英美国家概况习题.doc

英美国家概况美国概况1. The Appalachian Mountains 阿巴拉契亚山脉 in the east coast of US2. The Rocky Mountains 落基山脉 in the west of US 阿巴拉契亚山脉 和 落基山脉是美国两座大山脉3. The Mississippi River 密西西比河 the longest river in US4. The Five Great Lakes五大湖 美国最重要的湖泊是五大湖：苏必利尔湖-Lake Superior，密执安湖-Lake Michigan，休伦湖-Lake Huron，伊利湖-Lake Eire和安大略湖-Lake Ontario，其中，苏必利尔湖为世界最大淡水湖，密执安湖全在美国境地内。5. The Niagara Falls尼亚加拉瀑布6. Yellowstone National Part黄石国家公园7. New England 新英格兰 美国东北部六个州组成: 缅因州-Maine, 新罕布什尔州-New Hampshire, 佛蒙特州-Vermont, 马萨诸塞州Massachusetts, 罗得岛州-Rhode Island, and康涅狄格-Connecticut.8. 芝加哥(Chicago)是五大湖最大最忙的港口，也是该地区最大的工商业中心。9. 底特律（Detroit）被称作世界汽车之都，奥马哈（Omaha）被称作美国农业之都。10. 火奴鲁鲁-Honolulu (即“檀香山”)是美国夏威夷州的首府；朱诺(Juneau)是美国阿拉斯加州首府。11. 美国面积最大的州是阿拉斯加(Alaska)，罗得岛(Rhode Island)最小。在美国大陆，最大的州是得克萨斯(Texas)。12. 就面积而言，美国在世界排第四；就人口而言，美国在世界排第三。13. Separation of Three Powers(三权分立)：Congress, the President and the Judicial Branch14. The Judicial Branch: (从低到高) District court(地方法院)the Circuit court(巡回上述法院)the Supreme Court(最高法院)15. 爵士乐-Jazz、摇滚乐-Rock and Roll和西部乡村音乐-Western country music是美国流行音乐的几种形式，爵士乐被认为是美国人对音乐的特别贡献。16. 报纸和杂志221. The New York Times 纽约时报2. Washington Post华盛顿邮报3. The Los Angeles Times洛杉矶时报4. The Wall Street Journal华尔街日报 5. Time时代周刊 6. Newsweek新闻周刊 7. Readers Digest读者文摘8. The Christian Science Monitor 基督教科学箴言报9. Fortune 幸福17.主要城市：1. Washington，DC(华盛顿特区)：the capital of the nation 2. New York(纽约)：It is the headquarters of the United NationsStanding in New York Bay is the Statue of Liberty，3. Boston (波士顿): the financial and trading centre of New England and one of the leading ports4. San Francisco (旧金山): a port city. The Golden Gate Bridge is located here.5. Los Angeles (洛杉矶): the manufacturing center. Hollywood and Disneyland are located here.6. Philadelphia (费城): the site where the two Continental Congresses were held in 1774 and 1775. the city was the nations capital from 1790 to 1800.7. Houston (休斯顿): the Pearl in the Gulf and the Space City of the U.S.A.8. Detroit (底特律): Motor City.18. 美国主要新闻广播公司和电视媒体1. ABC American Broadcasting Company 2. CBSColumbia Broadcasting System3. NBCNational Broadcasting Company 4. CNNCable News Network练习题1. The traditional dividing line in America between east and west is A. the Mississippi river. B. the Appalachians. C. the Rocky Mountains. D. the Hudson River.2. Which part in America is the earliest to be found and taken over by early settlers? A. The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain. B. The Appalachians and their foothills. C. The interior lowlands. D. The Cordillera.3. Which is the largest racial group in the whole population of U. S. A? A. Hispanics. B. American Indians. C. Non-Hispanics white. D. Asian Americans.4. Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is A. Latinos/Hispanics B. Asian Americans C. Native Americans D. African Americans5. has the worlds oldest written constitution and political party. A. America B. Canada C. England D. Australia6. As to roles of American president, which is NOT precisely defined in the U. S. Constitution? A. He is the head of the state. B. He is the chief executive of the U. S. C. He is the commander in chief of the armed forces. D. He is the head of his political party.7. The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by A. The New Deal B. World War II C. New energy sources D. Technological changes8.In the United States, how many years does primary education require? A. Four years. B. Five years. C. Six years. D. Seven years.9. Most college students in the United States are inA. private institutions B. city-funded universities C. high-tuition universities D. public institutions10. The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America are as follows EXCEPT A. the United States State Courts B. the United States District Courts C. the United States Courts of Appeal D. the United State Supreme Court11.All states of America are governed by the common law EXCEPT A. Louisiana B. Washington C. California D. New York12. Of the fifty states of America, how many states now have the death penalty as punishment? A. 37. B.38. C. 39. D. 40.13. The four major regions of the United States are A. Northeast B. South C. Midwest D. West E. North A. ABCD. B. ACDE. C. BCDE. D. ABCE.14.Which regions cultural character was shaped largely by Puritan spirit? A. The Middle-Atlantic Region. B. The New England Region. C. The Pennsylvanian Region. D. The Mormon Region.15. is the largest state in terms of size and population in America. A. California B. Indiana C. Kansas D. Massachusetts16. Which of the following is NOT in Middle-Atlantic Region? A. Broadway. B. The Statue of Liberty. C. Time Square. D. Bible Belt.17. Which of the following is NOT the characteristic of American characters? A. Ambition. B. Individualism. C. Consideration. D. Self-reliance.18. Which of the following is NOT America s newspaper?. A. Wall Street Journal. B. USA Today. C. Guardian. D. The Milwaukee Journal.19. Which of file following are U. S. News and Cable network? a. ABC b. NBC c. BBC d. ABA A. a b B. b c C. c d D. a d20.Hollywoodis often used as a synonym for A. American films B. American forest industry C. Christians in the U. S. A D. American advertising industry21. The most important and largest river in the United States of America is A. the Ohio River B. the Colorado River C. the Missouri River D. the Mississippi River22. The north-eastern part of the United States-New England enjoys a _climate. A. northern and oceanic type of B. typical continental C. very cold D. fairly warm23. To the west of mainland America lies the A. Atlantic Ocean B. Pacific Ocean C. Indian Ocean D. Arctic Ocean24. Detroit, a U. S. city bordering Lake Erie, is famous for its A. automobile industry B. textile industry C. iron and steel industry D. aircraft industry25. The natives of the continent of America are the A. Canadians B. Indians C. Mexicans D. Hispanics26. Thanksgiving Day is celebrated in A. Britain B, Britain and U.S.A C. the United States D, all the English-speaking countries27. is the largest city and the chief port of the United States. A. Washington D.C. B. Los Angeles C. San Francisco D. New York City28. Which of the following minority groups enjoys the worst social and economic conditions? A. Blacks. B. Hispanics. C. Indians. D. Asian