply to his letters.你没有给他回信，他很不安。2add vt. & vi.增加；添加；补充说教材原句add up your score and see how many points you get.把你的分数加起来看看能得多少分。(1)add up把加起来add sth.to sth. 把加到/进里add up to 加起来共计/达(不用于被动语态)add to 增加；增添(2)add that . 补充说rude words, namecalling, and accusation only add fuel to the emotional fire.(2012浙江高考阅读c)粗话、辱骂和指责只会向情绪怒火浇油。the heavy rain added_to_the_difficulty in rescuing the buried people.大雨增加了营救被掩埋人们的困难。he added that he felt very sorry for not being able to come.他补充说，他为自己不能来表示歉意。3concern vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到n.关心；关注；(利害)关系教材原句you will tell your friend that you are concerned about him/her and you will meet after class and talk then.告诉你的朋友你关心他/她，下课后你们就见面谈谈。(1)show/express concern about/for对表示关心its no concern of mine/yours. 这不关我/你的事。(2)be concerned about/over/for关心；挂念be concerned with/in 牵扯进/参与as/so far as . be concerned就而言(3)concern oneself about/for担忧/关心concern oneself with从事/参与(4)concerning prep. 关于；有关several parents expressed their concern about/for their childrens safety at school.几位家长表达了他们对孩子们在校安全的忧虑。as far as im concerned, riding bicycles is a good solution.(2011江西高考书面表达)就我个人而言，骑自行车是一个好的解决方法。we should all be_concerned_about the state of our environment and we must do all we can to reduce pollution.我们应该关心我们的环境状况，尽一切努力减少污染。he asked several questions concerning the future of the company.他问了几个有关公司前途的问题。4suffer vt.&vi.遭受；忍受；经历教材原句she suffered from loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there.她感到孤独，但她得学会喜欢住在那里。(1)suffer vt.遭受；蒙受，其后常接pain, loss, defeat, poverty, hunger, punishment, hardship, damage等名词作宾语(2)suffer vi.后常接from，表示“受折磨；受之苦；患某种疾病”(3)suffering nu痛苦；苦难pl.痛苦；苦恼having suffered defeat after defeat, he began to lose faith in himself.遭受了一次又一次的失败，他开始对自己失去信心。you could suffer_from bad health if you keep smoking.如果你继续吸烟就会有损健康。the old man went through all kinds of sufferings during the war.这位老人在战争期间经历了各种痛苦。单词对点集训.完成句子1the father was_upset_about (对感到不安) the sons bad performance at school.2his mother is_concerned_about (对担心) his future and happiness.3he took a deep breath to calm_himself_down (使自己平静下来)4he added_that(补充说) he was very satisfied with your work.5having_suffered(遭受) serious brain damage for many years, mrs brown doesnt remember what happened to her.单项填空1(2013台州高三一模)what were you so _？my sons not passing the college entrance examination _ me most.aupset; upset aboutbupset about; upsetcupset for; upset dupset; upset解析：选b第一个空考查用法be upset about/over/at .，意为“对感到烦心的”，其宾语为疑问词what；第二个空upset 用作动词，意为“使心烦”。2(2013潍坊模拟)a new study shows older men_ a lack of deep sleep are nearly twice as likely to develop high blood pressure.asuffering bsuffered fromcwho suffer from dwho suffer解析：选c句意：一项新的研究表明缺少深度睡眠的老人有近两倍的几率会患高血压。suffer from“遭受之苦”，c项为定语从句，符合句子结构及句意。3(2013三明市高三检测)i was going to pay when it suddenly _ me that i had left my purse at home.ahappened to boccurred tocreferred to dadded to解析：选b考查动词词组用法。句意：我正要付款这时突然想起我把钱包忘在家里了。it occurred to sb. that .为常用句型，意为“某人突然想起”。sth. happened to sb.“某人发生某事”；refer to“查阅；有关”；add to“增加；增添”。4the meeting was concerned _ reforms and everyone present was concerned _ their own interests.afor; about bwith; forcwith; with dabout; with解析：选b句意：这个会议与改革有关，到会的每个人都关心自己的利益。be concerned with . “与有关”； be concerned for/about . “关心”。5(2012天津六校三模)the chinese government has begun a campaign to _ the crazy housing market.acalm bdestroycoccupy dreflect解析：选a句意：中国政府已经开始了一场使房地产市场降温的战役。calm“使冷却；使降温”；destroy“破坏”；occupy“占据；占领”；reflect“反映；映射”。1go through经历；通过；仔细检查；完成教材原句or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through?或者害怕你的朋友嘲笑你，或者不理解你正经历的事情？一词多义写出下列句中go through的含义how does she keep smiling after all shes gone through？经历i had just gone through my homework when the telephone rang.完成i always start the day by going through my mail.查阅you should go through the official channels to get help instead of through private relationship.