Unit2 How often do you rcise.精讲.doc

2013年新人教版（go for it)八年级上册英语(817班)Unit 2 How often do you exercise?一. 词型转换Section A1. ever (反义词) never2. shop (现在分词) shopping3. full (反义词) empty4. read (pt.) readSection B1. active (v.)act (n.) activity2. health (adj.) healthy (反义词) unhealthy3. body (pl.) bodies4. die (pt.) died (现在分词)dying5. write (n.表人) writer (pt.)wrote6. keep (pt.) kept (pp.) kept7. little (比较级) less (最高级) least8. though (同义词) although二、短语归纳help with housework (U.)帮助做家务on weekends在周末how often多久一次hardly ever几乎从不once a week每周一次twice a month每月两次every day每天be free有空go to the movies去看电影use the Internet用互联网go online上网swing dance摇摆舞play tennis打网球stay up late熬夜；睡得很晚at least至少have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈课和钢琴课go to bed early早点睡觉play sports进行体育活动be good for对有好处go camping去野营notat all一点儿也不in ones free time在某人的业余时间the most popular最受欢迎的such as比如；诸如old habits die hard旧习难改go to the dentist去看牙医more than多于；超过less than少于go shopping去购物help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事How about? .怎么样？/ 好不好？want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句？ 有多少? 主语+find+that从句 发现spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光Its+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事的的。ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事by doing sth. 通过做某事Whats your favorite?你最喜爱的是什么？the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式三、词语辨析：1. how often 多久一次，用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用：once，twice, three times 等词语。How often do you play sports? Three times a week.how long 多长，用来询问多长时间，也可询问某物有多长。How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here? How long is the ruler?how far 多远， 用来询问距离，指路程的远近。 How far is it from here to the park? Its about 2 kilometers.how soon“还要多久（时间）才”,一般用于将来时态，用in引导的时间状语来回答。 How soon will he be back? Hell be back in an hour. 2. 频率副词always“总是”100%usually “通常” often“经常”,sometimes“有时” hardly ever“几乎不”,never“从未”%。3. hardly 只用作副词，其意思是“几乎不”，表示否定概念。 e.g. He can hardly speak English, can he? 他不太会说英语, 是吗？hardly ever 几乎从不 e.g. Peter is hardly ever late. 彼得几乎从不迟到。 hard 也用副词adv.，意为“努力地、刻苦地”，“猛烈地” 。e.g. He works hard only before exams. 他只在考试前努力学习。 Its raining hard(=heavily). 天在下大雨。还可以作形容词adj.，意为“难的，困难的”difficult。e.g. Its hard work to study math well.学好数学是件难事。 . 4. exercise 用作动词v.，意为“锻炼；运动”。 How often does Jim exercise? He exercises(=takes exercise) once a day. 作名词,表示“锻炼；运动”,是不可数名词数。Swimming is good exercise.游泳是一项很好的运动。作名词,表示“练习题；操”,可数名词数。Doing eye exercises is good for our eyes。做眼保健操对我们的眼睛有好处。 do morning exercises, many math exercises5.free 空闲的，有空的， 反义词为 busy. be free 有空，闲着，相当于 have time.Ill be free next week. = Ill have time next week. 还可作“免费的、自由的”解。be free to do sth. 自由地做某事。The tickets are free. Youre free to go or to stay.6. sometimes, sometime, some times,some time的区别：sometimes 频度副词， 有时。表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般时连用，可位于句首、句中或句末。 -Sometimes I get up very early. -How often do you get up?sometime 副词，某个时候。 表示不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或将来时，对它用疑问词when.提问。-I will go to Shanghai sometime next week. -When will you go to Shanghai next week?some times 名词词组， 几次，几倍。其中time 是可数名词，对它提问用how many times.-I have read the story some times. -How many times have you read the story?some time 名词短语， 一段时间. 表示“一段时间”时，句中谓语动词常为延续性动词，提问时用 How long.-I ll stay here for some time. -How long will you stay here?7. How come？ 怎么会？ 怎么回事？表示某事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使用，也可引导一个问句， 相当于疑问句 why, 但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。