Americans.29. Which of the following is NOT in New York City?. A. Wall Street. B. Fifth Avenue. C. Broadway Street. D. Niagara Falls.30. Washington D. C. is named A. after the U. S. President George Washington B. after Christopher ColumbusC. after both George Washington and Christopher Columbus D. none of them31.The U.S. Congress has the power to make these laws except of A. defense B. citizenship and naturalization C. marriage D. the regulation of foreign trade32.American and British English are two _ _ of the English language. A. varieties B. elements C. parts D. forms33. The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was A. Thomas Jefferson B. James Monroe C. James Madison D. Abraham Lincoln34. Of the fifty states, the smallest state in area is A. Rhode Island B. Virginia C. Texas D. Montana35. The national flag of the United States is known as A. the Star-Spangled Banner B. Uncle Sam C. Hot Dog D. Union Jack36. The colony that did NOT send representatives to the First Continental Congress was A. Georgia B. Virginia C. Massachusetts D. Rhode Island37. The number of the Representatives from each American state depends on the A. contribution a state has made to the nation B. population C. size D. none of the above38. The term Father of Waters is used to refer to A. the Amazon River B. the Mississippi River C. the Nile River D. the Hudson River39, The statue of liberty was given to American people by _ _ as a gift in 1884. A. Finance B. Spain C. Italy D. Britain40. music is perhaps Americas greatest contribution to the world of popular music. A. Blues B. Rock C. Jazz D. Waltz 41. is a special day of love! A. Valentines Day B. April fool s day C. Halloween D. Easter42 .American national flower is A. violet B. rose C. lily D. primrose43. Whose presidential term is the longest? A. George Washington B. Thomas Jefferson C. Abraham Lincoln D. Franklin D. Roosevelt44. Ernest Hemingway is _ A. Englishman B. American C. Dutch D. Denmark45. John Fitzgerald Kennedy is the _ president. A. 35th B. 34th C. 33rd D. 32nd46. In 1837, the first college-level institution for women, Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, opened in _ _ to serve the Muslim sex. A. New England B. Virginia C. Massachusetts D. New York47. The capital of Massachusetts is A. Providence B. Boston C. Montpelier D. Augusta48. is the dividing line between the South and North. A. The Hudson River B. The Potomac River C. The Ohio River D. The Missouri River49. is Washington s largest city. A. Boise B. Denver C. Tacoma D. Seattle50. Washington D. C., the capital of U. S. is situated on the _ River bank A. St. Lawrence B. Hudson C. Potomac D. Missouri51. When did the American Civil War break out? A. 1775. B. 1812. C. 1861. D. 1863.52. Who prepared the draft of the Declaration of Independence? A. John Adams. B. Thomas Jefferson. C. Benjamin Franklin. D. John Hancock.53. In which day is Halloween celebrated? A. 5 November. B. 31 October. C. 17 March. D. 25 December.54. The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic except A. George Washington B. Thomas Jefferson C. William Penn D. Benjamin Franklin55. The