历年四级写作真题.doc

专四辅导之便条写作（一）便条的写作便条是一种简单的书信形式。要求考生仔细阅读和分析所给的情景，确定便条所涉及的内容，如写便条者与便条接收者的身份、两者之间的关系及情景的正式程度等。便条的特点在于内容简短，大多是临时性的询问、留言、通知、要求等。与正规书信相比，便条的语言更为口语化，比如要通知某事只需这样开头：Just a line to tell you that .而无须像正规书信那样This is to inform you that .开头。有急事需要告诉别人而又不能面谈时，就可以写便条，如请假条、留言条等。一般不写地址，与普通书信基本相同。结尾时也无需要结尾礼词，只需要写上便条者姓名。便条的日期通常写在右上角，一般只要写上星期几，也可以写明上午、下午的具体时间；日常应用中，写上几月几日的也很普遍。但一般不写年份，因为便条的内容多半是当日或近日内要办的事情。便条具有用途广泛、形式简单、文字要求不十分严格的特点。基本写作格式便条内容和类型不尽相同，可以灵活变通。但必须包括以下四个基本要素；1）Date：便条日期2）Salutation：称呼3）Body：正文 4）Signature：署名注意事项1.词句简洁，尽量避免应酬语和敬词 2.切忌内容空洞、言不达意。分类举例1）请假（Asking for Leave）例1 Directions: You are about to write a Business Leave Note of about 100 words. Please describe the information clearly. 1) the reason you ask for the leave 2) the time and how long you will leave Aug. 22ndSecretary Li,Im sorry to apply for ten days leave from the Aug. 23rd to sept. 3rd instant. As I have to leave with the time is urgent. My father now in the hospital is badly ill. I have to go to see him and take care of him for a few days. You know Im the only child in my family. Of course I will show you the telegram about my fathers illness which is received from my mother to support my application.As concern as the missed lessons during my absence, I promise I will do my best to catch them on after I come back to the campus. Wish for your allowance. Yours respectfully, 本文是一封请假条，一般我们要向上级或老师请假，通常用的是ask for leave这个短语，请三天假可写作：ask for three days leave;因病请假则是ask for sick leave. leave在这里是名词用法，文中用的短语是apply for意为“申请”，含有更加郑重的意味，常用于下级对上级或晚辈对长辈的书面语中，“Only child”意为“独生子女”相应的，“独生女”译作“only daughter”而“独生子”译作“only son”. As concern as后面跟名词性结构，意为“涉及到，至于”与Concerning同义，两者可以互换。例2 Directions: Your father is seriously ill, and you want to go back home. Write a note to the secretary and it should include 1) the cause for leaving; 2) the days: from 16th to 21st; 3) Catch on the lesson after returning school. July 5thDear Miss Huang,My sister called me last night, and she said that my father is dangerously ill. I beg to apply for seven days leave of absence from 16th to 21st instant, in order that I can see my beloved father.I should be much obliged if you would grant me my application. As regards the lessons to be missed during my absence, I will do my best to make up for them as soon as I get back from home. Sincerely yours, I should be much obliged if you would.是一种客套语，表示“，我当不胜感激。”“补课”的英文是to make up for the lessons。2)约请(Invitation)Directions: You have a ticket to the Russian National Ballet Troupe, which is visiting and you want to give it to your friend Alice. Write a note to her and say:1) the time of the show, 2) the place where you will wait for her. SundayDear Alice,Here is a piece of good news for you. The Russian National Ballet Troupe, which is now on a visit in Beijing, will give a performance in the Beijing Grand Theater tomorrow evening. I am sure that you will be happy to watch it. Here I leave you an admission card. The performance will begin at seven oclock sharp. I will wait for you at the theater entrance. Please let me know whether you are prevented from coming or not. 约朋友一起去看戏，可是朋友不在家，只好留下票子和一张便条，但又怕朋友来不了，所以在便条最后特地写上“如果你来不了，告诉我一声”（Please let me know whether you are prevented from coming）3)道歉（Apology）人非圣贤，孰能无过。在社会交往中，人们常常会出现一些疏忽、过失等。如果发生此类事情，就会给对方带来麻烦和不便。为了避免误解，不影响感情，在这种情况下，应写信给对方予以解释，以请求谅解。此类信要写得及时，态度要诚恳，用词需谦逊。一般在信一开始就向对方表示歉意或内疚，然后说明原因并提出补救的办法。例1 Directions: You have missed a date of your friend, now you have to write a letter for appologization in about 100 words. May 20thDear Lily,I am sorry I missed seeing you yesterday. I know that you must have been disappointed. I also feel worried and anxious in my heart. The fact is that my manager at the last moment asked me to prepare a urgent plan while I could not get to a phone to call you and yesterday I have worked late until about 8:30 p. m. I am terribly sorry.However, I would like to ask you out this weekend to make up for yesterday. Please give me a chance and I am waiting for your reply. 临时有事未能赴约，一定要把事情解释清楚并真诚的道歉，最好能有弥补（to make up），邀请对方周末再碰头（I would like to ask you out this weekend）注意句子you must have been disappointed中情态动词的用法：情态动词+完成时态，表示过去行为。这句话应该理解为“你当时一定感到很失望”。