高三英语二轮12个专题复习学案.doc

第一篇 基础巩固篇专题复习一 高中英语词汇词形转换总结第一部分 词形转换总结一、名词的复数形式构成：1. 以f或fe结尾的名词变复数(1) 加s, 如：cafes, giraffes(2) 去f, fe加ves, 如： half-halvesknife-knivesleaf-leaveslife-liveswolf-wolves thief-thievesself-selveswife-wivesshelf-shelves 歌诀记忆：树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己(self)黄；妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去割粮；架(shelf)后窜出一匹狼(wolf)；就像小偷(thief)逃命(life)亡。这9个名词变复数时, 都要改f(e)为v, 再加es, 2. 以o结尾的名词, 变复数(1) 加s, 如：photo-photospiano-pianosradio-radioszoo-zooskilo-kilos(2) 加es, 如：potato-potatoestomato-tomatoesmango-mangoes, Negro-Negroeshero-heroes 歌诀记忆：黑人(Negro)和英雄(hero)爱吃芒果、西红柿(tomato)和马铃署(potato). 除了这五个以o结尾的名词加es外, 其余的以o结尾的词加s.3. 表示“国家”的名词变复数Chinese-Chinese Japanese-JapaneseEnglishman-Englishmen Frenchman-FrenchmenRussian-Russians Indian-Indians Canadian-CanadiansAmerican-Americans 歌诀记忆：中(Chinese)日(Japanese)不变, 英(Englishman)法(Frenchman)变, 其余s加后面。4. 以复数形式出现的名词goods货物trousers/pants /jeans /shorts裤子clothes衣服 glasses眼镜5. 以s结尾, 仍为单数的名词(1) maths, politics, physics等学科名词, 为不可数名词, 是单数。(2) news是不可数名词。(3) the United States, the United Nations应视为单数。6. 由man和woman构成的合成名词, 两个构成部分都要变成复数如：a man worker-two men workers(男工人)a woman doctor-two women doctors(女医生)7. 以辅音字母y结尾的名词, 变y为i再加es。例如：baby-babies, city-cities, story-stories, party-parties, lady-ladies, diary-diaries, century-centuries, copy-copies, 还有: country, company, factory, family, memory, enemy, hobby, dictionary, university8. 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词加es, 如：class, bus, boss, class, glass, dress, box , fox, watch, speech, beach, church, sandwich, coach, match, inch, brush, dish, wish, fish9. 其他不规则变化man-men, woman-women, goose-geese, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, child-childrenfish-fish, deer-deer, sheep-sheep, mouse-mice, fisherman-fishermen, policeman-policemen, chairman-chairmen, spaceman-spacemen, postman-postmen, salesman-salesmen, snowman-snowmen.歌诀记忆：男人(man)女人(woman)a变e, 鹅(goose)足(foot)牙(tooth) oo变ee, 孩子(child)加上ren, 鱼(fish)鹿(deer)绵羊(sheep)不用变。注: fish指鱼的种类时, 要加上es构成其复数；当指鱼的条数时, 单复数同形；指鱼肉时, 为不可数名词。二、代词 (人称代词、物主代词、反身代词的构成)第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数人称代词主格Iweyouyouhe/she/itthey宾格meusyouyouhim/her/itthem物主代词形容词性myouryouryourhis/her/itstheir名词性mineoursyoursyourshis/hers/itstheirs反身代词myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimselfherselfitselfthemselves三、数词 (基数词、序数词、分数、百分数)常考查的序数词: first, second, third, fifth, twelfth, eighth, ninth, twentieth, fortieth, ninetieth, twenty-first基变序, 有规律, 末尾加上th; 一二三特殊记, 八加h, 九去e, ve 要用f 替; y结尾变ie, 后跟th 莫忘记; 若想表示几十几, 只变个位就可以。四、形容词和副词 (原级、比较级、最高级)(1) 一般在词尾加er/est: great-greater-greatest, young-younger-youngest, slow-slower-slowest(2) 以e结尾的词加r/st: nice-nicer-nicest, large-larger-largest再如: huge, wise, wide, fine, late(3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的词把y改i再加er/est:heavy-heavier-heaviest, easy-easier-easiest, busy-busier-busiest, funny-funnier-funniest, early-earlier-earliest, 再如: lucky, healthy, lazy, angry, happy, hungry(4) 以一个读短音的元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾, 双写该辅音字母再加er/est:big-bigger-biggest, thin-thinner-thinnest, fat-fatter-fattest,fit-fitter-fittest, wet-wetter-wettest, hot-hotter-hottest, 再如: mad, sad, glad(5) 多音节词在其前加more/most:careful-more careful-most careful, useful-more useful-most usefulpopular-more popular-most popular, slowly-more slowly-most slowlycarelessly-more carelessly-most carelessly, politely-more politely-most politely(6) 不规则变化的词good/well-better-best ; bad/ill/badly-worse-worstmany/much-more-most; little-less-leastold-older/elder-oldest(指年龄大小)/eldest(指长幼顺序)far-farther/further-farthest(指距离)/furthest(指程度)五、动词：(原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式、过去分词)1. 第三人称单数：(1)-s buys, stays, plays, enjoys, destroys, says, ties, lies, waits, shops, begins(2)-es brush, rush, push, fish, wish, wash, teach, watch, catch, match, search, dress, miss, discuss, fix, relax, do, go(3)去y加ies carry, hurry, worry, try, cry, dry(v.), fly, reply, copy, study, tidy (v) 2. 现在分词：(1)-ing waiting, raining, happening, visiting, suffering, seeing(2)去e加ing give, leave, have, lose, invite, close, admire, breathe, cause, prepare(3)双写辅音字母加ing sit, hit, cut, put, chat, get, forget, shut, set, let, fit begin, plan, win, run, spin; nod, swim, dig, jog, step, clap, rob, rub, kidnap, shop, drop, prefer, travel, quarrel, control(4) ie-ying die, lie, tie dying, lying, tying3. 过去式/过去分词 (规则变化)(1)-ed enjoyed, destroyed, stayed, played, waited, rained, happened, visited, suffered(2)e-d advise, ache, practice, arrive, believe, receive, refuse, share, continue, breathe, notice, manage, celebrate, change, score, communicate, dance, decide, describe, force, divide, encourage, hate, hope, move, waste, exercise, imagine, increase, cause, compare, care, complete, introduce, produce, provide, prove, promise, invite, praise, prepare (3)双写辅音字母加ed chat, fit, clap, stop, step, shop, drop, rub, rob, kidnap, jog, plan, nod, prefer, travel, quarrel, control(4)去y 加 ied study, carry, hurry, worry, dry, try, cry, copy, reply, tidy(v.)(5)动词不规则变化表（附后）六 构词法：1) v.变n. -men: treatment, movement, excitement, improvement, development, agreement, advertisement, achievement, punishment, encouragement, judgement/judgment, argument(特殊变化)-ion: invention, collection, direction, action, attraction, suggestion, discussion, connection, instruction, introduction去e加ion: educate, donate, celebrate, operate, communicate, graduate, congratulate, create去e加ation: prepare, invite, organize, imagine, examinede变sion: decide-decision conclude-conclusion(结论)-ing: training, meaning, acting, building, meeting, greeting, feeling, shaking, warning-or: director, actor, visitor, inventor-er: player, reader, leader, owner, worker, teacher, speaker, waiter, supporter, farmer, reporter, driver, dancer, writer, producer, manager, winner, runner, swimmer, robber, kidnapper, shopper, traveller-ress: waitress, actress-ance: appearance, acceptance, performancen. ist: science- scientist, artist, touristn.-er/r: prisoner, villager特殊变化: beg(乞讨)-beggar(乞丐) behave(行为举止)-behavior know(知道)-knowledge(知识) fly-flight (飞行) heat (加热)-heat(热量) hit (撞击)-hit( 轰动一时的人或物) mix (混合)-mixture(混合物) press(按,压)-pressure(压力) sit(坐)-seat (座位) succeed-success(成功)tour-tour(旅游)/ tourist (游客)2) adj.变n.-ness: illness, sickness, kindness, sadness,(un)happiness, business, ugliness-y/ty: difficulty, safety; able-ability-er/r: foreigner, strangert变ce: different, silent, important, patient, confident-th: long-length, strong-strength, warmth, true-truth, wide-width, deep-depth3) n.变adj.-ous: dangerous, humorous, poisonous-ern: eastern, western, southern, northern-able: suitable, comfortable, fashionable, enjoyable , valuable-al: national, international, educational, traditional, musical, personal去e加al: natural, cultural, practical-y: lucky, healthy, sleepy, sporty, dirty, rainy, snowy, cloudy, windy, funny, sunny, foggy 去e加y: noise-noisy, taste-tasty, shine-shiny-ly: lovely, lively, friendly, lonely, daily, weekly-ful: careful, useful, harmful, helpful, hopeful, meaningful, successful-less: careless, useless, harmless, meaningless, endless, homeless-n: American, Australian, Indian, Russian, Asian, African, European, Canada-Canadian-en: wool(l)en, wooden, golden4) v.变adj.-ed: surprised, amazed, bored, excited, tired, interested, frightened, relaxed, satisfied, worried -ing: surprising, amazing, boring, exciting, tiring, interesting, frightening, relaxing, satisfying, sleeping, living, coming, smiling-ive: active, attractive, detective, creative, imaginativea- : alive, asleep, awake5) adj.变adv.-ly: quickly, quietly, sadly, slowly, carefully, hopefully, successfully, excitedlyle变为ly: gently, possibly, probably, (un)comfortably, terribly, simply去y 加ily: busy, happy, easy, lazy, heavy, crazy, (un)lucky, (un)healthy, noisy, necessary去e加ly: true-truly 6) 前缀：dis- : v. dislike, disagree, disappear adj. dishonest n. disadvantage im-: impossible, impatient, impolitein-: incorrect, incomplete(不完整的), inconvenient (不便利的), inactiveir-: irregularun-: unable, unkind, unfriendly, unusual, uncommon, unlucky, unhealthy, unwelcome, unfair, unnecessary, unpleasant , unimportant, unpopular, uncomfortable 附表：常用不规则动词表1.AAA动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义broadcastbroadcastbroadcast广播.播放.播送burstburstburst爆炸.突然发作costcostcost花费cutcutcutcutting割，切hurthurthurt受伤hithithithitting打，撞letletletletting让putputputputting放下readreadread读ridrid/riddedrid/riddedridding使摆脱.使去掉setsetsetsetting安排，安置spreadspreadspread展开，传播，涂spitspit/spatspit/spatspitting吐痰,shutshutshutshutting关上.停止营业2.AAB动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义beatbeatbeaten打败3.ABA动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义becomebecamebecomebecoming变comecamecomecoming来runranrunrunning跑overcomeovercameovercomeovercoming克服.战胜 4.ABB（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d, t或ed构成过去式或过去分词。 动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义burnburnt/burnedburnt/burned燃烧dealdealtdealt解决.处理. dreamdreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamt做梦hearheardheard听见.听说hanghanged/ hunghanged/ hung绞死/悬挂learnlearned/learntlearned/learnt学习lightlit/lightedlit/lighted点燃, 照亮meanmeantmeant意思.意味 proveprovedproven/provedproving证明, 证实,试验shineshoneshoneshining使照耀，使发光showshowedshowed/shown展示, 给.看smellsmelled/smeltsmelled/smelt闻, 嗅speedsped/speededsped/speeded加速spellspelled/speltspelled/spelt拼写wakewaked/wokewaked/wokenwaking醒来，叫醒, 激发（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。 动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义buildbuiltbuilt建筑bendbentbent弯曲.屈服lendlentlent借给rebuildrebuiltrebuilt改建, 重建sendsentsent送spendspentspent花费（3）原形ought ought 动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义bringbroughtbrought带来buyboughtbought买fightfoughtfought打架.战斗thinkthoughtthought思考,想seeksoughtsought寻找.追求. （4）原形aught aught原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义catchcaughtcaught捉,抓teachtaughttaught教.教授（5）变其中一个元音字母动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义awakeawokeawokenawaking唤醒.唤起digdugdugdigging挖掘.钻研. feedfedfed喂养.饲养fleefledfled逃避.逃跑. findfoundfound发现，找到getgotgot/gottengetting得到holdheldheld拥有.