形容词和副词(带练习及答案).ppt

形容词和副词 一 形容词的种类 作用和位置 形容词用以修饰名词等表示人和事物的性质 特征 通常将形容词分成性质形容词和表语形容词两类 1 性质形容词 用以直接说明人或事物的性质 特征的形容词 它们有等级变化 也可以用程度副词来修饰 在句中可作定语 表语和宾语补足语 大部分形容词都是性质形容词 1 Thesweaterisverybeautiful 2 Ihaveabusyday 3 Wekeepourclassroomclean 2 表语形容词这类形容词只能作表语 通常不能作定语 所以被称为表语形容词 这类形容词大多以a开头 没有比较等级的变化 也不可用程度副词来修饰 如 afraid 害怕的 alone 单独的 alive 活着的 asleep 睡着的 awake 醒着的 以及well 健康的 worth 值得的 unable 不能的 ill 病了的 等 例句 1 Thebabyisasleep 2 Thegirlisafraidofsnakes 3 Hefeelswelltoday 注意 表语形容词不能用very来修饰 如不能说veryasleep veryalone 但可以说 fastasleep quitealone 形容词的位置 形容词修饰名词 通常是放在名词前面 它们前面常带有冠词 形容词性物主代词 指示代词 数词等 如 1 Whataninterestingidea 2 Beijingisamoderncity 3 Ihavefivegoodfriends 但是 在修饰由no some any every构成的复合不定代词时 形容词应放在被修饰词之后 如 1 There ssomethingwrongwithmybike 2 Isthereanythingimportantintoday snewspaper 形容词的位置 二 副词的种类 作用和位置 副词是用来说明动作或状态的特征 时间 地点 程度 方式等情况 副词的种类 1时间副词如 now usually often always sometimes等2 地点副词如 here there out everywhere3 方式副词如 carefully well fast slowly4 程度副词如 very much quite almost5 疑问副词如 how when why where6 连接副词如 whether why when how 副词的作用一 作状语 用于修饰动词 形容词 副词 介词短语或整个句子 1 Thetrainrunsfast 修饰动词 2 Shehasbeenbadlyillthesedays 修饰形容词 3 Theshopisrightonyourleft 修饰介词 4 Luckily hepassedthefinalexams 修饰句子 二 作定语 有少数地点副词 时间副词可以作定语 放在所修饰的词的后边 1 ThestudentstherearefromBeijing 那里的学生来自北京 2 Imetanoldfriendonmywayhome 我在回家的路上遇到一位老朋友 3 Chinatodayhasdevelopedgreatly 今天的中国有了巨大的发展 三 作表语 作表语的副词多数是表示位置的 如 in out on back down up off away 等1 Youmustbeawaynow 你现在必须离开 2 Schoolisover Let sgohome 放学了 我们回家吧 3 TheTVisstillon pleaseturnitoff 电视还开着呢 请把它关掉 副词的位置 频度副词 频度副词 如always often sometimes usually seldom等通常放在行为动词之前 be动词之后 句子里如果有助动词或情态动词 则要放在它们之后 1 Heusuallyhaslunchinthefactory 2 Theboyisoftenlateforschool 时间副词和地点副词 通常置于句尾 如果同时出现 则把地点副词放在时间副词的前面 也可把时间副词放在句首 1 Theywentswimmingintheriveryesterday Yesterdaytheywentswimmingintheriver 方式副词 方式副词修饰不及物动词时放在动词后 修饰及物动词时 放在被修饰的动词前或宾语之后 如果宾语较长 也可把副词放在动词和宾语之间 1 Myfatherworkshard 2 TomspeaksEnglishverywell 3 Mikewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisparents 程度副词 程度副词一般放在被修饰的形容词或副词前面 放在情态动词和助动词之后 1 Iamreallysorrytohearthat 2 TheweatherhereisquitedifferentfromthatinNanjing 3 Thegilrsworksveryhard 形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成 规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词1 一般情况加 er或 estfast faster fastesthigh higher highestclever cleverer cleverest2 以字母e结尾加 r或 stfine finer finestlate later latestnice nicer nicest 3 重读闭音节 末尾只有一个辅音字母时双写加 er或 estfat fatter fattestbig bigger biggestthin thinner thinnest4 以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i加 er或 estearly earlier earliesteasy easier easiestlucky luckier luckiest 规则变化部分双音节和多音节词在词前加more或mostslowly moreslowly mostslowlyeasily moreeasily mosteasilycarefully morecarefully mostcarefully 不规则变化1 good well better best2 many much more most3 little less least4 far farther farthest far further