New Deal was started by _ _ A. Franklin Roosevelt B.J.F. Kennedy C. George Washington D. Thomas Jefferson56. The United States was rated _ _ in the world in terms of land area. A. second B. third C. fourth D. fifth57. The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by A. teachers B. students C. headmaster D. boards of education58. The Bill of Rights consists of A. 10 very short paragraphs in an amendment B.10 amendments adopted in 1787 C.10 amendments added to the Constitution in 1791 D. the amendments concerning the freedom of speech, of the press and of religion59. The United States produces as much as half of the world s A. wheat and rice B. cotton C. tobacco and vegetable oil D. soybeans and com60. Which invention marked the beginning of The Age of Visual Information? A. Newspaper. B. Telegraph. C. Laundry machine. D. Television.61. The theory of American polities and the American Revolution originated mainly from A. George Washington B. Thomas Jefferson C. John Adams D. John Locke62. The District of Manhattan is in the city of _ _. A. Washington D.C. B. San Francisco C. New York D. Chicago63. The seats in the Senate are allocated to different states A. according to their population B. according to theft size C. according to their tax paid to federal government D. equally64. The Rocky Mountains is located in A. Great Britain B. Australia C. South Africa D. North America65. Hollywood, the centre of American movie industry, is closest to which city? A. Los Angles. B. Chicago. C. New York. D. Washington.66. Which of the following is an American newspaper? A. The Guardian. B. Newsweek. C. The International Herald Tribune. D. the Daily Telegraph.67. the U.S. is called a melting pot because A. its steel industry is highly developed B. it has great influence on the world C. it is an important economic center of the world D. people from different races live there together68. Tile first Puritans came to America on the ship _ A. Codpeed B. Susan Constant C. May Flower D. Discovery练习题答案及题解1A 密西西比河是美国传统的东方和西方的分界线。2A 最早被早期定居者发现和占领的地方是大西洋及其沿岸平原。3C 非西班牙裔的白人是美国最大的种族群体。4D 2000年以前，非裔美国人是美国最大的少数民族群体。2000年以后，拉丁美国人的人数超过了非裔美国人的人数，成为了美国第一大少数民族群体5A 美国拥有世界上最古老的宪法和政党。6D 美国宪法中没有规定总统必须是他所属的政党的首领。7B 罗斯福新政并没有从根本上解决大萧条带来的经济危机，第二次世界大战爆发帮助美国走出了经济困境。8C 美国的小学要花费大约六年的时间。9D 大部分美国大学生都在公立学校就读。10A 美国的联邦法院系统包括：the United States District Courts；the United States Courts of Appeal和the United States Supreme Court。The United States State Courts与联邦法院类似，它们都属于美国法院的组成部分，只是层次不同而已。11A 路易斯安那州不受共同法的约束。12B 美国现在有38个州惩罚罪犯采用死刑。13A 美国的四大主要部分不包括北部。14B 美国的新英格兰地区，也就是东北部地区深受清教徒思想的影响。15A 加利福尼亚州是美国最大的州，拥有人口也最多。16D 中大西洋地区实际上就是纽约都市地区，曼哈顿、时代广场、百老汇、华尔街都位于此，The“Bible Beltis a slang term used for a geographical region in the South and the midsection Of the United States一areas that host large groups Of fundamentalist Christians17C 美国人独立、有野心、有抱负，强调个性。18C Guardian是英国的主要报纸之一。19A ABC，CBS，NBC，PBS，CNN，MTV，SC，TDC，USA，DISCNBC，HBO都是 美国主要的News and Cable Networks。BBC是英国的广播公司。20A 好莱坞是美国著名的电影制造地。21D 美国最长的河流是密西西比河，也是美国最重要的一条河流。被美国人视 为“众河之父”，沿河流域也是美国的主要农作物产区。22B 美国东北部的新英格兰地区的气候是典型的大陆性气候。冬季寒冷，夏季炎热。23B 美国东临大西洋，西濒太平洋，北接加拿大，南靠墨西哥及墨西哥湾。24A 底特律是美国著名的汽车城。25B 美国的本土居民是当地的印第安人。