新视野大学英语第三版读写教程1课文翻译.doc

one孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、教育家，是儒家学派（Confucianism）的创始人，被尊称为古代的圣人（sage）。ConfuciuswasagreatthinkerandeducatorinChinesehistory.HewasthefounderofConfucianismandwasrespectfullyreferredtoasanancientsage.他的言论和生平活动记录在论语（TheAnalects）一书中。HiswordsandlifestorywererecordedinTheAnalects.论语是中国古代文化的经典著作，对后来历代的思想家、文学家、政治家产生了很大影响。AnenduringclassicofancientChineseculture,TheAnalectshashadagreatinfluenceonthethinkers,writers,andstatesmenthatcameafterConfucius.不研究论语，就不能真正把握中国几千年的传统文化。Withoutstudyingthisbook,onecouldhardlytrulyunderstandthethousands-of-yearstraditionalChineseculture.孔子的很多思想，尤其是其教育思想，对中国社会产生了深远的影响。MuchofConfuciusthought,especiallyhisthoughtoneducation,hashadaprofoundinfluenceonChinesesociety.在21世纪的今天，孔子的学说不仅受到中国人的重视，而且也越来越受到整个国际社会的重视。Inthe21stcentury,ConfucianthoughtnotonlyretainstheattentionoftheChinese,butitalsowinsanincreasingattentionfromtheinternationalcommunity.Three中国航天业开创于1956年。Chinasspaceindustrywaslaunchedin1956.几十年来，中国航天事业创造了一个又一个奇迹。Overthepastdecades,Chinasspaceindustryhascreatedonemiracleafteranother.1970年，中国成功发射了第一颗人造地球卫星，成为世界上第五个独立自主研制和发射人造地球卫星的国家。In1970Chinalauncheditsfirstman-madeearthsatellite,rankingChinathefifthcountryintheworldtoindependentlydevelopandlaunchman-madeearthsatellites.1992年，中国开始实施载人航天飞行工程（mannedspaceflightprogram）。In1992Chinabegantocarryoutthemannedspaceflightprogram.2003年，中国成功发射了神舟五号载人飞船，使中国成为第三个发射载人飞船的国家。In2003ChinalaunchedShenzhou-5,amannedspaceship.ThesuccessfullaunchmadeChinathethirdcountrytolaunchmannedspaceships.2007年发射了嫦娥一号，即第一颗绕月球飞行（lunar-orbiting）的人造卫星。In2007Change-1,thefirstlunar-orbitingman-madesatellite,wassenttospace.2013年，第五艘载人飞船神舟十号发射成功，为中国空间站的建设打下了基础。In2013Shenzhou-10,thefifthmannedspaceship,waslaunchedsuccessfully,layingthefoundationforbuildingtheChineseSpaceStation.Five太极拳（TaiChi）是一种武术（martialarts）项目，也是一种健身运动,在中国有着悠久的历史。TaiChiisakindofmartialarts,andafitnessexerciseaswell.IthasalonghistoryinChina.太极拳动作缓慢而柔和，适合任何年龄、性别、体型的人练习。Withslowandgentlemovements,TaiChiissuitableforpeopleofanyage,sex,orbodytypetopractice.太极拳既可防身，又能强身健体，因而深受中国人的喜爱。Itcanbeusedtoprovideself-defenseaswellasbuildthebody.Therefore,ithasbecomeverypopularamongChinesepeople.太极拳在发展的过程中，借鉴并吸收了中国传统哲学、医术、武术的合理内容（element），成为特色鲜明的一项运动。Duringitsdevelopment,TaiChiborrowedandabsorbeddesirableelementsfromtraditionalChinesephilosophy,medicine,andmartialarts,andithasdevelopedintoasportwithuniquefeatures.作为中国特有的一种运动形式，太极拳也越来越受到众多外国朋友的喜爱。AsauniquesportinChina,TaiChiisalsogainingincreasingpopularityamongmanyforeignfriends.Six改革开放以来，中国的教育事业得到了快速发展，取得了引人瞩目的成就。Sinceitseconomicreformandopening-uptotheworld,Chinaseducationhasgonethroughrapiddevelopmentandmaderemarkableachievements.中国政府把教育摆在优先发展的地位，坚持科教兴国（revitalizethecountry），全面提倡素质教育(quality-orientededucation)。TheChinesegovernmentgivestopprioritytothedevelopmentofeducation,persistsinrevitalizingthecountrybyscienceandeducation,andfullyadvocatesquality-orientededucation.同时，积极推进教育公平，保障人人有受教育的机会。Meanwhile,itactivelypromotesequalityineducationtoguaranteeeveryoneaccesstoeducation.中国的教育成就反映在两个不同的层面：Chinasachievementsineducationcanbereflectedintwodifferentlayers:一个是全面普及了九年义务教育（nine-yearcompulsoryeducation），Oneisthepopularizationofthenine-yearcompulsoryeducation;另一个是实现了高等教育大众化（masshighereducation）。theotheristherealizationofmasshighereducation.教育的发展为中国的经济发展和社会进步作出了重大贡献。ThedevelopmentofeducationhasmadesignificantcontributionstoChinaseconomicdevelopmentandsocialprogress.近年来，为适应社会、经济发展的需要，中国政府不断加快培养各领域的急需人才。Inrecentyears,tosatisfytheneedsofsocialandeconomicdevelopment,theChinesegovernmenthasspedupthetrainingofqualifiedpersonnelurgentlyneededSeven为人诚信，以和为贵是中华民族的传统美德。IntegrityandharmonyaretraditionalChinesevirtues.和的思想体现在很多方面。Harmonyisdemonstratedinvariousaspects.在处理人与人的关系上，中国传统思想主张和为贵以及家和万事兴，从而创造一个和谐的社会环境。