第十一章 定语从句.doc

第十一章 定语从句一、 指出下列句子哪些为定语从句1. Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.2. It was not long before I forgot it all.3. in the dark street, there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.4. I dont doubt that he can speak English.5. He is a teacher I like very much6. I like swimming, which is a very good sport.7. This is the reason why I came here.8. We came to the town, where we stayed for 2 days.二、 定语从句的定义三、 定语从句的分类In their class there are fifteen students who can speak English well.In their class there are fifteen students, who can speak English well.She has two sons who are PLA men.She has two sons, who are PLA men.四、 定语从句的研究重点五、 先行词 概念 请标出下列句子中的先行词1. There was a young man who liked adventure.2. The towel which you gave me wasnt clean.3. The man who came first is Mike.4. Thank you for the record you gave me.六、 关系词 概念 分类a.b.七、 关系代词 关系代词和普通代词的区别翻译下列句子1. 我有一个姐姐。 她在上海工作。2. 我有一个在上海工作的姐姐。3. 这座建筑是我们学校。 这座建筑矗立在河边。4. 这座矗立在河边的建筑是我们学校。区别：关系代词的种类：先行词主格宾格所有格人物 关系代词的使用先行词为人时 （who/whom/that/whose）翻译下列句子：1. 她就是和我一起去那儿的女孩。2. 这就是叫我们的数学老师。3. 你上周想见的那个人现在在上海。4. 有很多年轻人反对他。5. 他是我最不想见到的人。6. 任何不能完成指定任务的人都应该受到批评。7. 凡是想去长城的人在这里签名。8. 昨天晚上你遇见的那位男孩是一位学习非常努力的组长。9. 昨天，我遇到一位能用汉语问我问题的带着一位小孩的外国人。10. 我看见了一位皮包被偷了的妇女。11. 在大会上被表扬的那位妇女是谁？使用规则：1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.当先行词为物时 （which/ that/ whose/ of which）翻译下列句子：1. 放在这个钱包里的钱是我的。2. 昨天我妈妈给我的钱已经被偷走了。3. 这是被用来防止污染的最好的方法。4. 这是我看到的第一部这类美国影片。5. 你丢失的是那一辆自行车？6. 你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？7. 你应该把你所有的一切都交上来。8. 我们唯一能做的就是给你一些钱。9. 爱迪生办了一个工厂，生产过去从未见过的东西。10. 请把封面是红色的那本书拿给我看看。11. 这就是你将要在那里住的旅馆。12. 让我给你看看我从刚开放的图书馆借来的小说。规则：1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.关系代词和介词的关系 介词在关系代词前面时，介词宾语只能用which(物)，和whom（人）。This is the hero of whom we are proud.I want to find that very pen with which I wrote that letter. 当介词在末尾时This is the hero that/ who/ whom we are proud of.I want to the pen that/ which I wrote the letter with.关系代词的省略 当关系代词在从句中担任动词的宾语时The people (who/ whom/ that) we met at the party were very friendly to us. 当关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，且介词在句尾时I want to the pen that/ which I wrote the letter with. 当关系代词在从句中作表语时。Shanghai is no longer the city that/ which it used to be. 在there be句型中。There is an old man (who) wants to meet you.八、 关系副词分类：作用：When/ where将下列使用关系副词的句子改为使用关系代词的句子1. This is the house where I was born.2. The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean.3. He came at a time when we needed help.将下列句子翻译成使用关系副词的句子，并改写为使用关系代词的句子1. 这就是我两年前在那儿工作过的房子。2. 我永远也忘不了我参军的那一天。3. 他没能找到四十年前他曾经生活过的地方。Why翻译下列句子1. 我给你打电话的原因就是想邀请你参加一个晚会。2. 原因就是我想邀请你参加一个晚会。九、 As 引导的定语从句As 引导限制性定语从句主要用到下面两个句型当中Suchasthe sameas例句：We have found such materials as are used in their factory.He is not the same man as he was.翻译下列句子：1. 你描绘的这种人现在已经很少了。2. 这东西和我们所需要的东西是一样的。特殊：1. such asThis book is not such as I expect.He told me of his experience such as I had never had before.2. the sameasthe samethatHe uses the same book as you.He uses the same book as/that you do十、 非限制性定语从句非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解，在非限定性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开，如若将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间，前后都需要用逗号隔开。引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词： 指代对象指代人指代物主格whowhich, as宾格whomwhich, as所有格of whom, whosewhich, of which, whose引导非限定性定语从句的关系副词主要有：when, whereHe has a son, who is a government official.This is Jack, whom Tom often talks about.The teacher is from Beijing, which they know from his accent.As everybody can see, great changes have taken place in China.She didnt sleep well in the first few days, when another girl shared the room with her.as 和which的区别1在SVO（主谓宾）结构中的非限制性定语从句中，作主语时通常用which，而不用as。例如：Tom has made great progress, which(不用as) delighted us.