例2 Directions: You have received a invitation from your friend, but you have already had some guests in your house. Please express the reason you cant go clearly in about 100 words. 6. AprilDear Lucy, I do apologize for having to send this letter about Saturday night.When I accepted your invitation, I simply forgot that Saturday was a holiday and that my own guests were not leaving until Sunday morning. It is difficult for me to make a choice. Though I also wonder to meet you very much. I could not very well go out by myself and leave the guests at my home.I hope you know how sorry I am not to be with you this Saturday. Should I make a visit to you in my other spare time?Thank you very much. 自己家里有客人，自然不方便再接受别人邀请去做客所以可以明正言顺的表示拒绝或可另约时间。英文要强调谓语动词，可以加上助动词，例如：I do apologize for being late.例3 Directions: You are already have a date with your friend but suddenly have another thing to do and you have to tell your friend that you cant go. Express your reason clearly in about 100 words.Monday 9:00 amDear Jane,I am sorry to tell you that I wont be able to come this afternoon because I have to go to the airport at 2:00 p. m. to meet an overseas visitor from Australia. I really have kept our date in my mind all these days, however, I received my bosss e-mail this morning, he asked me to go to the airport to meet one of his friends from abroad, its urgent and I must go. Please forgive me. Would you please ring me up to make another time?Many thanks. 因有事而不能赴约，只能另约时间（to make或to fix another time）。英国人一般把“打电话”说成to ring somebody up，还可以说 to give somebody a ring，不要错以为别人要送你个戒指。美国人通常说to call somebody。与别人已经定好的约会却临时不能赴约时，应说明原因并诚恳地道歉，以期获得别人的谅解。4）借物(Borrowing)Directions: You are going to write a note for borrowing sth. Please describe these information clearly 1) the thing you ask 2) what you are going to do with it 3) how long will you take it. TuesdayDear Xiao Wang,I wonder if I could borrow your electronic dictionary for a few days. Now I am translating some important articles. There are many new words which I have to look up the dictionary usually. I just have a paper dictionary but of course its not as convenient as the electronic one, which has a bad effect upon my velocity of my translating. So I think your electronic dictionary is more suitable for me to complete my work. I promise that I must be very careful of your dictionary and make no damage done on it. Thank you very much! Yours ever， 字典是我们日常生活中常用的学习工具，但千万不能从字面上认为“查字典”就是“check the dictionary”，而应该用“look up”这个固定短语来表达。“影响”有一个很地道的短语。“have effect upon/on”,如果是积极影响就在have和effect之间加a good，反之，就加“a bad”其他的形容词例如great，remarkable也可以用来修饰effect，此词在这里是名词。5）回复友人问候(Reply for Regards)Directions: You have just had an operation, and received a note of regards from your friend Jenny. Now please write a reply to her to tell her your current situation. Jan. 8th.Dear Jenny,Thanks for your letter of sympathy I received the day before yesterday. The operation on my leg was a wonderful success. You know I had been suffering a lot from my leg since my childhood. The operation removed the cause of trouble. It is quite worth having the operation. I am daily recovering from my illness. Im confident I will soon be in the office again after proper treatment. Thank you for kind wishes.My best wishes to all your family 这是对好友问候便条的回复。形式简单，内容明了。过去完成进行时“I had been sufferingmy childhood”表示动作从过去一直持续到现在。便条写作中的语言表达：中国人与西方人看问题的方法的确在许多方面存在着差异，而且这种差异的的确确在束缚着中国学生，成为他们英文写作中的拦路虎，使他们不能准确而简洁地表达思想。 比如写下面一则便条，因母亲突然生病，周末你不能和汤姆去跳舞了，你找了舞跳得很好的时黛来代替你，并表示抱歉。 July 6 Dear Tom， I am sorry to inform you that I wont be able to go to dance with you this weekendMy mother is suddenly taken illIn order not to disappoint you，I have asked Shi Dai to take my placeShe is a better dancer，I think My regrets Joe从便条中可看出，英语表达先“果”I wont be able to go to dance with you this weekend后“因”my mother is suddenly taken ill，即所谓“先果后因”。一般来说，在单个句子中，英语句子也是先中心，也就是将主要思想、结果放在句首，放在主句里表达；而汉语正相反，一般为后中心，主要的观点、信息往往放在句末。如：He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill（因为他病了，昨天他不得不呆在家里。） Tragedies can be written in literature since there is tragedy in life（生活中既然有悲剧，文学作品就可以写悲剧。） 所以说，大学生用英文写作时，要按照英美人的思维模式进行思考，避免写出中国式的英语。