通过go against违背；违反go by 逝去；过去go on 继续；进行；发生go out 出去；熄灭go over 复习；仔细检查go up 上涨；上升；攀登if you go against nature, it will punish you.如果你违背了自然，它就会惩罚你。链接高考(2011四川高考)to get a better grade, you should_the notes again before the test.ago overbget overcturn over dtake over解析：选a考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了取得更好的成绩，你应该在考试前再复习一下笔记。go over “复习；重温”，符合句意。get over“解决；克服”；turn over “使翻身；使翻转”；take over “接替；接管”。2get along/on with与某人相处；某事进展(如何)教材原句im getting along well with a boy in my class.我跟我们班的一个男生相处得很好。(1)get along/on (well/nicely) with sb.与某人相处得(好)get along/on (well/nicely/smoothly) with sth. 某事进展得(好/顺利)(2)get across 讲清楚；(使)被领会get about/around (消息)传开get through (电话)接通；用完；通过get over 克服they make you politer and easier to get along with, thus strengthen the relationship between you and others.(2010江西高考书面表达)他们使你更有礼貌更容易相处，从而增进你和他人的关系。how are you getting on with your english lesson?你的英语课程学得怎么样？very well.很好。our teacher is clever, but not very good at getting_his_ideas_across to us.我们的老师很聪明，但他不擅长把自己的观点向我们讲清楚。短语对点集训.完成句子1since we all live under one room, we should learn how_to_get_along_well_with (如何相处好) one another.2that was the last time that he had_talked_with_his_father_face_to_face (与父亲面对面地谈话)3having_got_tired_of (厌倦了) staying indoors for days, we are longing to go out and relax ourselves.4youd better set_down_his_address_and_telephone_number (记下地址和电话号码) in case you forget them.5the reform in this country has gone_through (经历) two stages.单项填空1we were surprised by what the little girl _when she was cheated and sold to the mountain village.agot throughbwent throughclive up to dgo against解析：选b句意：我们都被这个受骗后被卖到山村的小女孩的经历震惊了。go through “经受；经历”；get through“通过；用完；完成”；live up to “达到；符合；不辜负(别人的期望)”；go against“反对；不利”。根据句意选b项。2(2013石家庄一模)why was she unhappy yesterday?a call from home _ an attack of homesickness.aset off bset outcset about dset down解析：选a句意：“昨天她为什么不高兴？”“家里的一个电话引发了她的思乡之情。”set off “引发；引爆”，符合句意。set out “出发；着手”；set about“着手”；set down “写下；记下”。3(2010浙江高考)after that, he knew he could _ any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability.aget away with bget on withcget through dget across解析：选c考查动词短语辨析。句意：在此之后，他知道只要尽全力就能成功应对一切紧急事件。get through “度过(艰难等)”，符合句意。get away with“偷走；免受惩罚”； get on with“与和睦相处”； get across“被传达；被理解”。4have you seen bob recently? i wonder _ with his classmates in that school.ahow is he getting alongbthat he is getting along wellcwhat he is getting alongdif he is getting along well解析：选di wonder if .为常用句型，意为“我想知道”，其后用陈述句语序。后句句意：我想知道他在那所学校与同学相处得是否融洽。1while_walking_the_dog,_you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. 在遛狗的时候，你不小心松了手，结果狗被一辆汽车撞了。while walking . 相当于while you were walking .，当时间或条件状语等从句中的主语同主句主语一致或主语是it，且从句含有动词be时，可以省略状语从句中的主语与动词be。in other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.(2011广东高考阅读d)换句话说，当我们利用自然资源的时候，我们应该保持地球的健康。the man was lying on the ground, motionless, as if (he was) seriously injured.那名男子躺在地上一动不动，好像是受了重伤。if_necessary,_you should turn to your parents for help.如果有必要，你应该向你的父母求助。链接高考(2012新课标全国卷)film has a much shorter history, especially when _ such art forms as music and painting.ahaving compared to bcomparing toccompare to dcompared to解析：选d考查非谓语动词。句意：电影的历史相当短，尤其是与像音乐和绘画这类艺术形式相比较时。主语film是compare这个动作的受动者，所以用过去分词表被动。2she and her family hid away for nearly twentyfive months before_they_were_discovered.她与家人躲藏了将近二十五个月之后才被发现。before conj.用以表示从句动作发生之前的时间，译法灵活。(1)强调从句动作发生在主句之前，意为“不等就”。why didnt you tell him the news?你为什么不把消息告诉他？he rushed out of the room before i could say a word.我还没来得及说一句话他就冲出了房间。(2)“趁着”或“过了才”。i must write it down before i forget it.趁着我还没忘，我得把它记下来。(3)itbe时间段before从句，意为“之后才”。it was_some_time_before i realized the truth.过了很长一段时间我才悟出真相。(4)itbenotlongbefore从句，意为“不久就”。john thinks it wont be long before he is ready for his new job.(2010陕西高考单项填空)约翰认为不久之后他就会为他的新工作做好准备。(5)在“hardly . before .”