furthest 5 bad badly ill worse worst 形容词和副词比较级和最高级的用法 一 比较级用法 表示两者 人或事物 的比较时用比较级 通常用连词than引导 表示 较 或 更 一些 的意思1 Thiscakeismoredeliciousthanthatone 2 LiLeijumpedfartherthanJim did 二 最高级用法 表示三者或三者以上 人或事物 的比较用最高级 最高级的前面一般要加定冠词the 后面可带of in among 短语来说明比较的范围 ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina Lucysings the bestofall Heisthemostcarefulamongus 三 同级比较的用法 在表示 和 一样 和 不及 这概念时 可以用 as 原级 as 和 notas so 原级 as 的句型 Ourteacherisasbusyasbefore Hedoesnotrunso as fastasI 几种比较级的使用句型 1 比较级 and 比较级 表示 越来越 1 YourEnglishisgettingbetterandbetter 你的英语越来越好了 2 ThesedaysmoreandmorepeoplearelearningEnglish 现在学英语的人越来越多了 2 the 比较级 the 比较级 表示 越 就越 Themore thebetter 越多越好 Thebusierheis thehappierhefeels 他越忙越高兴 3 more less than 表示 超过 不到 Sheismorethanthirty 她三十多岁了 Thelightestweighslessthan50kilograms 最轻的不到五十公斤 4 moreorless 表示 差不多 或多或少 Theproblemismoreorlesssolved 这个问题差不多已经解决了 Isitstraight Moreorless 它直吗 差不多吧 6 注意点 1 形容词最高级前一定要用the 副词最高级前可省略 Hedid the bestintheexam 2 在比较级中为了避免重复 在the后常用one that those等词来替代前面提到过的名词1 Thispenisshorterthanthatone 2 TheweatherhereiswarmerthanthatofShanghai 3 Theboysinourschoolleaveschoollaterthanthoseintheirs 3 用or连接两项需作比较的内容时 须用比较级 若or连接三项或三项以上的内容时 则须用最高级 Whoistaller MaryorJane Whichisthebiggest thesun themoonortheearth 4 可用much still alittle even far threeyears等表示程度的状语来修饰比较级 SheismuchtallerthanMrs Liu HeisthreeyearsolderthanI Thisproblemisalittlemoredifficultthantheotherone 同义句转换 1 Heistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass Heistallerthantheotherstudentsinhisclass Heistallerthananyoftheotherstudentsinhisclass Heisthetallest student inhisclass 2 KateisnotascarefulasMillie MillieismorecarefulthanKate KateislesscarefulthanMillie 3 LucysingsbetterthanLily LilysingsworsethanLucy Lilydoesn tsingaswellasLucy 1 It simportanttokeepcalminanemergency Ifyouarefrightened youmaymakewrongreactions 2 Motherjoinsmeinsendingourbestwishes 3 Theypresentedasumofmoneytothecollegeinmemoryoftheirson 4 HehasagoodcommandofFrench sothathecancommunicatewiththeFrenchguestswell 5 Vietnammadeanofficialrequestthattheconferencebepostponed 6 HovcanIpersuadeyouthatI msincere 7 Anearthquakeleftthewholecityinruins 8 Yourescuedmefromanembarrassingsituation 9 Attackisthebestdefense 10 Thewholesituationwassoridiculous Isimplyburstintolaughter Quizonadjs andadverbs 1 形容词分为 形容词和 形容词 2 指出以下形容词在句子中的成分 Thepricesoundsreasonable Somethingserioushashappenedtohim Imakeherhappy 3 写出三个表语形容词 4 形容词在修饰由no some 构成的复合不定代词时 放在被修饰的词后面 5 指出下列副词的种类 carelessly quite whether everywhere never 6 写出big和little的比较级和最高级 7 翻译 问题越难 他回答出来的可能性就越小 我等的越久就变得越不耐烦 那所学校的学生数量多达4ooo人 Themoredifficultthequestionsare thelesslikelyheisabletoanswerthem ThelongerIwaited thelesspatientIbecame Thenumberofthestudentsinthatschoolreachesasmanyas4 000 练一练 选择 1Wedon thavemuchhomeworknowandourschoolbagsare theyusedtobe 锦州09 A asheavyasB notasheavyasC asheavilyasD