Inregardtointerpersonalrelations,traditionalChinesethoughtsholdthatHarmonyismostpreciousandAfamilythatlivesinharmonywillprosper.Aharmonioussocialenvironmentcanbecreatedbasedontheseprinciples.在人与自然的关系上，人类应当学会认识自然，尊重自然，保护自然。Asforrelationsbetweenhumanbeingsandnature,peopleshouldlearntounderstand,respectandprotectnature.人与人、人与社会、人与自然都需要和谐。Harmonyisessentialtointerpersonalrelations,relationsbetweenhumanbeingsandsociety,aswellasbetweenhumanbeingsandnature.如今，和谐发展依然是我们的治国之本和管理人才之道。随着我国社会经济和文化的发展，和的思想更加深入人心。Nowadays,harmoniousdevelopmentisstillthewayofrunningthecountryandmanagingtalentedpersonnel.WiththedevelopmentofChinassociety,economyandculture,theideaofharmonygoesevendeeperintopeopleshearts.中国正在向构建社会主义和谐社会的目标迈进。Chinaisonitswaytowardthegoalofbuildingaharmonioussocialistsociety.综合训练one中国书法意在既展现自然之美，又体现人的精神之美，非常讲究子的整体排列效果，注重字与行的协调。Chinese calligraphy aims to retain the beauty of nature and illuminate the spiritual beauty of man.it stresses the overall layout and harmony between words and lines.汉字雅致的形体蕴含着丰富的情感和艺术力量。The graceful shapes of Chinese characters evoke deep emotion and artistic power. 在中国有个成语叫“字如其人”，意思是说可以从一个人所写的字来判断其性情。As the chinese saying goes “the handwriting reveals the writer”which means ones disposition can be judged by his/her handwriting. 一个人的字写得如何，也能体现出其对生活的艺术的领悟.。In addition,ones handwriting also reveals his/her understanding of life and art.潜心练字可以让人放松，抵制外界的干扰。Devotion to practicing calligraphy can help a person to achieve relaxation and repel outside disturbance.因此，练习书法也被认为是修心养性的一种方法。So,it is also a way to keep mind and body fit and healthy.Three 茶，这一美妙的饮品与四千多年前原产于中国。Tea is a wonderful beverage originally produced in China more than 4000 years ago.在唐代时，日本僧人从中国引入茶种，并与同时引入的禅宗思想相结合，形成了闻名世界的日本茶道。During the Tang dynasty,Japanese monks introduced tea seeds to Japan,and by combining tea with Zen Buddhism,created the world-famous Japanese tea ceremony. 在17世纪时，中国人的饮茶习惯被带到欧洲，进而形成了欧洲人喝茶的传统。In the 17th century, the Chinese habit of drinking tea was brought to Europe, which then became a tradition of the Europeans.尤其在英国，喝下午茶的习惯由此而生。In England in particular, people develop the custom of drinking afternoon tea.在19世纪以前，世界各地的茶叶基本来自中国。Prior to the 19th century, all of the tea in the world was primarily grown in China.茶是中国人对世界的重要贡献。Tea is an important contribution of the Chinese people to the world. Five随着社会进步和时代变迁，中国家庭规模和家庭结构都在发生变化。With the development of society and the change of time,the size and structure of Chinese families have been undergoing changes.中国传统家庭模式一般至少包括夫妻和子女两代人，并普遍存在三世同堂，四世同堂的现象。A traditional Chinese families generally consists of at least two generations including the husband and wife and their children,and it is a common phenomenon for three or four generations to live under one roof.然而，改革开放以来，随着生活方式的变化，传统的大家庭模式已逐步向结构简单，规模小的家庭模式转化。However, since the introduction of the reform and opening-up policy, with the changes in the lifestyle in our society, traditional extended families have been gradually transformed into families of simple structure and small size . 其中由父母，子女构成的核心家庭成为中国家庭结构中最主要的模式。Among them, nuclear families, which are made up of parents and parents and children only, have become the major form of Chinese families.Six据史料记载，孔子曾向老子问礼，并对老子赞赏有加，这就更加证实了传统的说法，即老子与孔子处于同一个时代，是孔子的长辈。According to historical records ,Confucius once consulted Laozi about the rites and sang high praise for himThis confirms the traditional claim that Laozi and Confucius were contemporaries and Laozi was senior to Confucius.老子唯一的著作是老子，又叫道德经。The one and only book contributed by Laozi is The book of Laozi (also called Dao De Jing).他主张无为而治，一个人应该知足，寡欲，弃智，抱朴，把自己的作为严格控制在必要的范围内。Laozi held the idea of“governing by inaction”.He believed that one should feel gratified,have few desires,discard wit, embrace simplicity, and confine ones action within the limit of necessity .虽然老子在价值观中很少论及政治，但他详细论述里如何为了人民的利益来经营国家。Laozi rarely spoke of polices in his values.Instead he elaborated on how