高二下学期英语Unit12 Fact and fantasy词汇扩展.doc

高二上学期英语Unit12 Fact and fantasy词汇扩展Unit 12 fiction n.小说n. 虚构, 杜撰; 编造 小说; 虚构的文学作品(包括小说、剧本等) science fiction 科学小说, 科学幻想故事(表示小说时不可数) It is a legal fiction that a corporation is a person. 把团体法人当作一个人是一种法律上的假设。 FactTruth is stranger than fiction. 谚事实比小说还离奇。 fictionist小说家 fictioneer (尤指粗制滥造的)小说作家belief n.信念；信心；信仰 n. (pl. beliefs) 信仰; 信心;信条 信念; 意见 have belief in the masses 相信群众 a person worthy of belief 可以信得过的人 There is nothing more natural than a childs belief in his parents. 没有任何事情比孩子对他父母的信赖更为自然。 have belief in 相信, 信任 belief faith trust confidence 都含有“相信”的意思。 belief 指“承认某事是真的, 尽管有或没有确凿的证据”, 如: belief in ghosts.相信有鬼。 faith 指“认为有确凿证据或道理而完全相信”, 如: I have faith in his ability to succeed. 我相信他有成功的能力。 trust 指“信赖”、“信任”, 含有“坚定的信念”的意思, 如: enjoy the trust of the people得到人民的信任。 confidence 指“在有证据的基础上相信”, 也常指“自信”、“有把握”, 如: She has great confidence in her success. 她对自己的成功充满信心。Jules Verne 儒勒凡尔纳（法国作家）league n.里格（旧时长度单位，约为三英里或三海里）；联盟；社团balloon n.气球bulb n.电灯泡；球状物；球茎make a living 谋生botany n.植物学apply vt.应用；运用 vi.申请；请求applied adj.应用的；实用的foundation n.基础；建立Aronnax 埃瑞纳克斯（姓氏）servant n.仆人；公务员；雇员whale n.鲸；巨大的人（物）hunter n.猎人；搜索者set out 出发；上路collision n.碰撞；（利益、意见等）冲突companion n.同伴；同伙overboard adv.从船上落（或抛）入水中；向船外submarine n.潜水挺Nemo 尼莫（男子名）permanent adj.永久的；固定的guest n.客人；旅客；客座教授voyage n.航海；航空；航行Nautilus 诺特拉斯（船名）iron n.铁aboard adv.在船（或飞机、车）上；上船；登机lamp n.灯dislike vt.不喜欢；讨厌prisoner n.俘虏；失去自由的人；犯人gentle adj.温和的；温柔的；文雅的Iceland n.冰岛（欧洲岛国）layer n.层；地层marble n.大理石；大理石制品shore n.岸；滨luggage n.（总称）行李in public 公开地；公然Frankenstein 弗兰肯斯坦（姓氏）throw light upon 阐明某事；使某事显得非常清楚brilliant adj.聪明的；杰出的；耀眼的phenomenon n.(复phenomena)现象；奇迹labour n.努力；（体力）劳动hesitate vi.踌躇；犹豫creation n.创造；产生horror n.恐惧；恐怖hoorible adj.可怕的；令人恐惧的grave n.墓穴；坟墓cut up.切碎；剪碎butcher n.屠夫；屠杀者curtain n.窗帘；门帘；（舞台上的）幕lip n.嘴唇；唇状物brainstorm vt.献计献策 n.头脑风暴；突然想到的好主意1.fiction 2. belief 3. league n. 同盟, 联盟, 社团Our team plays in the football league. 我们队在足球联赛中参加比赛。4. balloon n. 气球5. bulb n. 鳞茎, 球形物; 电灯泡6. make a living by/make ones living 7. botany n. 植物学8. apply vt. 申请 应用, 实施; 运用, apply a theory to practice 把理论应用于实践 apply ones mind to专心于. vi. 适用; 应用(to)请求, 申请, 向.询问 You may apply in person or by letter. 你亲自或通信申请均可。 For particulars apply to the office. 详情请问办事处。 be applied to适用于, 应用于, apply for申请; 请求, 接洽 apply oneself to致力于, 集中精力做某事 apply sth. To 把.施于.; 把.运用于. apply to 关系到, 牵涉到 applicant n. 申请者, 请求者 9. foundation n. 基础, 根本, 建立, 创立, 地基, 基金, 基金会to lay the foundations of a new hospital 新医院奠基He laid the foundations of his success by study and hard work. 他以读书和勤劳奠定了成功的基础。the foundation of an institution/ an organization the foundation of the national economy国民经济的基础 foundation stone 奠基石 found founder 10. servant n. 仆人; 公仆；公务员A politician should be a servant of the people. 政治家应当是人民的公仆。 Water may be good servants, but bad masters. 11. whale n. 鲸12. hunter n. 猎人; 搜索者；热切的追寻者on the hunt (for) 正在寻找 hunt for jobs go hunting a fortune hunter 追求财富的人；13. set out (for) sp set off for 出发 set out to do sth 开始做 14. collision n. 碰撞, 冲突 collision at sea 海上碰撞 come into collision with 和. 相撞冲突， 抵触 collision with和. 相撞冲突 Her activities brought her into collision with the law. 触犯了法律 His car had a collision with a truck. The two planes collided with each other in midair. collide vi. 碰撞, 抵触 collide with v. 冲突 conflict n. 冲突 15. companion n. 同伴, 共事者 companions in arms 战友 a faithful companion忠实伴侣 make a companion of 与.作伴， 与.为友 companionship 伴侣关系； 友谊 16. overboard adv. 自船上落下, 在船外He fell overboard. 他从船上掉入水中。17. submarine n. 潜水艇, 潜艇18. permanent adj. 永久的, 持久的 (lasting enduring) impermanent permanent address 永久地址 a permanent job固定职业 a permanent committee 常设委员会 19. guest n. 客人, 来宾, 旅客We have three guests to dinner. 我们有三位客人来吃饭。This hotel has eighty guests. 这家旅馆有80位客人。20. voyage n. 航程, 航空 v. 航海, 航行 a long journey by sea They made a voyage across the Atlantic. A plane crashed down when it voyaged through space 21. iron n. 铁, 熨斗, 坚强, 烙铁, 镣铐 vt. 烫平, 熨, 用铁装备vi.烫衣服 a man of iron 意志坚强的人; 铁面无私的人 the Iron Age 【史】铁器时代 a smoothing iron 熨斗 put sb. in irons 给某人戴上镣铐 an iron will 坚强的意志 strike while iron is hot /Hold a wolf the iron is hot 趁热打铁22. aboard adv. 在船(飞机、车)上, 上船(飞机、车) prep. 在(船、飞机、车)上, 上(船、飞机、车) they went aboard the ship all aboard上船啦 go aboard上船 (上飞机等) go on board上船; 上飞机, 上火车 be on board在到船、飞机或车上 go abroad We went on board the ship. 我们登上了轮船。23. lamp n. 灯There are electric lamps in the streets. 街上有电灯。24. dislike vt. 讨厌, 不喜欢 n.嫌恶 I have taken a strong dislike of to, for him. 我极不喜欢他。 I dislike selfish people. 我讨厌自私的人。 likes and dislikes 爱好和厌恶 unlike adj. 不同的, 不相似的 prep. 不象.,和.不同 For twins, they are very unlike. 作为一对双胞胎，他们很不一样 Shes unlike the rest of her family. 她不同于她家里的其他成员 25. prisoner n. 战俘; 囚犯； 犯人The prisoners planned to escape but failed. 那些囚犯曾计划逃跑但没有成功。26. gentle adj. 温和的, 文雅的a gentle wind 和风 27. layer n 层There is a layer of dust on the dressing-table. Clean it before the guest arrives.梳妆台上盖着一层灰尘,在客人来之前,把它擦干净。a layer of clay 黏土层 This cake has a layer of chocolate in the middle. 这蛋糕中间有一层巧克力。28. marble n. 大理石,29. shore n. 岸, 海滨, 支撑柱 off(the) shore离岸on the shore 在岸上, 在陆上 岸bank beach.海滩coast.海岸；海滨seaside 海滨(胜地) 海边 30. luggage n. 行李, 皮箱 (=美 baggage)行李 four pieces of luggage 四件行李 package n.包裹, 包belongings n. 财产, 所有物, 相关事物, 亲戚 31. in public adv. 当众, 公开地, 公然地 the public in private 32. throw light upon/on 使某事非常清楚 can you throw light on the problem? The modern scientific development has thrown light on this question. 33. brilliant adj. 灿烂的, 闪耀的, 有才气的 brilliant achievements 显赫的成就 a brilliant mind 头脑敏锐的人 a brilliant scientist 一位才华横溢的科学家(bright) 34. phenomenon n. 现象 (pl. -na) A rainbow is a natural phenomenon. a social phenomenon社会现象 the phenomenon of nature自然现象 a phenomenon among musicians 音乐界的奇才 35. labour n. 劳动, 努力 uLabour creates the world. 36. hesitate v. 犹豫, 踌躇, 不愿 hesitating adj. 犹豫的, 踌躇的 hesitatingly adv. 支吾其词地, 踌躇地 hesitation n. 犹豫, 踌躇 hesitate at nothing 毫不犹豫地做某事 (at about over sth doing sth) In case you need something, please dont hesitate to ask me. 如果你需要什么东西, 请不客气地对我说。 He who hesitates is lost. 谚当断不断, 必受其患。 Embarrassment caused me to hesitate. 窘迫使得我(讲话)吞吞吐吐。 37. creation n. 创造, 创作物38. horror n. 惊骇, 恐怖 horrible adj. 可怕的, 恐怖的, 讨厌的the horror of war 战争的恐怖 There was a horrible accident here yesterday. 昨天在这里发生了一起可怕的事故。What a horrible building! 多难看的一座建筑物! What horrible weather!这鬼天气!39. grave n. 墓穴, 坟墓40. cut up v. 切碎, 抨击, 歼灭, 使丧气, 胡闹 41. butcher n. 屠夫, 屠户 vt. 屠宰, 屠杀42. curtain n 帘；窗帘；门帘 （舞台上的）幕，43. lip n. 嘴唇, 唇缘 44. brainstorm n. 灵机一动 v. 集体讨论 brainstorm a more permanent solution to a problem 群策群力设法找到一个长期有效的解决办法1, fiction n.虚构, 杜撰; 编造 小说; 虚构的文学作品(包括小说、剧本等) science fiction 科学小说, 科学幻想故事(表示小说时不可数) horror fiction 恐怖小说romantic fiction/ romantic novels言情小说 ； swordsman fiction;kungfu novel;martial novels武侠小说It is a legal fiction that a corporation is a person. 把团体法人当作一个人是一种法律上的假设。 FactTruth is stranger than fiction.谚事实比小说还离奇。 fictionist小说家fictioneer (尤指粗制滥造的)小说作家 2, belief n.(pl. beliefs)相信;)信仰; 信心;信条 信念; 意见 have belief in the masses相信群众 a person worthy of belief可以信得过的人 There is nothing more natural than a childs belief in his parents. 没有任何事情比孩子对他父母的信赖更为自然。 have belief in相信, 信任 belief faith trust confidence 都含有“相信”的意思。 belief 指“承认某事是真的, 尽管有或没有确凿的证据”, 如: belief in ghosts.相信有鬼。 faith 指“认为有确凿证据或道理而完全相信”, 如: I have faith in his ability to succeed.我相信他有成功的能力。 trust 指“信赖”、“信任”, 含有“坚定的信念”的意思, 如: enjoy the trust of the people得到人民的信任。 confidence 指“在有证据的基础上相信”, 也常指“自信”、“有把握”, 如: She has great confidence in her success.她对自己的成功充满信心。 3, make a living by/make ones living gain earn get a living as a live on 4, apply vt.申请 应用, 实施; 运用, apply a theory to practice 把理论应用于实践 apply ones mind to专心于. vi.适用; 应用(to)请求, 申请, 向.询问 You may apply in person or by letter. 你亲自或通信申请均可。 For particulars apply to the office.详情请问办事处。 be applied to适用于, 应用于, apply for申请; 请求, 接洽 apply oneself to致力于, 集中精力做某事 apply sth. to把.施于.; 把.运用于. apply to关系到, 牵涉到 applicant n.申请者, 请求者 provide supply 5,the foundationof an insititution/an organization the foundation of the national economy国民经济的基础 foundation stone奠基石found founder 6, servant maid A politician should be a servant of the people.政治家应当是人民的公仆。 Water may be good servants, but bad masters. 7,hunter on the hunt (for)正在寻找 hunt for jobs go hunting 8,set out (for)sp set off for 出发 set out to do sth开始做 9, collision n.碰撞, 冲突 collision at sea海上碰撞 come into collision with和. 相撞冲突， 抵触 collision with和. 相撞冲突 her activities brought her into collision with the law.触犯了法律 his car had a collision with a truck. The two planes collided with each other in midair. collide vi.碰撞, 抵触 collide with v.冲突 conflict n. 冲突 10, companion n.同伴, 共事者 companions in arms战友 a faithful companion忠实伴侣 make a companion of与.作伴， 与.为友 companionship 伴侣关系； 友谊 11, permanent adj.永久的, 持久的(lasting enduring)impermanent permanent address永久地址 a permanent job固定职业 a permanent committee 常设委员会 12, voyage n.航程, 航空v.航海, 航行 a long journey by sea they made a voyage across the Atlantic. A plane crashed down when it voyaged through space 13, iron n.铁, 熨斗, 坚强, 烙铁, 镣铐 vt.烫平, 熨, 用铁装备vi.烫衣服 a man of iron意志坚强的人; 铁面无私的人 the Iron Age【史】铁器时代 a smoothing iron熨斗 put sb. in irons给某人戴上镣铐 an iron will 坚强的意志 趁热打铁strike while iron is hot /Hold a wolf the iron is hot 14, aboard adv.在船(飞机、车)上, 上船(飞机、车) prep.在(船、飞机、车)上, 上(船、飞机、车) they went aboard the ship all aboard上船啦 go aboard上船 (上飞机等) go on board上船; 上飞机, 上火车 be on board在到船、飞机或车上 go abroad 15, dislike vt.讨厌, 不喜欢 n.嫌恶 I have taken a strong dislike of to, for him.我极不喜欢他。 I dislike selfish people.我讨厌自私的人。 likes and dislikes爱好和厌恶 unlike adj.不同的, 不相似的prep.不象.,和.不同 For twins, they are very unlike.作为一对双胞胎，他们很不一样 Shes unlike the rest of her family.她不同于她家里的其他成员 16, shore n.岸, 海滨, 支撑柱 off(the) shore离岸on the shore 在岸上, 在陆上 岸bank beach.海滩coast.海岸；海滨seaside 海滨(胜地) 海边 17, luggage n.行李, 皮箱 (=美 baggage)行李 four pieces of luggage 四件行李 package n.包裹, 包belongings n.财产, 所有物, 相关事物, 亲戚 18, in public adv.当众, 公开地, 公然地 the public in private 19, throw light upon/on 使某事非常清楚 can you throw light on the problem? The modern scientific development has thrown light on this question. 20, brilliant adj.灿烂的, 闪耀的, 有才气的 brilliant achievements显赫的成就 a brilliant mind头脑敏锐的人 a brilliant scientist一位才华横溢的科学家(bright) 21, phenomenon n.现象(pl. -na) A rainbow is a natural phenomenon. a social phenomenon社会现象the phenomenon of nature自然现象 a phenomenon among musicians音乐界的奇才 22,hesitate v.犹豫, 踌躇, 不愿 hesitating adj.犹豫的, 踌躇的hesitatingly adv.支吾其词地, 踌躇地 hesitation n.犹豫, 踌躇 hesitate at nothing毫不犹豫地做某事(at about over sth doing sth) In case you need something, please dont hesitate to ask me. 如果你需要什么东西, 请不客气地对我说。 He who hesitates is lost.谚当断不断, 必受其患。 Embarrassment caused me to hesitate.窘迫使得我(讲话)吞吞吐吐。 23,brainstormn.灵机一动v.集体讨论 brainstorm a more permanent solution to a problem 群策群力设法找到一个长期有效的解决办法 24, cut up v.切碎, 抨击, 歼灭, 使丧气, 胡闹 25.Labour creates the world.u fiction n. 小说；虚构 Fact Truth is stranger than fiction. (谚) 事实奇于小说。 belief n. sure feeling that something is true 信念；信仰；相信 She has lost her belief in religion. 她已不信仰宗教了。 