八年级英语第1,2单元基础知识整理.doc

目标英语八年级下册第一单元基础知识一.词型转化:1.will not(缩写)wont 2.they will(缩写)theyll 3.few(比较级)fewer(最高级)fewest 4.pollute(名词)pollution 5.build(名词)building 6.fly(过去式)flew(过去分词)flown 7.take(过去式)took(过去分词)taken 8.fall(过去式)fell(过去分词)fallen 9.probable(副词)probably 10.predict(名词)prediction 11.company(名复)companies 12.think(过去式)thought(名词)thought13.pleasant(反义词)unpleasant 14.make(过去式)made 15.bore(形容词)bored 16.possible(反义词)impossible(副词)possibly 17.toothbrush(名复)toothbrushes 18.bet(过去式)bet 19.little(比较级)less(最高级)least 20.I(反身代词)myself 21us(反身代词)ourselves 22.casually(比较级)more casually 23.agree(反义词)disagree 24.unpleasant(比较级)more unpleasant(最高级)most unpleasant 25.same(反义词)different 26.二.词组:1.on computers通过电脑 2.live to be 200 years old活到200岁 3.in 100 years在以后的一百年里 4.less free time更少的自由的时间 5.more pollution更多的污染 6.an astronaut一个宇航员 7.an apartment一座公寓 8.space station太空站 9.a computer programmer一个计算机软件设计者 10.fall in love with爱上(某人或某物) 11.in the future在将来 12.as a reporter作为一个记者 13.在度假on vacation 14.be able to do sth=can do sth能够受的做某事 15.饲养宠物鹦鹉keep a pet parrot 16下一界世界杯the next World Cup 17.预测未来predict the future 18.one of the biggest movie companies最大的电影公司之一 19.see sb do sth 看见某人做过某事 20.see sb doing sth看见某人正在做某事 21.be like=look like看上去像 22.wear a uniform穿着校服23.wake up醒来 24.make sb do sth让某人做一某事make后跟动词原形 make robots look like people 25.get bored变得厌恶 26.over and over again反复地 27.many different shapes许多不同的形状 28.help sb (to ) do sth=help sb with sth帮助某人做某事 29.seem possible看上去是可能的 30.a hundred years ago一百年以前 31.hundreds of years ago几百年以前 32.the same as和.一样 33.try to do sth尽力做某事try后跟动词不定式 34.come true实现,成为现实 35.as well as也=too 36.be worth doing sth值得做某事 That film is worth seeing.那部电影值得看.stay at home呆在家 37.in some science fiction movies在一些的科幻电脑里三.重要句子:1.-Will there be less pollution?-Yes,there will./No,there wont.2.Everything will be free.一切将免费 3.Theyll study at home on computers.他们将在家通过电脑学习.4.I think there will be more pollution.我认为污染更严重.5.I dont like living alone.我不喜欢单独生活在一起.6.Ill go to Hong Kong on vacation.我将去香港度假.7.I went to Shanghai last year and fell in love with it.我去年去了上海并且深深地爱上了它.8.They help with the housework and do the most unpleasant jobs.他们帮着做家务和做闻不愉快的工作9.Scientists are now trying to make robots look like people and do the same as us.科学家正尽力造的机器人看上去像人和像我们一样做相同的事情.10.It will be difficult for a robot to do the same things as a person.让机器人像人一样的做一样的事情将很难.11.Its easy for a child to wake up and know where they are.对一个小孩来说醒来和知道他们在那里很容易.12.We never know what will happen in the future!我们将不知道将来会发生什么事.新目标英语八年级下册第二单元基础知识一.词型转化:1.keep(过去式)kept 2.argue(过去式)argued 3.pay(过去式)paid 4.surprise(形容词)surprising/surprised 5.too(否定词)either 6.too(反义词)neither 7.fail(名词)failure 8.get(过去式)got 9.return=give back归还,送回10.return=get back返回 11.send(过去式)sent 12.organize(形容词)organized 13.free(名词)freedom 14.lend(对应词)borrow 15.shall(过去式)should 16.loudly(形容词)loud 17.will(过去式)would 18.argue(现在分词) arguing 19.inexpensive(反义词)expensive20.tutor(名复)tutors二.词组:1,stay at home 呆在家 2, every night 每天晚上3,play CDs 放CD 4,too loud 太吵 5,out of style 过时的 6,enough money 足够的钱7,go to his house 去他家 8,give him a ticket 给他一张票9,a ball game 一场球赛 10,talk about 谈论11,on the phone 通过电话 12,get some money 得一些钱13,pay for 支付 14,summer camp 夏令营15,get a part-time job 做一份兼职工作 16,have a bake sale 卖烧烤17,the radio advice program 电台建议节目 18,the same as 与。一样19,the same clothes as 与。一样的衣服 20,get different clothes 买不同的衣服21,have a problem 有麻烦 22,at school 在学校 23,find out 发现，找出 24,last week 上周 25,after-school activities 课后活动26,busy enough 足够忙 27,after school 放学后28,get home 到家 29,as much as possible 尽可能多30,too much pressure 太多的压力 31,take part in 参加32,all kinds of 各种各样的 33,on the one hand 在一方面34,on the other hand 在另外一方面 35,by oneself 亲自 complain to sb about sth.