汤姆已经取得了很大的进步,这使我们很高兴。2. 在SVOCc(宾补) 结构的非限制性定语从句中，作主语或宾语时通常用which而不 用as。例如：He changed his mind, which(不用as) made me very angry. 他改变了主意,这使我很生气。 It was raining hard, which(不用as) kept us indoors.雨下得很大,这使我们呆在家里。 Betty always tells a lie, which(不用as) her parents find strange.贝蒂总是说谎,她的父母发现奇怪。3. as引导非限制性定语从句时，通常用在表示肯定意义的从句中，而不能用在表示否定意义的从句中；which则不受此限制。例如：Mummy treats me just like a baby, which(不用as) I cant bear. 妈妈对我就像一个婴儿,我不能忍受。 She has married again, which(不用as) was unexpected. 她已再婚,这是出乎意料的 。4. as所引导的非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活，它可以位于句末，也可位于句首或句中；而which所引导的非限制性定语从句位置比较固定，通常位于句末，而不可移至句首。例如： As (不可用which) he realized, I was very useful to him. 当他意识到,我对他来说很有用。 As(不可用which) was natural, he married her. 这是自然的,他和她结婚。十一、定语从句和名词从句的区别区别下列句子：(1) As is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month. (2) It is known to everyone that the moon travels round the earth once every month. (1)Shenzhen is no longer what it used to be.(2) Shenzhen is no longer the place that it used to be.(1) Please tell me the reason why he didnt attend the meeting.(2) Please tell me why he didnt attend the meeting.(1) The fact puzzles me much that I have been unable to pass the driving test up to now.(2) Do you understand the easier fact that (which) he explained to you just now?判断的方法是：由关系代词或副词引起的句子直接充当句中某一成分，即为名词性从句；如果这个句子修饰前面的一个名词即先行词或指代整个句子的内容，即为定语从句。练习：I. 选择适当的关系代词或关系副词把下列句子补充完整。1. His father died in the year _ he was born.2. He is unlikely to find the place _ he lived forty years ago.3. Do you remember the day _ you joined our club?4. Recently I bought a beautiful vase _ price was quite reasonable.5. The reason _ I came here is to get your help.6. I got the book in a small bookstore, the name of _ I cannot remember.7. I will never forget the day _ we first met.8. Is this the factory _ you once worked for?9. Is that the reason _ he gave for his terrible behavior?10. The kind girl _ shared her umbrella with me this morning turned out to be my boss.1. The famous basketball star, _ tired to make a come back, attracted a lot of attention. A where B when C which D who2. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the palce. A where B which C while D why3. _ is mentioned above, the number of the student in senior school is increasing. A Which B As C That D It4. He was every rude to the Customs officer, _ of course made thing even worse. A who B whom C what D which 5. _ is known to all, China will be an advanced powerful country in 20 or 30 years time. A That B This C As D It6. The old day, _ had been killed in the war, was given help by the local government. A all her children B all of her children C all of whose children D whose of all children7. The favorite room is the tidy study with a fireplace, _ we can watch TV and enjoy the nice scenery outside. A where B when C that D which 8. Another unmanned spacecraft “Shenzhou II”, _ China greets the 21st century, makes new progress in the centurys space program. A for which B from which C in which D with which9. We were next-door neighbors for three years, during _ time we met only twice. A which B this C that D same10. The British are not familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing thing, _ is often the cases in other countries. A that B so C what D as11. The artist _ the judge gave a price is the teacher _ I have been taught painting for two years. A from whom; by whom B to whom; who C from; who D to whom; by whom12. On the bus I saw a student _ I thought was your brother. A who B whom C which D whoever13. He has two sons, _ work as chemists A two of whom B both of whom C both of which D all of whom14. Delias going to join us, _ was agree on the day before yesterday. A it B that C what D as 15. You can use a l