How come Tom didnt come to the party? = Why didnt Tom come to the party?8. stay up late 指“熬夜到很晚，迟睡”。 Dont stay up late next time. stay up 指“熬夜，不睡觉”。 9. go to bed 强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程，但人不一定睡着。I went to bed at eleven last night.go to sleep 强调“入睡，睡着，进入梦乡”。 She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.10. more than 超过，多于，不仅仅， 相当于 over. 在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。反义词组为：less than. e.g: I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years.11 afraid 形容词， 担心的，害怕的，在句中作表语，不用在名词前作定语。be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人 / 某事； be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事。Some children are afraid of the darkDont be afraid of asking question.Im afraid (that)+ 从句， 恐怕， 担心：Im afraid I have to go now.12. maybe 意为“大概；或许；可能”，是副词，常位于句首或句中。 e.g. 或许他们将去海滩度假。Maybe they are going to the beach for vacation.【辨析】 maybe 与may be maybe是副词，在句子做状语。may be 是情态动词may 与动词原形be 一起构成句子的谓语动词意为“可能是”，它们有时也可互换。e.g. 或许它们在你的书包里。 Maybe they are in your schoolbag. They may be in your schoolbag. 13. at least 意为“至少，不少于；起码”，是副词词组，一般指在数量或程度上。 e.g. 你必须至少一周打扫你的房间一次。 You have to clean your house at least once a week.14. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her.want to do sth. 想要做某事want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事Do you want to go to the movies with me?你想和我一起去看电影吗？The teacher doesnt want us to eat hamburgers.老师不想让我们吃汉堡包。15. She says its good for my health.be good for. 表示对有益 (有好处) (这里 for 是介词，后跟名词、代词、动名词或动词的-ing 形式。)如：Its good for us to do more reading. 多读书对我们有好处。Reading aloud is good for improving your English. 大声朗读对提高你的英语后好处。其反义为：be bad for.对有坏处Reading in bed is bad for your eyes. 躺在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。be good at=do well in 擅长于be good to sb=be friendly to sb.对某人好16. How many hours do you sleep every night?how many 修饰可数名词，修饰不可数名词则要用 how much。如：How much coffee do you drink every day?你每天喝多少咖啡呢？17. We found that only fifteen percent of our students exercise every day.我们发现只有80%的学生每天锻炼 percent 名词，意为“百分之” 【注意】percent做主语时，谓语动词的数要根据其后面的名词来确定。 percent of 的百分之几 数词 + percent+ of +名词 e.g. Fifty percent of the apples are bad. 50%的苹果都坏了。 Twenty percent of the meat is in the fridge. 20%的肉都在冰箱。18. find + 宾语 +名词, 发现 ：We have found him (to be) a good boy. find + 宾语 + (adj.)形容词， 发现： He found the room dirty. find + 宾语 + (doing)现在分词， 发现 ： I found her standing at the door. find+(that)+从句 I found that a few students exercise every day.find +it(形式宾语)+adj.+ to do sth.发现做某事怎么样 He found it difficult to study English well find out 强调通过调查，研究之后发现19. ask sb (not )to do sth 告诉某人(不)做某事 ask sb about sth 询问有关 ask sb. for help向某人请求帮助20. the answer to : 的答案 the answer to this question 这个问题的答案21. surprised:Sb(人) be surprised.(1).be surprised that +从句 对很惊讶 我很惊讶的得知你送给我一个大礼。I am surprised that you gave me a big gift . (2).be surprised at sth . 对某事惊讶我对汤姆的新形象感到惊讶。 I am surprised at Toms new look . (3).be surprised to do sth 很惊讶的做某事 再次见到他很惊讶。 I am surprised to see him again .22.It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows, but we think the best way to relax is through exercise.通过上网或看娱乐节目放松是好的，但是我们认为最好的放松方式是通过锻炼。（1）Its good to do sth. 意为“做某事好”，它是 “Its+adj.+to do sth.”句型.it作形式主语例如：Its good to run in the morning. 早上跑步是好的。(2)the best way to do sth.意为“做某事最好的方法” 也可表达为the best way of doing sth.例如： I have a good way to do with the problem. 我有一个处理这个问题的好方法。(3)by using the Internet or watching game shows， by作介词，表示“通过某种方式”。