league n. a unit of distance equal to 3.0 statute miles (4.8 kilometers) 里格 长度单位，相当于3.0法定英里（4.8公里） n. group of persons or nations together for common goal联盟；社团 Are they League members? 他们是团员吗？ balloon n. bag that becomes bigger when filled with air or with gas and can float in the sky 气球 bulb n. 球状物；球茎；灯泡 make a living 谋生 botany n.u 植物学 apply v. use; put into practice应用；运用 We should apply theory to practice. 我们应当把理论运用到实践中去。 v. ask for 申请；请求 He applies to the consul for a visa. 他向领事申请签证。 applied adj.应用的；实用的 applied science 应用科学 foundation n. the act of starting the building of something 基础 Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy. 农业是国民经济的基础。 n. the action of founding, establishing； placing on a basis建立 the foundation of a new school 创办一所新学校 servant n. someone who works in another persons house, cooking, cleaning, etc. 仆人；公务员；雇员 We should always be the servants of the people. 我们应该永远做人民的勤务员。 whale n.c a large fish like animal which lives in the sea 鲸 The whale is the largest animal in the world. 鲸是世界上最大的动物。 hunter n. someone who chases wild animals for food or sport猎人；搜索者 set out begin a journey; start 启程；出发；开始 We set out for the Western Hills at 10:30. 我们十点半出发去西山。 collision n. 碰撞with, against His car had a collision with a truck. 他的车子与货车相撞。 n. (利害、意见、目的等的)不一致；冲突 come into collision (with.) (与) 冲突/抵触/对立 companion n. someone who is with another person同伴；同伙 She seemed to be the companion of the young man. 她似乎是那青年的伴侣。 overboard adv. over the side of a ship or boat into the water向船外；从船上落（或抛）到水时 Dont throw that box overboard. 别把那只箱子抛入水中。 submarine n. ship that can travel under the sea 潜水艇 Some submarines carry many men and stay underwater for several weeks. 有些潜水艇能装很多人，并在水下呆好几个星期。 permanent adj. 永久的；固定的 permanent residence 永久住处 guest n. a visitor, someone whom you have invited客人；旅客 They are expecting a guest to dinner. 他们在等一位客人来吃饭。 voyage n. sea journey 航海；航行；航空 He made a voyage to Japan. 他航行至日本。 iron n.u strong hard metal 铁 Strike while the iron is hot. （谚）趁热打铁。 aboard prep. On, in, or into a ship(aeroplane,train, etc.)在船（飞机、火车）上；上船（飞机、火车） They went aboard the ship. 他们上了船。 adv. Its time to go aboard. 上船（飞机等）的时间到了。 lamp n.c thing that gives light灯 He worked for a whole night with the lamp lighted. 他点着灯，整整工作了一夜。 dislike vt. not to like, to hate 不喜欢；讨厌 I dislike being alone. 我不喜欢独居。 n.c a feeling of not liking 不喜欢；讨厌 I took a dislike to him. 我讨厌他。 prisoner n. a man who is locked in a prison 囚犯；俘虏 gentle adj. kind and friendly 温和的；温柔的 Mothers are gentle with their babies. 母亲对婴儿总是温柔体贴的。 adj. that moves softly; that feels soft轻柔的；柔和的 The gentle breezes rustled through the leaves. 微风穿过树叶吹了过来。 Iceland n. 冰岛 layer n. a thickness of some material which is laid on or spread over a surface层；地层 I have three layers of blankets on my bed in winter. 