握住leadledled引导,领导meetmetmet遇见sitsatsat坐shootshotshot射击spitspit/spatspit/spatspitting吐痰,stickstuckstuck刺入,粘住strikestruckstruck/strickenstriking撞击.冲击. winwonwonwinning赢.获胜（6）原形-lt/pt/ft-lt/pt/ft动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义feelfeltfelt感到keepkeptkept保持leaveleftleftleaving离开sleepsleptslept睡觉sweepsweptswept扫weepweptwept哭泣.流泪. （7）其它动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义laylaidlaid下蛋, 放置paypaidpaid付款saysaidsaid说.讲.表示standstoodstood站understandunderstoodunderstood明白loselostlostlosing失去havehadhadhaving有.持有 makemademademaking制造.构成sellsoldsold卖telltoldtold告诉retellretoldretold重复.复述windwoundwound缠绕.迂回5.ABC（1）原形过去式原形+(e)n动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义blowblewblown吹风.喘气 drivedrovedrivendriving驾驶drawdrewdrawn画画.拖拽eatateeaten吃fallfellfallen落下.跌倒forbidforbad/forbadeforbiddenforbidding禁止.不许givegavegivengiving给.提供growgrewgrown生长.种植forgiveforgaveforgivenforgiving原谅, 饶恕knowknewknown知道mistakemistookmistakenmistaking弄错; 误解,overeatoverateovereaten(使)吃过量proveprovedproven/provedproving证明, 试验taketooktakentaking拿.接受throwthrewthrown抛.扔.掷rideroderiddenriding骑.乘车seesawseen看见.sewsewedsewed/sewn缝制.缝合showshowedshownshowing展示shakeshookshakenshaking摇动.震动writewrotewrittenwriting写（2）原形过去式过去式+(e)n动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义breakbrokebroken打破.打碎choosechosechosenchoosing选择getgotgot/gottengetting得到hidehidhiddenhiding隐藏forgetforgotforgottenforgetting忘记.忽略freezefrozefrozenfreezing冷冻.结冰speakspokespoken说话.谈话 stealstolestolen偷窃.偷盗（3）变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词） 动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义beginbeganbegunbeginning开始drinkdrankdrunk喝singsangsung唱sinksanksunk下沉, 沉没swimswamswumswimming游泳ringrangrung戒指.环围住（4）其它 动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义be(am,is,are)was/ werebeen是bearboreborn/borne负担, 忍受dodiddone做flyflewflown飞行gowentgone去lielay（lied）lain（lied）lying躺.位于（说谎）wearworeworn穿bitebitbittenbiting咬.刺痛teartoretorn流泪.撕破.猛冲注：“”表示在动词原形后直接加ing第二部分 词形转换强化训练一、 形容词 副词 adj. + ly adv. abrupt _ absolute _ accurate _ active _actual _ adequate _angry _ automatic _bare _ basic _close _ comparative _ complete _considerable _ definite _ _ deliberate _ dramatic _ easy _ economic _entire _ extreme _ gentle _ heavy _ necessary _ possible _ private _ probable _public _safe _ separate _ simple _ steady _ terrible _ true _ whole _ wide _full _ careful _ typical _ 二、名词 形容词 n. + ly adj.day _ brother _ friend _ father _ n. + ern adj. east _ south _ west _ north _northeast _ northwest _ southeast _ southwest _ n. + y adj. cloud _ rain _ snow _ water _ fur _ health _ ice _ mud _ hair _ scare _ sleep _ sun _ n. + ful adj. beauty _ colour _ delight_ doubt _ faith _ pain _ peace _ use _ n. + less adj.end _ home _ penny _ wire _ n. + al adj. act _ addition _ agriculture _ benefit _center _ coast _ digit _ environment _ fate _ finance _ globe _ medicine _ memory _ music _ nature _ office _ politics _ race _ region _ society _ spirit _ technique _ _theory _ technology _tradition _universe _ 三、动词 名词v. + tion n. accuse _adapt _ add _ adopt _ apply _ appreciate _ associate _assume _ combine _ compete _ compose _ consider _ converse _ declare _ describe _ edit _ examine _expect _ explain _ explore _ identify _ pronounce_ imply _ inspire _ intend _introduce _ invite _ observe _ organize _ prepare _ produce _ recognize_reduce _ repeat _ separate _v. + sion n.admit _ conclude _ confuse _ decide _ depress _ discuss