因某事抱怨某人1. keep out不让进入2. out of style不时髦的；过时的 3. call sb. up打电话给 4. pay for付款 5. ask for要求6. the same as与同样的7. in style时髦的；流行的8. get on相处；进展9. as much as possible尽可能多10. all kinds of各种；许多11. on the one hand（在）一方面，12. on the other hand另一方面，1. argue with sb. 与某人争吵ague about/over sth. 为某事争吵out of style/danger 过时/脱离险境in style/danger 时尚/处于危险之中call up sb. （代词放中间）给某人打电话keep out 不让进入Whats wrong? 怎么啦？be surprised at 对感到吃惊borrow sth. from sb. 从某人那里借入某物need to do sth. （某人）需要做某事doing sth. （某物）需要做某事pay for sth. 为某物付（钱）the same + n. + as 与一样的n.get on well with sb. 与某人相处融洽have a fight with sb. 与某人争吵 take part in 加入plan sth. for sb. 为某人计划某事as much as possible 尽可能多的1. Sb. pay for sth. 某人为某物花了钱。Sth. cost sb. 某物花了某人钱。Sb. spend on sth. 某人花了（时间、金钱）在某事上。(in) doing sth. 某人花了（时间、金钱）做某事。It takes/took sb. to do sth. 花了某人（时间、金钱）做某事。2. not until 直到才 （主句动词是短暂性动词）until 一直到 （主句中使用延续性动词） You could write him a letter.What should he do? Maybe he should say hes sorry.What should they do? They shouldnt argue.三.重要句子:1.孩子应该有空闲时间来放松一下.Children should have free time to relax.2.Everyone else in my class was invited except me.除了我之外我班里的其他每个人都被邀请了.3.My cousin is the same age as me.我的表弟和我一样大.4.Their school days are busy enough.他们的学习日足够忙.5.The tired children dont get home until 7 pm.这些劳累的孩子们直到7点才回家新目标英语八年级下册第二单元知识点精析Unit 2 What should I do?一、知识点拨ILanguage Goals学会谈论有关生活中的问题。学会针对别人的问题给出建议。能针对所提出的建议做出评价。IIKey Words1argue v争论；争吵 argue with sb与某人吵架 I argued with my best friend我和我的好朋友吵架了。2either adv.（用于否定句）也 He doesnt have any money, and I dont, either他没有钱，我也没有。 too 也（用于肯定或疑问句） Im a teacherHe is a teacher, too我是老师，他也是老师。3ask （sb）for sth向某人寻求某物；要 Dont ask for food every dayGo and find some work别天天要饭，找点儿工作做。 I dont think you should ask your parents for some money我想你不应该向父母要钱。 He didnt want to ask his teacher for his book hack他不想向老师要回他的书了。4the same as. 与相同 The clothes are the same as my friends这些衣服与我朋友的一样。 Tom is the same age as Anna Tom is as old as Anna汤姆和安娜一样大。5except 除以外；（不包括在内） My class has been invited except me Only I havent been invited 除我以外，我的同学都被邀请了。 All the students went to the park except him Only he didnt get to the park besides 除以外（包括在内） 除他以外，所有的学生都去了公园。 We all went there besides him He went thereWe went there, too 除他去以外，我们也都去了。6wrong adj错误的；有毛病的；不合适的 Whats wrong with you? 你怎么了?（你哪里不舒服?） Ive got a headache我头痛。 adv错误地；不正确地；不对地 He answered wrong他答错了。7get on well with sb与某人相处融洽 The students will get on well with the teacher学生会和老师相处得非常好。 We get on well with each other我们彼此相处融洽。8have a fight with sb fight with sb与某人打架 I dont want to have a fight with my cousin我不想和我的堂兄打架。III. Key Sentences StructuresWhat should I do?You could write him a letterWhat should he do?Maybe he should say sorry to himWhat should they do?They shouldnt argue二、学习自评IListening Comprehension（A）Listen and match the correct pictures1（） 2（） 3（） 4（） 5（）（B）Listen carefully and write “T” （true）or “F” （false）before each statement（）1Jim wants to go shopping for a new shirt（ ）2Jim cant wear size six shoes（ ）3Jims mother saw some nice shops the other day（ ）4Jim prefers white to blue（ ）5They will buy the shoes on Saturday afternoonIIVocabularyMatch the words with their meanings（ ）1Genius（ ）2Attend（ ）3Solution（ ）4Pressure（ ）5Psychiatrist（ ）6Upset（ ）7family（ ）8Exhausted（ ）9Pair（ ）10ideaastrong or oppressive influencebnot happycpeople with relativesdanswer or the way to work out problemsetoo tired to do anythingfpictures in mindga person who is very intelligenthtake part iniperson who studies how people thinkjtwo things of the same kindIIIChoose the correct answers（）1I dont have any money and he doesnt, .Atoo Beither CalsoDneither（）2 do you go to the cinema? Every two weeksAHow long BHow many CHow often DHow much（）3You can this book for a weekAborrow Blend