notasheavilyas 2 weplant ourcitywillbe A Themoretrees thebeautifulB Thelesstrees themorebeautifulC Themoretrees themorebeautifulD Thelesstrees thebeautiful B C 3 Don tworry Yourbabyislookedafter here thenursesarevery 常州09 A careful carefullyB carefully carefulC care carelessD careless care 4 Theairinourcityis thanitusedtobe Somethingmustbedonetostopit 兰州09 A VerygoodB muchbetterC evenworseD Ratherbad 5 Myfathertoldmeastorylastnight Itis I veeverheard 兰州09 A funnierB funniestC thefunniestD thefunnier B C C 6 Johnsingssowell Hasheeverbeentrained No Helearnsallbyhimself He goestoanytrainingclass A usuallyB neverC oftenD even 7 Whata cough Youseem ill A terrible terriblyB terribly terribleC terrible terribleD terribly terribly 8 ThepopulationofBeijingislargerthan Shenzhen A B theoneinC thatofD thoseof B A c 1 Mr Greenisfeeling enoughtogotowork 好 2 Theoldmanlooksmuch thanyouthink friend 3 Thisboxisnotso asthatone 重 4 Lucyjumped ofthefour high 5 Themanlooked 生气地 athissonandsaid Goaway well morefriendly heavy highest angrily Morepractice 1 Jackgetup todaythanyesterday early 2 Pleasedoyourhomework careful 3 Heistootiredtogoany far 4 LeLeiruns fast thanI buthedoesn trunas fast asmybrother 5 ExerciseFiveis thanExerciseFour difficult earlier carefully farther faster fast moredifficult Morepractice2 Heismuch thanI thin Theworkisn thard Icanfinishit easy Thereis waterintheglassthanthebottle little Hehasbeenillforfewdays Hefeelseven today bad Lasttermhestudiedhard Heisgoingtostudy thisterm hard thinner easily less worse harder Morepractice3 1 DoeshespeakEnglish hisfather A asgoodasB aswellasC bestthanD asbetteras 2 Peteris thanhisuncle A morefatterB fatterC fatD veryfat 3 Tomis thanI A olderfiveyearsB fiveyearsolderC fiveyearselderD oldestbyfiveyears 4 Thismathsproblemis thatone A notsoeasyasB moreeasythanC aseasierasD easythan 5 TheSummerPalaceis thanalltheotherparksinBeijinganditis parkinBeijing A beautiful beautifulB morebeautiful morebeautifulC mostbeautiful themostbeautifulD morebeautiful themostbeautiful B B B A D Morepractice4 6 Whichdoyoulike basketball footballorvolleyball A moreB verymuchC mostD best 7 Marylooks athome A happyB happilyC happierD morehappy 8 Thisplayisn tas asthatone A moreinterestingB interestingC muchinterestingD mostinteresting 9 ThisTVsetis ofthethree A cheapB cheaperC cheapestD thecheapest 10 Ihavenotlearnedtheword A alreadyB stillC alsoD yet D A B D D 表达倍数的常用结构 1 数词 times as 形容词原级 asThisroomistwiceasbigasthatone 2 数词 times 形容词比较级 thanThisroomistwicebiggerthanthatone 3 数词 times 性质名词 of 性质名词主要有 length size height weight depth等 Thisroomistwicethesizeofthatone 4 not half as 形容词原级 asThisroomishalfasbigasthatone 1 03北京卷 Ourneighborhas ours A asabighouseasB asbigahouseasC thesamebighouseasD ahousethesamebigas2 05湖北卷 Whatatable I veneverseensuchathingbefore Itisitislong A halfnotaswidea