高三二轮复习导学案.doc

高三二轮复习导学案 专题复习：阅读理解（词义猜测题）学习目标：了解高考阅读理解的考查目标。了解阅读理解的题型分类。学习关于词义猜测题的解题技巧。自主学习合作探究：直击高考Task 1:了解高考题型分类和考点分布情况。阅读理解题型大致可分为_,_,_,_四类。Task 2. 了解词义理解题的常见题干形式：1）The underlined word（phrase）in the passage means /refers to_ 2）The word it（them）in the first paragraph refers to _ 3）The underlined sentence in the passage means _4）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the passage？Task 3 学习并归纳词义猜测题的解题技巧。1. Definition 定义法： 一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。(1) It will be very hard but very brittle that is , it will break easily. _(2) The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. _(3) .Do you know what a territory is ? A territory is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims（声称）as its own. _解题技巧: (1) 如果生词有一个句子（定语从句或是同位语或是同位语从句）或段落来定义,或使用破折号，冒号，分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容加以解释和定义，那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。 (2) 定义常用的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify 等。2. Contrast 对比法： 利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。(1) Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented. _(2) She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.A. on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly (3) Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious. _解题技巧: 在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast, yet, while, whereas, on the contrary 等。表示对比关系的句子结构：while 引导的并列句。3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。(1) Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task .The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.(2) Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious. _解题技巧: 比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。表示比较关系的词和短语主要有: and, or, similarly, like, just as, also, as well as 等。4. Cause and Effect 因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。 (1) One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing. _(2) That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. _解题技巧: 要注意表示因果关系的词和短语主要有：because, since, for, as, so, in order to, so as to, as a result, thus,sothat ,therefore等。5. Example 例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。(1) Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions. _(2) The course gives you chances to know great power polities between nation states. It will provide more space to study particular issues such as relationship among countries in the European Union, third world debt, local and international disagreement, and the work of such international bodies as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and the World Bank. _解题技巧：要注意such as, for example,for instance, e.g.等词后面的解释6. Word Formation 构词法：根据构词法知识猜词(1) 派生法（Derivation）定义：由词缀和词根相结合构成单词的方法。词缀包括前缀和后缀 。前缀改变词义；后缀通常改变词性，但词义基本上和原来的词根意义一致super- (超) mini- (极小的, 微小的) micro-（极微小的）re- （再，反复） mis-（误，恶） im-（不）un-（不，非） in-（不，非） non-（不，非）over-(过度, 在之上) -able（能的 ） -less（不，无） -wards (向)猜词练习：incurable_ unexpected _speechless_ overestimate_(2) 合成法（compounding）定义：由两个或两个以上词组成的词组成一个新词的方法叫合成法。猜词练习：sleepwalker_ painkiller_pickpocket_ colorblind_(3) 转化法（conversion） 定义：是把一个词从原来的词类转化成为另一种词类，使其具有新的意义和作用。猜词练习：The other teams, disappointed, were on the bus heading home. ( )7. Context 上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。 (1) He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understand anything. Even then all I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident.A. see clearly B. understand C. expect(2）Tom saw an owl in a tree last night but it flew away when he got nearAa bird Ban animal C. a star(3) The reason why a country like Britain does not buy snow-ploughs (扫雪机) is that they are used for a few days in any one year, and the money could be more useful in other things such as hospital, education, helping the old and so on. Q:The word “ they” refers to_. A. snowfalls B. British people C. snow-ploughs D. countries like Britain解题技巧: 文章中的代词it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物其中it和that还可以指一件事。8. Common sense 普通常识：根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。When a doctor performs an operation on a patient，he usually gives an anesthetic to make him unconscious，because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him. _解题技巧: 在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。 探究活动 (1)Can you guess the correct meanings of the following words?1. There are some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys. A glacier is a river of ice. A. 雪山 B. 树枝 C. 冰河 D. 冰2. He is a resolute man. Once he made up his mind to do something, he wont give it up halfway. A. weak B. firm C. kind D. clever 3. Mr. Brown is now working at Princeton University far away from home. For this reason he has to rent a room near the office where he works. A. 租用 B. 借出 C. 购买 D. 参观 4. The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer. A. work B. study C. name D. interest5. The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbor all call her an eccentric lady. A. 爱猫的 B. 古怪的 C. 闲不住 D. 动物保护主义者 6. In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth. A. 便士 B. 温饱 C. 非常贫困 D. 虚弱 7. Mrs. Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type. A. 活泼的 B. 好动的 C. 多嘴多舌的 D. 可爱的8. Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city. A. town B. capital C. countryside D. house9. This boy is not stupid, on the contrary, no one could be more intelligent. A. 勤奋的 B. 愚蠢的 C. 聪明的 D. 情报10. Children are always boasting. They say things like “My Dads car is bigger than your Dads,” “My Mom is smarter than yours.” and “My family has more money than yours.”The word “boasting” means _.A. 骄傲 B. 吹牛 C. 顽皮 D. 