北京太奇培训学校考研英语串讲冲刺讲座.doc

大家学习网2005 年考研英语朱泰祺冲刺讲座 制作 by 晨阳沐雪第 1 页 共 8 页2005 北京太奇培训学校考研英语串讲冲刺讲座(新考纲 新题型)第1 讲：完形填空串讲冲刺完形填空测试的基本要求：2005 年考研试题中的Use of English 即为完形填空。完形填空是从语篇水平上来测试考生综合运用语言知识，特别是词汇和语法结构知识的能力。研究生英语入学考试的完形填空测试，要求考生在全面理解一篇240 - 280 字的文章内容的基础上，选择一个最佳答案，使短文的意思和结构完整、合理。完形填空20 题，每题0.5 分；解题时间约为15 分钟左右。第2 讲：阅读理解Part A 串讲冲刺一. 阅读理解Part A 要求：阅读4 篇短文，阅读量约1600 词。每篇短文后有5 道选择题，共计20 题，每小题2 分，共40 分。2004 年第一篇428 字；第二篇393 字；第三篇402 字；第四篇414 字；共计1637字。二. 预测2005 年阅读理解Part A 试题的类型与示例串讲：1. 细节理解题。2. 细节辨认题。3. 词、短语或句子的释义题。4. 推理判断题。5. 作者观点题。6. 逻辑结构题。7. 逻辑框架题。8. 全文主旨题。9. 细节类比题。阅读理解解题方法小结1.对应法：根据试题要求到文章中寻找相应答案。应注意：1) 题目与文章段落的对应位置。2) 题干中的关键信号词与文章中相应词的接轨。此法常用于解客观性试题，如具体细节题。2.分析法：通过对文章有关内容的分析，推论出正确答案。此法常用于解主观性试题，如推理判断题、词汇释义题和逻辑结构题。3.归纳法：根据段落内容归纳段落中心思想，根据各段中心思想提炼出主题。此法常用于解主观性试题，如段落内容归纳题和全文主旨题。4.淘汰法：通过核对和分析，排除错误选项，获取正确答案。此法常用于解细节辨认题。第3 讲：阅读理解Part B 串讲冲刺选择搭配题一.阅读理解Part B 测试要求：主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。本部分的内容是一篇总长度为500 600 词的文章，其中有5 段空白，文章后有6 7 段文字，要求考生根据文章内容从这6 7 段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5 个空白处的5 段。解题时间为20分钟左右。二.选择搭配题的考点：主要是段落的主题句和结论句，其次是语篇中承上启下的语段。三.解题段技巧：把握主题、注意语段内容与选项在逻辑上的连贯性（如递进、转折、举例、结论等），划出语段中关键信息词和选项中关键信息词并进行连接，注意其前后的一致性，然后决定取舍。第3 讲：阅读理解Part C 串讲冲刺English-Chinese Translation(英译汉)一. 英译汉测试要求：在一篇约400 字的短文中有5 个划线部分(约150 字), 考生应根据上下文将各划线部分译成汉语。译文必须内容准确、完整、语言明白、字迹清楚。每一划线部分为1 小题，每小题2分，共10 分。解题时间为25 - 30 分钟。二. 2004 年英译汉试题分析小结：试题文章长度：350 字。2004 年英译汉试题5 个划线句子的字数分别为：30、29、31、27和39，总计156 字。其中定语从句5 句。今年全国统考试卷英译汉平均分为5.32 分。与近年同类试题难度比较：属中等。据考试中心分析，考生失分原因主要有两点：1) 微观方面：对词义的掌握不够到位，对某些关键词词义理解有偏差；2) 宏观方面：不能根据上下文的逻辑联系来把握句子的内含，不能根据句子的总体意思来引申、表达某些词汇和词组的含义。英译汉翻译技巧小结任何事物内部都存在一定的规律性，翻译作为一门学问也应有一定的规律可循。下面介绍几种常见的译法。一. 被动态的译法：1. 把英语的被动态译为汉语的主动态：1) By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of over200 Belgian and French lives.到大战结束时，这个组织拯救了800 人，但那是以200 多名比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的。2) On their domestic stations events in the Middle East were dismissed briefly.在他们国内电台的广播中，中东事件只是简短地报导了一下。3) 注意下列句型的译法：It is hoped that 人们希望 ；It is reported that 据报导 ；It is said that 据说 ；It is supposed that 据推测 ；It may be said without any exaggeration that 可以毫不夸张地说 ；It must be pointed out that 必须指出 ；It will be seen from thisthat 由此可见 ；It is asserted that 有人主张 ；It is well known that 众所周知 。2. 把英语被动态译为汉语被动句：英语被动态的含义可以用汉语的“被”、“由”、“靠”、“受”、“被所”等来表达：1)Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield.我们随时都会被出入机场的敌机所发现。2)But shortly afterwards they heard that every single member of that first party had beencaptured by Spanish Fron- tier police and put into a concentration camp.可是不久以后他们听说，第一批的所有人都被西班牙的边防警察逮捕并关进集中营。3)These views of Marx and Engels have now been adopted by all proletarians who are fightingfor their emancipation.马克思和恩格斯的这种观点现在已为正在争取解放的全体无产阶级所采纳。二. it 做形式宾语的句子，汉译时that 引导的宾语从句一般可按原文顺译，it 不译：1)I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 oclock in the morning.我向他们讲请楚了的是，他们必须在上午10 时以前交卷。2)I take it for granted that you will come and talk the matter over with him.我认为理所当然的是，你会来和他谈这件事。但有时也可将that 引导的宾语从句提前翻译（即逆序法）：1) I regard it as an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting.我被推选参加这次会议，感到十分荣欣。2) I owe it to you that I have achieved so great results in my research work.我在研究工作中取得如此巨大的成果应归功于你。三. 同位语从句的英译汉技巧：1. 同位语从句汉译时不提前：1) He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.他表示希望再到中国来访问。2) There were also indications that intelligence, not politics was Helms primary concern.还有种种迹象表明，赫尔姆斯主要关心的是情报，而不是政治。3) An obedient son, I had accepted my fathers decision that I was to be a doctor, though theprospect interested me not at all.作为一个孝子，我接受了父亲的决定，要当医生，虽然我对这样的前景毫无兴趣。2. 同位语从句汉译时提前：1) But I knew I couldnt trust him. There was always the possibility that he was a politicalswindler.第 4 页 共 8 页但我知道不能轻信他。他是政治骗子这种可能性始终存在。2) It does not alter the fact that he is the man responsible for the delay.延迟应有他负责，这个事实是改变不了的。3) There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical workin general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。3. 增加“即”或用冒号、破折号分开：1) But they ignored the fact that, though pilots, we potentially were in as much danger ofcapture as any convert agent.但他们对这一点却置之不理，即我们虽说是飞行员，却和任何潜在的特务一样有被俘的危险。2) And there was possibility that a small electrical spark might accidentally pass by the mostcarefully planned circuit.而且总有这种可能性 一个小小的电火花可能会意外地绕过了最为精心设计的电路。3) What concerns research workers even more, of course, is the fact that a certain number ofinnocent people are bound to be convicted of crime they have not committed.当然，对研究人员来说更为直接有关的是，一些清白无辜的人将被冤枉定罪。四. 定语从句的译法：1. 限止性定语从句的“前置合译法”：1) I was, to borrow from John Le Carre, the spy who was to stay out in the cold.借用约翰 勒卡雷的话来说，我成了一个被打入冷宫的间谍了。2) There will come a day when people the world over will live a happy life under the sun ofsocialism.全世界人民在社会主义阳光下过幸福生活的一天是会来到的。3) New sources of energy must be found, and this will take time, but it is not likely to result inany situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in thepast.必须找到新能源，这需要时间；而过去我们感觉到的那种能源廉价而充足的情况将不大可能再出现了。2. 限止性定语从句的“后置分译法”：1) They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, inthe past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.他们正在为实现一个理想而奋斗，这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的，在过去，许多中国人曾为了这个理想而献出了自己的生命。2) He unselfishly contributed his uncommon talents and indefatigable (不倦的) spirit to thestruggle which today brings those aims within the reach of a majority of the human race.第 5 页 共 8 页他把自己非凡的才智和孜孜不倦的精神无私地献给了这种斗争，这一斗争今天已使人类中大多数人可以达到这些目标。3) Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies whichenable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than hasever been possible before.各种技术的发展伴随而来的是信息数量的与日俱增，这些技术使得人们能以比以往任何时候更快的速度来 储存更多的信息并把它们传递到更多的地方。4)From another point of view, it is necessary to bear in mind that there are invariably political,educational, social and psychological obstacles which tend to interfere seriously with anymeasures taken to deal with the economic difficulties outlined above.从另外一个观点来看，必须牢记，始终存在一些政治、教育、社会和心理方面的障碍，这些障碍往往严重地干扰了为解决上述种种经济困难所采取的任何措施。3.限定性定语从句的“溶合翻译法”：1) There was another man who seemed to have answers, and that was Robert McNamara.另外还有一个人似乎知道答案，那就是罗伯特 麦克纳马拉。2) There were men in that crowd who had stood there every day for a month.在那群人中，有些人每天站在那里，站了一个月。3) Many statements which have appeared in textbooks as universal and absolute truths have, intheir original form, been put forward as only approximately true, or true only in certaincircumstances.