使用FIT 进行确认测试.doc

使用FIT框架进行确认测试中国软件评测中心 陈 兵FIT（Framework for Integrated Tests） 是一种通用的开放框架，是由由Ward Cunningham开发的，可以帮助我们进行自动化的确认测试。自动化测试是轻型开发模式（XP、Crystal等）测试活动的另一个优秀思路也是采取轻型开发模式的必要条件之一。在只有测试实现了自动化，回归测试才能实现，重构（采取轻型开发模式另外的一个必要条件）才能够贯彻，而迭代也才能够进行。FIT利用JUnit并扩展了JUnit的测试功能。长期以来，在软件开发中我们一直关心着两个主要问题：第一，业务如何通过应用程序与其所需内容通信；第二，工程师如何验证他们是否正在构建满足业务需要的正确软件。多年来，为了解决这些关心的问题，已探索了许多方法和框架，但直到出现 Framework for Integrated Tests (FIT) 以后，才找到了解决这些问题的简便而直观的方法。使用FIT我们可以编写出可以自动运行的确认测试用例，可以用来确认我们所开发出来的软件是否满足了用户所需的功能，可以作为持续构建过程的一部分来确保所构建出来的版本是正确的。但是，FIT还有另外一个更为重要的功能，那就是在软件开发中增强协作，尤其是开发团队和客户、领域专家之间的协作。这种协作可以有效地降低软件开发中的不必要的复杂性，加速反馈，并确保最大程度地为客户提供最高的价值。l FIT如何工作简单来讲，FIT就是一个软件，它能够读取HTML文件中的表格（这些表格可以通过MicroSoft Word或者Excel产生）。针对每个表格，都会由一个程序员编写的fixture（装置）来解释。该fixture会驱动“被测系统 (SUTSystem Under Test)”来对表格中给出的测试用例进行检验。Fixture充当Fit表格和要测试系统间的媒介，起协调作用，完成表格中给出的测试。FIT中提供了好几种类型的Fixture，它们分别用于处理不同的情形。Fixture的形式有3种：n ColumnFixture（对应于“列”表），“列”表的形式如下图所示：CalculateScholarshipScoreScholarship()1000019990200050020505002100100022001500230020002350200024002500n RowFixture（对应于“行”表），“行”表的形式如下图所示：DiscountGroupOrderedListorderfuture valuemax owingmin purchasediscount percent 1low0.000.0002low0.002000.0033medium500.00600.0034medium0.00500.0055high2000.002000.0010n ActionFixture，表明以表格给出的测试用例的一系列的操作步骤。见表1。表1fit.ActionFixturestartcstc.example.coffeemaker.AddInventoryenterunits coffee 3enterunits milk 5enterunits sugar 6enterunits chocolate 7checkcoffee inventory 18checkmilk inventory 20checksugar inventory 21checkchocolate inventory 22在表1中，第1列给出了执行的命令，这里共有3个命令，但是其它的命令可以根据实际情况在ActionFixture.的子类中进行创建。上述的3个命令是：Start：与该Fixture相关联的类的名称Enter：该类的一个方法（带有一个变量）Check：该类的一个方法的返回值（不带变量）为该表格创建一个ActionFixture类如下：package cstc.example.coffeemaker;import fit.ActionFixture;public class AddInventory extends ActionFixture private CoffeeMaker cm = new CoffeeMaker(); private Inventory i = cm.checkInventory();public void unitsCoffee(int coffee) cm.addInventory(coffee,0,0,0); public void unitsMilk(int milk) cm.addInventory(0,milk,0,0); public void unitsSugar(int sugar) cm.addInventory(0,0,sugar,0); public void unitsChocolate(int chocolate) cm.addInventory(0,0,0,chocolate); public int coffeeInventory() return i.getCoffee(); public int milkInventory() return i.getMilk(); public int sugarInventory() return i.getSugar(); public int chocolateInventory() return i.getChocolate(); 此 fixture 将调用下面清单中显示的 SUT（被测对象） CoffeeMaker 类，然后调用该类上的相关方法。package cstc.example.ffeemaker;public class CoffeeMaker /* * Array of recipes in coffee maker */private Recipe recipeArray;/* Number of recipes in coffee maker */private final int NUM_RECIPES = 4;/* Array describing if the array is full */private boolean recipeFull;/* Inventory of the coffee maker */ private Inventory inventory; /* * Constructor for the coffee maker * */public CoffeeMaker() recipeArray = new RecipeNUM_RECIPES; recipeFull = new booleanNUM_RECIPES;for(int i = 0; i NUM_RECIPES; i+) recipeArrayi = new Recipe(); recipeFulli = false;inventory = new Inventory();/* * Returns true if a recipe is successfully added to the * coffee maker * param r * return boolean */public boolean addRecipe(Recipe r) boolean canAddRecipe = true; /Check if the recipe already exists for(int i = 0; i NUM_RECIPES; i+) if(r.equals(recipeArrayi) canAddRecipe = false; /Check for an empty recipe, add recipe to first empty spot if(canAddRecipe) int emptySpot = -1; for(int i = 0; i NUM_RECIPES; i+) if(!recipeFulli) emptySpot = i; canAddRecipe = true; if(emptySpot != -1) recipeArrayemptySpot = r; recipeFullemptySpot = true; else canAddRecipe = false; return canAddRecipe; /* * Returns true if the recipe was deleted from the * coffee maker * param r * return boolean */ public boolean deleteRecipe(Recipe r) boolean canDeleteRecipe = false; if(r != null) for(int i = 0; i NUM_RECIPES; i+) if(r.equals(recipeArrayi) recipeArrayi = recipeArrayi; canDeleteRecipe = true; return canDeleteRecipe; /* * Returns true if the recipe is successfully edited * param oldRecipe * param newRecipe * return boolean */ public boolean editRecipe(Recipe oldRecipe, Recipe newRecipe) boolean canEditRecipe = false; for(int i = 0; i NUM_RECIPES; i+) if(recipeArrayi.getName() != null) if(newRecipe.equals(recipeArrayi) recipeArrayi = new Recipe(); if(addRecipe(newRecipe) canEditRecipe = true; else /Unreachable line of code canEditRecipe = false; return canEditRecipe; /* * Returns true if inventory was successfully added * param amtCoffee * param amtMilk * param amtSugar * param amtChocolate * return boolean */ public boolean addInventory(int amtCoffee, int amtMilk, int amtSugar, int amtChocolate) boolean canAddInventory = true; if(amtCoffee 0 | amtMilk 0 | amtChocolate 0) canAddInventory = false; else inventory.setCoffee(inventory.getCoffee() + amtCoffee); inventory.setMilk(inventory.getMilk() + amtMilk); inventory.setSugar(inventory.getSugar() + amtSugar); inventory.setChocolate(inventory.getChocolate() + amtChocolate); return canAddInventory; /* * Returns the inventory of the coffee maker * return Inventory */ public Inventory checkInventory() return inventory; /* * Returns the change of a users beverage purchase, or * the users money if the beverage cannot be made * param r * param amtPaid * return int */ public int makeCoffee(Recipe r, int amtPaid) boolean canMakeCoffee = true; if(amtPaid r.getPrice() canMakeCoffee = false; if(!inventory.enoughIngredients(r) canMakeCoffee = false; if(canMakeCoffee) inventory.setCoffee(inventory.getCoffee() + r.getAmtCoffee(); inventory.setMilk(inventory.getMilk() - r.getAmtMilk(); inventory.setSugar(inventory.getSugar() - r.getAmtSugar(); inventory.setChocolate(inventory.getChocolate() - r.getAmtChocolate(); return amtPaid - r.getPrice(); else return amtPaid; /* * Returns an array of all the recipes * return Recipe */ public Recipe getRecipes() return recipeArray; /* * Returns the Recipe associated with the given name * param name * return Recipe */public Recipe getRecipeForName(String name) Recipe r = null;for(int i = 0; i Software Updates Find and Install。得到如下图所示的wizard。（2） 选择Search for new features to install，按Next按钮。（3） 按New Remote Site.添加一个remote site，见下图。（4） 在Name输入框中输入Fit Plug-in（名字可以任取），在URL输入框中输入/update/，按OK按钮。（5） 按Finish按钮。（6） 后面的操作步骤按照常规的eclipse“Installing Plugin with the update manager”的操作步骤进行操作即可完成Fit的