英语句子成分讲解(附练习和答案).pptx

英语句子成分 4种基本成分 2种修饰成分 基本成分主语谓语动词宾语补足语修饰成分状语 用来修饰动词 状语修饰对象不限于动词 定语 用来修饰名词 关系图 句子成分 基本成分 修饰成分 核心成分 谓语成分 主语 谓语 宾语 补语 直接宾语 间接宾语 主语补足语 表语 宾语补足语 定语 修饰名词 状语 修饰动词 5种基本句型 动词决定句型 Herlovedied Shelovedme Shegavemeakiss Shemademehappy Sheislovable 动词决定句型 但动词决定不了状语和定语的存在与否 或者说 状语和定语填补动词的语义空缺 给下列短文划分句子成分 LosersLookforQuickFixesTherearetwowaysofgettingridofweedsinyouryard theeasywayandthenot so easyway 1 Theeasywaymaybetorunalawnmowerand 2 theyardlooksfineforawhile butthatisatemporaryanswer Soontheweedsareback But 3 thenot so easywaymaymeangettingdownonyourhandsandkneesandpullingouttheweedsbytheroots Itistime consumingandpainful but 4 theweedswillstayawayforalongertime 5 Thefirstsolutionappearedeasy but 6 theproblemremained Thesecondsolutionwasnotsoeasy buttookcareoftheproblemfromtheroots 7 Thekeyistogettherootoftheproblem Thesamethingistrueofourattitudeinlife Theproblemwithpeopletodayisthat 8 theywantinstantanswer 9 Theyarelookingforone minutesolutionstoeverything Justlikeinstantcoffee theywantinstanthappiness Therearenoquickfixes 10 Thisattitudeleadstodisappointmentorevenfailure Theeasywaymaybetorunalawnmowertheyardlooksfineforawhilethenot so easywaymaymeangettingdownonyourhandsandkneesandpullingouttheweedsbytheroots theweedswillstayawayforalongertime Thefirstsolutionappearedeasy 主 主 主 主 主 表 主补 表 主补 时间状语 表 主补 时间状语 谓 谓 谓 谓 谓 宾 theproblemremained Thekeyistogettherootoftheproblem theywantinstantanswer Theyarelookingforone minutesolutions toeverything Thisattitudeleadstodisappointmentorevenfailure 主 谓 主 主 主 主 谓 谓 谓 谓 表 主补 宾 宾 宾 宾补 定 主语 谓语动作的执行者 主语可以省略 主语的形式结构 Thesunrisesintheeast 名词 Helikesdancing 代词 Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory 数词 Seeingisbelieving 动名词 Toseeistobelieve 不定式 Whatheneedsisabook 主语从句 Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree 宾语 动作的承受者 动宾IlikeChina 名词 Hehatesyou 代词 Howmanydoyouneed Weneedtwo 数词 Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor Ienjoyworkingwithyou 动名词 Ihopetoseeyouagain 不定式 Didyouwritedownwhathesaid 宾语从句 介词后的名词 代词和动名词 介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake Underthesnow therearemanyrocks 双宾语 间宾 指人 和直宾 指物 Hegavemeabookyesterday Givethepoormansomemoney 谓语 说明主语的动作 状态和特征 必不可少 决定句子结构 谓语的形式结构 动词WestudyEnglish Helikesplayingthegames 宾语 动作的承受者 动宾IlikeChina 名词 Hehatesyou 代词 Howmanydoyouneed Weneedtwo 数词 Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor Ienjoyworkingwithyou 动名词 Ihopetoseeyouagain 不定式 Didyouwritedownwhathesaid 宾语从句 介词后的名词 代词和动名词 介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake 双宾语 间宾 指人 和直宾 指物 Hegavemeabookyesterday Givethepoormansomemoney 补语 补充说明名词的成分 通常出现在主语或宾语后边 宾语补足语 主语补足语 表语 补足语的形式结构 Weelectedhimmonitor 名词 Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn tcomehere 名 Wewillmakethemhappy 形容词 Wefoundnobodyin 副词 Pleasemakeyourselfathome 介词短语 Don tlethimdothat 省to不定式 Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson to不定式 Don tkeepthelightsburning 现在分词 I llhavemybikerepaired 过去分词 Hewaselectedmonitor Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson 系动词 befeel look sound taste smell seem appear become grow get turn fall go comecontinue remain stay keep 状语 状语修饰动词 形容词 副词或全句 说明方式 因果 条件 时间 地点 让步 方向 程度 目的等 Theboyneedsapenverymuch 程度状语 Theboyneedsverymuchthepenboughtbyhismother 宾语较长则状语前置 Theboyreallyneedsapen 程度状语 Theboyneedsapennow Now theboyneedsapen Theboy now needsapen 时间状语 Intheclassroom theboyneedsapen 地点状语 Beforehismother Tomisalwaysaboy 条件状语 OnSundays thereisnostudentintheclassroom 时间状语 Hesitsthere askingforapen 表示伴随状态 Havingtofinishhishomework theboyneedsapen 原因状语 Frightened hesitstheresoundlessly 原因状语 Theboyneedsapentodohishomework 目的状语 Tomakehisdreamcometrue Tombecomesveryinterestedinbusiness 目的状语 定语 修饰名词 TheboyThecuteboyThecuteboyinbluejeansThecuteboywearingbluejeansThecuteboywhoiswearingbluejeans ismybrother 同位语 名词短语的补语成分 名词才有同位语 同位语即名词补足语 省略同位语 句子意思完整 Myuncle mymother sbrother diedofcancerwhenhewas47 Ihavenoideawhentheywillbebackandsettledown Moreexercise 划分句子成分 1 Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome 2 Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou3 Allofusconsideredhimhonest 4 Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes 5 Hebrokeapieceofglass 6 Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity 7 Iloveyoumorethanherchild 8 Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes 9 Theypushedthedooropen 10 Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight Moreexercise 划分句子成分 11 Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends 12 Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching13 Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone 14 HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong 15 Don tgetnervous helpyourselftowhatyoulike 16 Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful 17 Hedidn tcome Thatiswhyhedidn tknow 18 Sheshowedushermanyofherpictures 19 Theoldmanlivesalonelylife 20 Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown Moreexercise 划分句子成分 21 ThecarsmadeinJapanarebetterthanthoseinGermany 22 Therearesomanypeopleinthehallthatit shardformetofindhim 23 Nomatterhowdifficultthetaskmaybe wemustfulfilitthismonth 24 Gobackwhereyoucamefrom 25 Wemustdowhateverthepeoplewantustodo 26 Atlasthegothome tiredandhungry 27 Wouldyoupleasepassmethecup 28Maryhandedherhomeworktotheteacher 29 Doyouknowthelatestnewsabouthim 30 I llgetmyhaircuttomorrow Key答案 分析下列句子成分1 主语 系动词 表语2 主语 系动词 表语3 主语 动词 宾语 宾语补足语4 主语 双宾动词 间接宾语 直接宾语5 主语 及物动词 宾语6 主语 动词 形式宾语it 宾语补足语 宾语7 主语 及物动词 宾语8 主语 系动词 表语9 主语 动词 宾语 宾语补足语10 主语 双宾动词 间接宾语 直接宾语11 主语 双宾动词 间接宾语 直接