许多论述在教科书中似乎是普遍的、绝对真理，而在原著中只是作为近似真实或只在某些情况下真实而被提出来的。4.非限定性定语从句的“前置合译法”：The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor.整天躲在云层中的太阳现在出来了，光彩夺目。5.非限止性定语从句的“后置分译法”：1) There is a well-known incident in one of Molieres plays, where the author makes the heroexpress unbounded delight on being told that he had been talking prose during the whole of hislife.在莫里哀的一个剧本中有这样一段著名的插曲，其中作者让主人公得知他在整个一生中一直在用散文说话后，表现出无限的喜悦。2) With all humility, I would appeal to all powers to pay attention to the voice of an anxioushumanity in all continents, which implores(恳求) us to be considerate of difficulties, objective inour judgment, and measured in our speech.我谨呼吁所有大国注意世界各大洲焦虑的人们的呼声。这一呼声在恳求我们要体量困难、客观判断、斟酌言词。第 6 页 共 8 页6. 兼有状语意义的定语从句：有时从整个复合句来，其中的定语从句在逻辑上含有各种不同的状语意义，所以在翻译处理时常译为状语从句。1) The widespread use of credit cards nowadays staggers the imagination to the point where onewonders whether the total amount of consumer spending each year would be the same if this“plastic money” were not around.如今，信用卡的广泛使用简直使人难以想象，如果没有这张“塑料卡”人们每年的消费开支总额是否会和现在一样。2) The ambassador was giving a dinner for a few people whom he wished especially to talk toor to hear from.大使为几个人举行了宴会，因为他想专用与他们谈谈或听取他们的意见。3) We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can seeclearly in the night.我们知道，猫眼比人眼能吸收更多的光线，所以它在夜间也能清楚地看见东西。4) My assistant, who had carefully read through the instructions before doing his experiment,could not obtain satisfactory results, because he followed them mechanically.我的助手虽然已经在做试验以前仔细阅读了指令，但是没能得到满意的结果，因为他机械地遵循指令。5) So my chances of getting to revolutionary China are pretty slim, although I have not given upmy efforts to get a passport that will enable me to visit the countries of Socialism.因此我到革命中国的可能性十分渺茫，尽管我还没有放弃努力得到一张护照，以便使我能访问社会主义国家。6) Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families.人们拼命争取工作，什么工作都行，只要这种工作能够帮助他们养家糊口。五.“what”在从句中的译法：what 可以引导名词从句，即主语从句、宾语从句或介词宾语从句。What 的内涵往往取决于支配它的词所构成的汉义搭配。1. You can impress others with your sense of responsibility and initiative, so that they will giveyou the authority to do what you want to do.你可以使其他人对你的责任感和创造精神留下深刻印象，因而他们会给你权威去做你想做的事情。2. Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishingthan what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions, no matter how unusual andabnormal.传统风俗，就全世界而言，是由许多细节性行为所组成。这些细节性行为与任何个人在其行动中所养成的习惯相比更引人注目。3. It is true that the average man often uses in his own vocabulary what was once technicallanguage not meant for him.第 7 页 共 8 页确实，普通老百姓在其自己的词汇中常常使用一些并不是为他创造的一度是技术性的术语。六. “名词(或句子) + 同位语 + 定语从句”的译法：1. Federick Jackson Turner developed his Frontier Thesis, a thesis that explained Americandevelopment in terms of westward expansion.弗德里克 杰克逊 脱纳尔提出了他的“边疆论点”，这个论点根据向西扩张说明了美国的发展。2. The marriage age is rising, a condition that makes home and Its pleasantness particularlyattractive to young people.结婚年龄在上升，这种情况使家庭及其舒适对年轻人特别有吸引力。3. The experience of United Kingdom since 1979 clearly shows one approach that works:privatization, in which state-owned industries are sold to private companies.自从1979 年以来英国的经历清楚地说明一种行之有效的做法，即私有化：把国有工业卖给私营公司。七. “with + 名词 + 现在分词或过去分词”构成分词独立结构的译法：1. In the teaching of mathematics, the way of instruction is generally traditional, with teacherspresenting formal lectures and students taking not