专业四级便条写作范例：1. A note of Invitation Dear Mrs. Hudson:Will you and Mr. Hudson be able to join us and a couple of friends on Saturday evening, October 5th, for dinner? Later we plan to go to the Citys Performance Hall to see a Huangmei opera. Dinner starts at six-thirty to allow plenty of time for the drive into town and arrival before curtain time. We do hope you can come. Sincerely yours, Ma Ming2. A note of thanks Dear Betty, The beautiful electronic translator for me arrived today. Thank you so much for sending me such a nice present. It is very useful for me to study English with, especially when I come across some new words while reading. Thanks to your gift, vocabulary is no longer my headache now. Besides, it is lovely and the size is perfect for me to carry. It is the best gift I have ever received. Thank you again. Jenny3. A note of apologies Mrs. Katy, Im terribly sorry I wasnt present on time in your class yesterday morning.I met with the traffic jam on my way to school so that I spent thirty minuteslonger than before. I know you are a little angry, anyhow its my fault, so1 wish you can forgive me. Later I will try to avoid such accident. Thanks. Tony4. A Note of Appointment Dear Betty, I wonder if I could see you in your office tomorrow, at 10:15. I have manyproblems to talk over with you on my current work. It makes me very puzzled.So I hope you could give me some good advice. Please give me a phone calland let me know whether it is ok, or when you are convenient. Rain5. A Note of Congratulations Dear Jacky, I am so glad to hear that you won the first place in the National EnglishDebating Contest. Congratulations! How great you are! You set a goodexample for us. All of our class are proud of you excellent performance.Later I want to share your joy. You can talk with me in details. Lets call a day. See you. Henry6. A Note of Application Dear Professor Wang, It is said you need a part-time teacher from newspaper. I am interested in teaching English in your training center. I am a second-year student of English major. I am qualified to teach reading, writing and speaking. In the past I had ever worked as a teacher in a school. I firmly believe I am competent in this job. I am looking forward to your reply. Henry历年专四试题便条2000 SECTION B NOTE-WRITINGWrite on answer sheet one a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: Youve read on the notice board that the university library is looking for a par t-time library assistant who can work at weekends. You think that your classmate, George, is a suitable person for this vacancy. Write him a note, telling him what you know about the vacancy and trying to persuade him to go for an interview.2001 SECTION B NOTE-WRITINGWrite on answer sheet one a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: Yesterday you failed to turn up for the appointment with your teacher, Profess or Wang. Write him a note of apology and make a request for another meeting. You should also suggest the time for the requested meeting.2002 SECTION B NOTE-WRITINGWrite a note of about 50 - 60 words based on the following situation: You have heard that your friend, Jack, wishes to sell his walkman. Write him a note expressing your interest in it, asking him about its condition and offering a price for it.2003 SECTION B NOTE-WRITINGWrite on answer sheet one a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: Your friend Clare has invited you to her house-warming party this weekend. However, you will be away then. Write her a note politely declining her invitation and expressing your best wishes to her.2004 SECTION B NOTE-WRITINGWrite on answer sheet one a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: Your friend, Jane, has failed in the final exam, and is feeling very unhappy about it. Write a note to comfort her and give her some encouragement.2005 SECTION B NOTE-WRITINGWrite on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: You have got two tickets to a concert given by a famous pop band/orchestra. Write a note to your friend, Hilda/Mike, describing briefly what it is and inviting her/him to come with you.2006 SECTION B NOTE-WRITINGWrite on answer sheet two a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: you have got to know that you classmate, Michael, is organizing a weekend excursion for the class. And you are thinking of joining the trip, write him a note expressing your interest in the excursion and asking for information on two details related to the excursion.历年短文写作真题1992 My View on Reading Extensively1993 My Idea of Becoming a Teaching in the Future1994 TV: a good thing or a bad thing?1995 Nowadays it has become fashionable for college students to take a part-time job in their spare time. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this trend.1996 Every college student would agree that life in college is not the same as it was in the middle school. Now， you have been asked by the Students Union to write a passage entitled： The Main Difference Between My College Life And My Middle School Life1997 Some of your classmates think that more pressure from academic studies is not beneficial to students. You either agree or disagree with them：More pressure from academic studies does（does not）good to us1998 It is now generally accepted that vehicles （cars， trucks， etc.）are a major source of air pollution in cities. You are to suggest only ONE way to solve the problem. One way to solve the problem1999 We see advertisements on television everyday. Some people think that TV advertising brings as benefits， but others dont think so. What is your opinion？A major advantage/disadvantage of advertising on television2000 College life should be varied and colorful. And extracurricular activities are an important aspect of it. However， at present， there is much room for improvement in this regard. Write an article to the university radio entitled：The importance of extracurricular activities2001 Travel has become part of our life. And more and more of us have come to know the significance of travel through our own experience：Travel broadens the mind2002 Nowadays people are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of health. And they have different ways to stay healthy. For example， some exercise every day； others try to keep a balanced diet. What do you think is the best way to stay healthy？The Best Way to Stay Healthy2003People in modern society live under a lot of pressure, from education, career, or family. So it is important for them to keep a good mood under whatever circumstances. Write on answer sheet one a composition of about 150 words on the following topic: The importance of Keeping A Good Mood2004Nowadays young people tend to phone more often than write to each other. So, some say that phones will kill letter writing. What is your opinion? Write on answer sheet one a composition of about 150 words on the following topic: Will Phones Kill Letter Writing?2005The students Union of your university is planning to hold an arts festival next semester, and they are inviting students to contribute their ideas and suggestions as to how it should be organized or what should be included. Write on answer sheet two a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: My Idea of A University Arts Festival2006 Recently a Beijing information company did a survey of student life among more than 700 students in Beijing, Guangzhou, xi an, Chengdu , shanghai , Wuhan, nanjing ,and Shenyang . The results have shown that 67 percent of students think that saving money is a good habit while the rest believe that using tomorrows money today is better, what do you think?Write on answer sheet two a compositions of about 200 words.You are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what you opinion isIn the second part, support your opinion with appropriate detail.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.VI.SECTION A Nowadays the Internet has become part of peoples life, and millions of young people have made friends online.Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:Is It Wise to Make Friends Online?You are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is.In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your opinion.In the last part, bring what you have written to