置于动名词前表示方法、手段、原因等。 例如：By working hard he made great progress. 通过努力学习，他取得了很大的进步。23.although 尽管. 但是.Although many students like to watch sports, game shows are the most popular.虽然许多同学喜欢看体育节目，但是娱乐节目是最受欢迎的。although是连词，意为“虽然，尽管，即使”。例如：Although he is young, he knows a lot. =He is young, but he knows a lot. 虽然他很年轻，但是他知道很多。【注意】although=though,汉语中可以说“虽然，但是”，但英语中although/though与but不能同时出现在同一句子中。24. And twenty percent do not exercise at all! not at all 意为“一点也不”， not应和be动词、助动词或情态连用。 e.g. The story isnt interesting at all. 那个故事一点也没有趣。 They didnt enjoy the vacation at all. 他们根本不喜欢那次旅行。 The old man cant use the computer at all. 那位老人一点也不会用电脑。24. the best way to relax is through exercise. through 介词，课文中意为“以，凭借”e.g. He found the job through an ad in the newspaper. 他通过报纸上的一个广告找到这份工作。拓展 through 还有“穿过”之意。表示“从内部穿过”。e.g. They went through the forest yesterday.昨天他们穿过了森林。 Dont run through the red light, please.请不要闯红灯。25. Exercise such as playing sports is fun such as 意为“像这样”，表示列举。结构常为：名词+ such as + 例子 e.g. She likes animas such as rabbits and birds. 她喜欢像兔子、小鸟这样的小动物。注意：其后面不可列举出所有的事物。如：我了解四种语言，例如英语、汉语。I know four language, such as, English and Chinese. ()I know four language, such as, English, French, Japanese and Chinese. () 26. Old habits die hard. 旧习难改。 这是英语中的一句谚语，表示习惯一旦 养成，并非朝夕即可改变，多用来描述人们一时难以改变的固有观念及做法。27. So start exercising before its too late! its too late 为时太晚；来不及了 e.g. Now you know youre wrong, but its too late. 现在你知道你错了，但是已经太晚了。its too late与before共同组成从句，表示“不要等到为时已晚；不要等到来不及的时候；趁着还来得及 ”。e.g. You should work harder before its too late to catch up.你应当更加用功，别等到为时过晚而赶不上了。（你现在用功还赶得上。）28.however 副词，意为“然而，可是”，表示转折关系，可放在句首、句中、句末。e.g. I was hungry, however, she gave me some water. 我很饿，但她却给了一些水。 My father, however, didnt drive there. 可是我父亲没有开车去那里29. more than，意为“多于”，相当于over; 其反义词为less than ，意为“少于” e.g. It never takes more than/over half an hour toget to school.到达学校用时从未超过半小时。 Theyll stay there for less than three days. 他们将在呆在那里不到三天。30. learn (more about=know (more) about 了解 learn from向学习 四、作文欣赏：I have lots of good habits. I exercise every day. I always read books. I eat fruit every day. I drink milk twice a week. I never stay up late. But I have some bad habits, too. I always watch TV for two hours a day. I use the Internet twice a week. I hardly ever help with housework. I never go to the dentist. I have a lot of good habits. I usually arrive at school on time. And I always do my homework allby myself. Also, I hardly ever stay up late and I exercise every day. However, I have some bad habits, too. I often play computer games for more than two hours a day, and I sometimes ride my bicycle fast. I eat chocolate four or five times a week, and I hardly ever eat vegetables.五、语法：一般现在时一般现在时的用途1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。常与一些频率副词如：always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never, every day/ week, once a month, twice a week等连用。3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的形式一、一般现在时的陈述句形式1. be动词：主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。二、一般现在时的否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句形式1. be动词的变化。否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它? 如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not.2.行为动词的变化。 否定句：主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)。如： I dont like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt构成否定句。如： He doesnt often play. 一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它? 如： - Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如： - Does she go to