26，C 感恩节是每年11月的最后一个星期四，主要是美国人为了感谢起初到美国 大陆定居时上帝和美洲古代印第安人的帮助而庆祝的。27D 纽约是美国最大的城市同时也是最重要的经济贸易中心和最主要的港口。28A 黑人在美国的经济和社会地位都最为低下。29D 尼亚加拉瀑布位于美国与加拿大交界处，其余全在纽约市内。30C 首都命名为华盛顿是为了纪念美国的第一任总统乔治华盛顿，而联邦直辖区被命名为哥伦比亚特区则是为了纪念第一位从欧洲横渡大西洋到达西半球的探险家克里斯多佛哥伦布。 31C 美国的立法机构是美国国会，婚姻不属于其立法范围。32A 美国英语和英国英语是英语语言的两种变体。33D 美国历史上的第一位共和党总统是亚伯拉罕林肯。34A 美国国土面积最小的州是罗得岛。35A 美国的国旗是星条旗。36A 当时未派代表去参加大陆会议的是佐治亚洲。37B 美国每个州派往众议院的代表人数应与本州人口成比例。38B 美国的“众河之父”指的是密西西比河。39A 美国的自由女神像是法国人赠予的礼物。40C 爵土乐是美国对于世界音乐宝库的重要贡献。41A 情人节为Valentines Day，其余分别为愚人节、万圣节前夕和复活节。42B 美国的国花是玫瑰花，象征着美丽、芬芳、热忱和爱情。43D 美国在位时间最长的总统是罗斯福，共有12年。44B 文坛巨匠海明威是美国人。45A 肯尼迪是美国的第35任总统。46C 美国的第一所女子学院开设于马萨诸塞州。47B 麻省的首府是波士顿。48D 美国南北的分界线是密苏里河，东西的分界线是密西西比河。49D 华盛顿州的最大城市是西雅图。50C 华盛顿特区位于波托马克河上。51C 美国内战爆发于1861年，结束于1865年。52B 为美国起草独立宣言的是托马斯杰弗逊。53B 万圣节前夕是10月的最后一天即10月31号。54C 华盛顿、杰弗逊和弗兰克林都是美国创建时的元老功勋， William Penn是宾州创始人。55A 新政是罗斯福为了应对美国经济大萧条而提出的。56C 就面积而言，美国是世界第四大国。57D 对此有决定权的是教育董事会。58C 人权法案是于1791年增补到宪法法案上来的前十条修正案。59D 美国出产占世界一半的大豆和玉米。60D 开创人类视觉信息革命时代的重大发明是电视机。61D 美国的许多政治观念都是来源于英国著名哲学家约翰洛克。62C 曼哈顿是纽约市的著名经济和商业区，也是纽约的中心地带。63D 美国每一个州在参议院中均有两位议员作为代表，与各州人口无关。64D 洛基山脉位于美国西北部，向东南延伸。66A 好莱坞和迪士尼均位于洛杉矶。67B 新闻周刊是美国的，国际先驱论坛是法国的，卫报和每日电讯为英国的。68D 美国被称之为“大熔炉”是因为来自世界各地的人们所带来的各自的文化在此交融形成独特的多元文化。69C 首批清教徒到美国时乘坐的船是“五月花号”。英国概况1. 国歌：“God Save the Queen/King”2. 大不列颠的四个政治区：England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain.2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has 3 natural zones: the highlands in the north；the central lowlands；the south uplandsCapital：Edinburgh苏格兰位于大不列颠岛的北部。首府：爱丁堡。3) Wales is in the west of Great BritainCapital：Cardiff威尔士位于西部。首府：加的夫。4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UKCapital：Belfast首府：贝尔法斯特。3. The Commonwealth (of nations)is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies Of BritainIt was founded in l931，and has 50 member countries until 1991 英联邦是由曾为英国殖民地的、但现已独立国家所构成的自由联合体。它成立于1931年，至1991年止已有50个成员国。4. The north and west Of Britain are mainly highlands；and the east and southeast are mostly lowlands英国的北部和西部主要是高地，东部和东南部主要是低地。5. Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in Britain(1，343m)本尼维斯山为英国最高峰，1，343米。6. The Anglo-Saxons盎格鲁撒克逊时代：五世纪，朱特人、撒克逊人和盎格鲁人入侵不列颠。7. The Wars of Rose the battles between the House of Lancaster (red rose) and the House of York (white rose) 玫瑰战争是指从1455年到1485年，以红玫瑰为象征的兰开斯特大家族和以白玫瑰为象征的约克家族之间战争。8. Black Death 黑死病 The illness (bubonic plague 鼠疫) that killed half the people of Britain.9. Scotland Yard 苏格兰场-伦敦的警察局总部10. Margaret Thatcher撒切尔 she was the first woman Prime Minister in British history. 11. 英国三大政党：1）工党（Labor Party）2) 保守党（Conservative Party）3）自由民主党 (The Liberal Democrat Party) 12. 英国有两大国教：英格兰是英格兰国教-the Church of England，苏格兰是苏格兰教会（长老教）-the Church of Scotland13. 主要报纸和杂志 伦敦市的报业中心“舰队街”Fleet Street1) The Times 泰晤士报2) Financial Times金融时报3) The Guardian卫报4) The Daily Telegraph每日电讯报5) The Sun太阳报6) The Economist经济学家7) The Spectator观察家报14. 美英通讯社1） AP （Associated Press）(美国) 美联社2） UPI（United Press International）(美国) 合众国际社3） Reuters (Reuters News Agency) (英国) 路透社4） PA （Press Association）(英国) 报纸联合社5） AFP （法国）法新社6） TASS （俄罗斯）塔斯社练习题1. Which of the following does not belong to the Island of Great Britain? A. England. B.