结构中，before等于when，意为“刚就”。he had hardly entered the room before he heard a loud noise.他刚进屋子就听到一声巨响。句型对点集训.完成句子1it was the second time that he had_joined_in_the_discussion (参与讨论) about how to deal with the problem.2the problem, unless_handled_properly (如果不妥善处理的话), may lead to misunderstanding between the two sides.3with a local guide leading_the_way (带路), they had no trouble walking out of the forest.4how_long_will_it_be_before (多久之后才) the professor makes another visit to china?.单项填空1as you write in the story, it has been 20 years _ i last saw you in a seaside hotel.awhenbbeforecafter dsince解析：选d考查时间状语从句。句意：正如你在故事中所写的那样，自从我上一次在海边的宾馆里见到你已有20年了。根据句意可知，此处应用since, 表示“自从”。2im sorry youve been waiting so long, but itll still be some time _ brian gets back.abefore bsincectill dafter解析：选a句意：对不起，让你等了这么长时间，但是，布莱恩还要过一段时间才能回来。本题应注意句型：it will be一段时间before从句，意为“要过多久才”。3(2013温州适应性测试) who should be responsible for the accident? the boss, not the workers.they just carried out the order_.aas told bas are toldcas telling das they told解析：选a句意：“谁应当对这一起事故负责？”“是老板，而不是工人。工人们只是执行了他们被吩咐的指令。”从题意可知，workers和tell之间应当是被动关系，排除c、d两项；当从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，那么从句主语和be动词可以同时省去。故选a项。句子补全后为：they just carried out the order as they were told.直接引语和间接引语()1our teacher told us that the earth _ around the sun yesterday.ago bwentcto go dgoes解析：选d直接引语变间接引语时，若直接引语表示的是客观真理，则间接引语时态不变(一般现在时)。2an english teacher asked his students, “are you interested in my lessons？”an english teacher asked his students if _ were interested in _ lessons.ayou; my byou; hiscthey; my dthey; his解析：选d直接引语变间接引语时，若直接引语主语为第二人称，则间接引语(宾语从句)的主语与主句的宾语在人称上保持一致，即you 变为they；由句意可知句中的my 应改为his。3having seen the film, he said what a wonderful film he _.asaw bhas seenchad seen dwould see解析：选c考查时态。句意：看完电影后，他说他看了一部多棒的电影啊。主句动词用了过去时态(said)，间接引语也要用过去某种时态；而他说这句话是在看完电影后，故“看电影”应用过去完成时。4mr. green asked, “jack, did you see the film yesterday？”mr. green asked jack whether he saw the film _.ayesterday bthe day beforecthe day ago dbefore the day解析：选b直接引语变间接引语时，时间状语要作相应的变化，yesterday要变为the day before。5he told us that there _ a football match at 19 oclock.awere going to havebis going to becwill be dwas going to be解析：选d考查间接引语中的时态。主句为一般过去时，在间接引语中，要用过去将来时态。而且a football match为单数，因此用was going to be。a项中的另外一个错误在于there be句式变形中不能使用“have”。.单项填空1ive forgotten to take my mobile phone with me._.you can use mine.aoh, come on bdont mention itcit doesnt matter dmy pleasure解析：选c考查情景对话。从答语中的“你可以用我的(手机)”可知，答话者的意思是“没关系”。2(2013河北普通高中第一次质量检测)when _ about what she thought of the movie, she just said it was worth seeing a second time.aaskedbaskingcbeing askeddto be asked解析：选a考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：当被问道她对这部电影的看法时，她只是说值得再看一次。从句子结构来看，非谓语动词作状语，句子的主语是she，也是状语的逻辑主语，主谓之间是被动关系，所以应用过去分词。教师备课参考在“连词非谓语动词”型省略句中，如果省略句中的谓语动词与主语是主动关系，则使用现在分词；如果构成被动关系，则使用过去分词；如果谓语动词表示尚未发生的动作，则使用动词不定式。(2012海淀第二学期期中练习)although _ considerable success as an artist, the young man keeps working hard.aachievingbachievedcto achievedhaving achieved解析：选d考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然作为一名艺术家取得了相当大的成就，这位年轻人仍然继续努力工作。the young man 与achieve之间是主谓关系，且根据句意可知achieve动作已经完成，故用现在分词的完成式，相当于“although he has achieved considerable success as an artist”。3(2013杭州学军中学高三质检)i said hello to you in the street yesterday, but you _ me completely.im sorry. maybe i didnt notice you.acheated bhidcignored drecognized解析：选c考查动词词义辨析。由问句中的“我和你打招呼”及答句中的“或许我没有注意到你”可知c项ignore“忽视；不理睬”，符合语境。cheat“欺骗”；hide“躲藏”；recognize “认出”。4(2013哈尔滨四校第一次联考)the old man _ heart trouble many years _ an operation was successfully done.ahad suffered; before bhad suffered from; beforechad suffered from; when ddidnt suffer from; until解析：选bsuffer from“遭受之苦”。由主句的时态和逻辑推理，第二个空格应为before。此题易被误认为是not .until句式。5after _ series of unsuccessful attempts, he has finally passed _ driving test.a/; the ba; the cthe; a d/; a解析：选b考查冠词。句意：经过连续几次的失