我冬天在床上铺三层毯子 marble n.u hard stone for statues and special buildings大理石(制品) The temple had a marble floor. 教堂有大理石地板。 shore n. ground next to the sea or a big lake 岸；滨 The ship stopped a little way off the shore. 船停在离岸不远的地方。 luggage (总称)行李 =(美)baggage three pieces of luggage 三件行李 in public where other people are, openly 当众；公开地 She is too shy to sing in public. 她很腼腆，不敢在众人面前唱歌。 throw light upon/on 阐明，使明白/清楚 The fact throws light on the problem. 事实说明了这个问题。 brilliant adj. very clever 非常聪明的；才华横溢的 She is a brilliant student. 她是一个有才华的学生。 adj. very bright 光辉的；辉煌的；耀眼的 She is wearing a brilliant jewels. 她戴着耀眼的珠宝。 phenomenon n.c 现象；奇迹 (pl. phenomena ) A rainbow is a natural phenomenon. 彩虹是自然现象。 labour n.u hard work that you do with your hands 劳动；努力 It is necessary for us to take part in physical labour. 我们参加体力劳动是十分必要的。 hesitate v. to stop and consider before an action犹豫；踌躇 If you hesitate too much, youll lose the game. 如果你太犹豫，你就会输掉这一局（游戏、球类等）。 creation n.u making something 创造；建立 The creation of new playground will benefit the local children. 新游乐场的建立将给当地的孩子带来益处。 horror n.u great fear or dislike恐惧；恐怖 She ran away in horror from the snake. 她很恐怖地跑了，躲开那条蛇。 horrible adj. making one very afraid, very sad, of shocked 可怕的；恐怖的 Murder is a horrible crime. 谋杀是一种恐怖的罪行。 grave n. the place where a dead person is put in the ground 墓穴；坟墓 Is there life beyond the grave? 人还有来生吗？ cut up cut small; cut into pieces 切碎；切成小块 The cook is cutting up the meat. 厨子正在切肉。 butcher n. a man who sells meat卖肉者；屠夫 He is a butcher by trade. 他的职业是屠夫。 curtain n. piece of cloth that hangs in front of a window or a door 窗帘；门帘 Will you draw the curtain? 请你拉上窗帘好吗？ n. a large piece of heavy cloth which separates the stage of a theatre from the audience（舞台上）幕 The curtain dropped on the last scene. 幕在最后一场拉了下来。 lip n. one of the two soft front edges of the mouth 嘴唇；唇状物 She had a cigarette between her lips. 她嘴里叼着一支香烟。 brainstorm n. a sudden clever plan or idea 突然的灵感；突然想到的妙计/好办法 =brainwave(英) vt. engage in or organize shared problem solving 献计献策 think of or produce (a solution to a problem, for example) by this method. 想出办法1. league n.里格，是旧时长度单位，约为3英里或5千米同盟，团队 eg. Are they League members?他们是团员吗？ A League member should be an example for the youth to follow.习语：in league with “暗中合谋，同暗中勾结”The police suspected that the bank clerk was in league with the robbers.警察怀疑银行职员与强盗暗中勾结。2. fictionn. 作“小说”意思，为不可数名词 eg. Fact/ Truth is stranger than fiction. （谚）事实奇于小说。He writes fiction. 他是写小说的。辨析：fable指借助动物、植物、物品等形象或对话说明某一哲理的寓言，通常寓意在结尾点明。 fiction 包括的范围较广，可指短篇、中篇、长篇小说或传奇故事。 This is a bable about a fox.这是一个关于狐狸的寓言。 He prefers light fiction to serious novels.比起严肃小说来，他更喜欢轻松的小说。n. 作“虚构之事，想像”，是可数名词 eg. His testimony was a complete fiction. 他的证言全是虚构的。adj. fictional, 虚构的，编造的He wrote a fictional account of a