Ckeep Dbuy（）4Yesterday Dick made me for a long timeAto wait Bwait Cwaited Dwaiting（）5I need some money to buy clothes my motherHer clothes are out of styleAafter Bto Cof Dfor（）6My bike is brokenI have to go to school on foot .Aalso Binstead Cinstead of Dtoo（）7My friend has the same haircut I doAas Blike Cwith Dthan（）8The teacher told him late any moreAnot to be Bto be not Cbe not Dnot be（）9He the radio and began to listen to itAturned offBturned downCturned onDturned up（）10Im very because my best friend didnt invite me to come to his partyApopular Bhappy Clate DupsetIVForm sentences1I, friend, nicer, clothes, my, has, than, do2wears, the, clothes, my, same, I, do, brother, as3left, your, homework, at, you, home4doesnt, he, is, know, ID, where, your, card5are, invite, the singer, having, a, my friends, party, and, didnt, theyVFill in the blanks with these wordsare, played, for, with, out, about, keep, else, drops1My brother his stereo too loud2He is arguing his best friend3Its not easy to get a ticket a basketball game4I dont want to talk Tom in class5He borrowed a new car his father6We found that there would be an important test the next week7Her mother her off on No302 bus stop every day8You should everything nice and tidy9Everyone in my class is running except me10The Whites hanging out by the river VIReading comprehension（A）Can you make a telephone call? Of course you can make it in ChineseBut a call in English is quite different from the one ill ChineseIf you want to ask Mr. Smith to answer the telephone, you cannot say, “Please ask Mr. Smith to answer the telephone” Instead you must say, “May 1 speak to Mr. Smith?” If you want to ask if Mr. Smith is answering the telephone, you should say “Who is that? Is that Mr. Smith speaking?” instead of “Who are you?” If you want to tell the other one who you are, you should say, “This is Tom （speaking）” Instead of “Im Tom”（）1An English telephone call is a Chinese oneAnot the same as Bbetter thanCthe same as Das good as（）2If you want to ask who is answering the call, you should say “ ?”AWho am I BWho is beCWho are you DWho is that（）3If you want to tell the other one who you are on the telephone, you should say,“ .”AThis is. BIm. CThat is. DHe is.（）4If you want to ask Mr. Smith to answer the call, you should say “ ”APlease tell Mr. Smith to answer the telephoneBMay 1 speak to Mr. Smith?CI want to speak to Mr. SmithDAre you Mr. Smith?（）5Which sentence is right according to （根据）this passage?AIt tells the difference between calls in English and in ChineseBWe know how we call in EnglishCWe dont understand how we call in EnglishDIts easy to call in English（B）American schools begin in September after a long summer vacationThere are two terms in a school yearThe first term is from September to January, and the second is from February to JuneMost American children begin to go to school when they are five years oldMost students are seventeen or eighteen years old when they finish schoolHigh school students take only four or five subjects each termThey usually go to the same classes every day, and they have homework for every classAfter class they do many interesting thingsAfter high school, many students go to collegeThey can go to a small one or a large oneThey usually have to pay a lot of moneySo many college students work after class to get the money for their studiesQuestionsAnswers1How long is the summer holiday in America?2How old do most American children begin to go to school?3What do many students do after high school?4Why do American college students work after class?5How many subjects do high school students take each term?VIIWritingWrite your advice to solve the following problems1I dont have enough money2I argued wit