四级翻译应试技巧.doc

四级翻译应试技巧一、 减词法1、 减少动词我干工作，做家务，同朋友交往，这些占用了我的全部时间。My work, my family, my friends are more than enough to fill my time.2、 减少形容词或副词他们反复不断地玩味着他的话。They lingered long over his words.3、 减少名词图片上的那个人，满脸皱纹，皮肤黝黑，头发灰白稀疏。The person in the picture is wrinkled and black, with scant gray hair.4、 减少量词两匹马，two horses;两个轮子two wheels;五辆自行车five bicycles5、 减少原文的重复成分我们不后退，我们从没后退过，将来也决不后退。We dont retreat; we never have and never will.二、 词类转换法1、 动词转译成形容词或名词它们（机器人）一旦超过了我们，就能自行设计了。Once they exceed us they will be capable of their own design. (动词“能”形容词“capable”；动词“设计”名词“design”)2、 名词转译成动词多数的弃权是法国竞选的特点。Numerous abstentions marked the French election. (名词“特点”动词“marked”)3、 形容词转译成名词他们的化学试验很成功。Their chemical experiment was a success. (形容词“成功”名词“success”)4、 形容词与副词互译只要稍加修理，这台旧机器就可使用。With slight repair the old machine can be used. (副词“稍加”形容词“slight”)这台用计算机控制的机器人给我们留下了深刻的印象。Such robots controlled by computer impressed us deeply. (形容词“深刻的” 副词“deeply”)三、 增词法由于英语和汉语在用词和句法结构上存在差异，英语中冠词、介词、连词、代词，在汉译英时要记得加上。例如：1、 地球比月亮大。The earth is larger than the moon. (加冠词)2、 成品在出厂前必须进行抽样检查。The finished products must be sampled to check their quality before they leave the factory. (加代词)3、 不锈钢硬度大，强度高。Stainless steels possess good hardness and high strength. (加动词)4、 这种产品物美价廉。The product is good in quality and low in price. (加介词)5、 申请工作的人，有工作经验的（比没有工作经验的）优先录取。Job applicants who have working experience will receive preference over those who have not. (加短语语义上的增加)四、 正反、反正表达法1、 反说正译法把语言的否定形式译成肯定形式，例如：1）、结果许多人不做尝试，而这些尝试恰恰就是真正幸福的源泉。As a result, many people avoided the very attempts that are the source of true happiness.2）、欲速则不达。Haste makes waste.3）、似乎不符合自然规律。It seems against Nature. 2、 正说反译法把语言的肯定形式译成否定形式。例如：1）、调查结果清清楚楚地说明病人死于癌症。The examination left no doubt that the patient had died of cancer.2）、这种情况如果坚持到年底我们全都完蛋。This situation cant continue the end of the year without killing us.3）、现在她肯定把开会的事情忘得一干二净了。Now she certainly would not remember to come to the meeting.五、 被动态的使用被动语态十分常见，常用于强调动作的承受者或不必、不愿、很难指出动作的执行者的句子，尤其在科技英语中。汉语中的被动语态没有英语中那么常见，应注意汉语中有些主动语态可用英语中的被动语态表达。1、 被动态译成被动态冰箱被看作是必需品。The fridge is considered a necessity.社会地位已经被比作现成的服装。A status has been compared to ready-make clothes.2、 主动态转译成被动态五十年代我还是个孩子，那时没有冰箱，但吃得好，身体棒。In my fridge less fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthy. 另外，以it做形式主语的被动语态一般都译为汉语的主动语态，有时不加主语，有时可加“有人”、“大家”、“人们”等。常见的句型有：有人主张 It is asserted that据推测, 有人认为It is assumed that据信，有人相信It is believed that有人提议It is proposed that有人建议It is suggested that据传，有人曾说It is told that必须指出It must be pointed out that六、 顺译法在正确理解原文的基础上，把句子按意群拆成一个个部分，然后把各部分按原文原来的先后顺序翻译出来，必要时加上适当的连接词连接上下文，合意成句。例一：（1）那些最早研究电性质的人可能没有预料到（2）他们只是出于求知的欲望而进行的实验，（3）最终产生了现代电业科技，（4）如果没有这些技术，我们当今的生活简直是不可现象的。译文：（1）the first man to study the nature of electricity could not imagine (2) that their experiment carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity,(3)would eventually lead to modern electrical technology，（4）without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life.例二：（1）我国像其他发展中国家一样，（2）严重缺乏（3）技术熟练工人、工程技术人员和工商管理人员，（4）因此，我们请贵方（5）提供方便，培训尽可能多的经营人员。译文：（1）our country along with other developing countries is（2）experiencing acute shortage of（3）skilled workers，engineers, technicians, administrative and managerial personal，（4）so we should like to ask you（5）to provide for the training of as many operating personal as possible.七、 倒译法倒译法就是在正确理解原文的基础上，把句子按意群拆散后，逆着原文的顺序排列，从后往前逐片翻译组合成句。例一：（1）我原本打算元月份访问中国，（2）后来不得不推迟，（3）这使我感到非常失望。译文：（3）it was a keen disappointment（2）what I had to postpone the visit（1）which I had intended to pay to china in January.例二：（1）在不能用传统出口商品偿还的情况下，（2）用硬通币偿还贷款，（3）这是合情理的。译文：（3）it is reasonable（2）to provide for the repayment of the credit in hard currency as well,（1）if the traditional export goods are not available.八、 分译、合译法分译、合译法是改变原文句子结构，使译文语言更规范的一种翻译技巧。分译法也叫拆译法，是指把原文句子结构分解开，按译文的语言表达习惯重新安排句子结构；而合译法正好相反，把原文中两个或两个以上的简单句或复合句译成一个单句。1、 合译法中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成绩而自豪，这是合乎情理的。The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements.他试了好几次，想帮助我们找到解决问题的办法，但没有成功。He has made several attempts to help us find the solution to the problem without s