幼稚探究活动 ()Passage 1 Tens of thousands of baby penguins face starvation after two giant icebergs broke off the Antarctic ice sheet and blocked their parents road to the feeding areas. Adeline and emperor penguins nesting on the Ross island rookeries are now forced to walk long distances over the icebergs to obtain food for their chicks, born during the November-December breeding season.What does the underlined word “obtain” probably mean?A. eat B. get C. sell D. buyPassage 2 A mans position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesmen. If they are honored, he is also honored. If they are disgraced, he too is disgraced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family, his lineage(宗系), and his tribe.The word “disgrace” means _ in this text.A. honor B. endanger C. proud D. shame Passage 3 The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was banished. A few members of the Senate(参议院) opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever. The underlined word “banished” mean_. A. killed by stoning B. sent away C. imprisoned D. punished by whipping Passage 4 My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields. I would walk behind an ox, guiding him with a broomstick. For $ 1 a day, I worked eight hours straight, with no food breaks. It was very tedious work, but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons. Because the plantation owners were always watching us, I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could. What does the underlined word “tedious” probably mean?A. interesting B. tiresome C. relaxing D. challengingPassage 5 Although he often had the chance, Mr. Brown was never able to steal money from a customer. This would endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future. The word “jeopardize” means _ in this text.A. protect B. endanger C. continue D. stopPassage 6 After a four-year relationship with a major fortune 100 company beginning as a sales trainee and ending as a regional sales manager, I left the company at the height of my career. Many people were astounded that I would leave after earning a six-figure income. And they asked why I would risk everything for a dream. The underlined word “astounded” means _.A. very sad B. very sorry C. very pleased D. greatly surprised 高考链接 Passage 1(2013 湖北) A child of the Depression (大萧条), Sheila was raised in Brooklyn by parents who considered education a luxury for girls. Starting with her college education, she has fought for everything shes ever accomplished. Perri, on the other hand, grew up privileged in the New Jersey suburbs of the 1960s and 1970s. For Sheila, wasting time or money is a crime, and luxury is unthinkable while Perri enjoys the occasional small luxury, but has not been successful at trying to persuade her mother into enjoying even the tiniest thing she likes.The word “luxury” in Paragraph 3 means _.A. something rare but not pleasantB. something that cannot be imaginedC. something expensive but not necessaryD. something that can only be enjoyed by boysPassage 2(2013 四川)“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain speakto each other to change our feelings and reduce fear，”Dr Garfinkel said.Which of the following is closest in meaning to“mechanism” in Paragraph 6?AOrder. BSystem.CMachine. DTreatment.Passage 3My son could not follow the teachers directions, he told me,and thus,Scola was disrupting the class. Didnt he know my son did not speak English yet?What does the underlined word “disrupting” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A Breaking B Following C Attending D DisturbingPassage 4(2014 北京)Some years ago,the focus for brand name shopping was on a few people with sales assistants disproving attitude and dont-touch-what-you-cant-afford displays. Now the rise of electronic commerce (e-commerce) has opened up famous brands to a wider audience. But while e-shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks-and-mortar stores (实体店) can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave. Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a destination. And scent is just one way to achieve this.The underlined word “destination” in Paragraph 5 means _ .A. a platform that exhibts goodsB. a spot where travelers like to stayC.a place where customers love to goD. a target that a store expects to meetPassage 5(2014 福建)By now paramedics（救援人员）had arrived, and were attending the injured woman. As we walked up to her, my son became intimidated by all the blood and medical equipment. He said he was just too scared to go up to her. The underlined word “intimidated” in the fourth paragraph probably means “_”.A. astonished B. struck C. frightened D. excitedPassage 6(2014 广东) “Heres the idea,” Anne says. “Anything you think there should be more of, do it randomly.” Her fantasies include painting the classrooms of shabby schools, leaving hot meals on kitchen tables in the poor part of town, and giving money secretly to a proud old lady. Anne says, “Kindness can build on itself as much as violence can.”Which of the following statements is closest in the meaning to the underlined sentence above?A. Kindness and violence can change the world.B. Kindness and violence can affect ones behavior.C. Kindness and violence can reproduce themselves.D. Kindness and violence can shape ones character.Passage 7(2014 湖南)The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency (效率)，which instead focus on architectural and technological developments.The underlined word “which” in Paragraph 2 refers to”_.”A. the waysB. their homesC.developments D. existing effortsPassage 8(2014 江西)With the communication gadets, such as mobile phones and ipads, people often do not take the effect to visit one another personally.A personal visit carries with the additional feature of having to be in the persons presence for as long as the visit lasts. We cannot unnecessarily excuse our selves or turn the other person off.The underlined word “gadgets” is closest in meaning to _. A. tools B. messages C. barriers D. skillsPassage 9(2014 辽宁) Q: If I remember my friends birthday a day late, should I apologize or just wish her a happy birthday like nothing happened?A: This is the reason why the word belated was invented. “Happy belated birthday!” is short for: “Well. I know I forgot, but then I remembered. Forgive me and happy birthday.”The underlined word “belated” in Situation IV probably means _.A. prcdictcd B. returnedC. cancelledD. delayedPassage 10(2014 全国课标)That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith an