英语基础小知识.doc

英语基础小知识 限定词的用法限定词是在名词词组中对名词中心词起特指、类指以及表示确定数量和非确定数量等限定作用的词类。名词词组除有词汇意义外，还有其所指意义，是特指（即指特写的对象，还是类指（即泛指一类人或物；是有确定的数量，还是没有确定的数量。能在名词词组中表示这种所指意义的词类就是限定词。英语的限定词包括：1. 定冠词，不定冠词，零冠词2. 形容词性物主代词（my, your, his, her, our, your, their, ones, its） 3. 名词所有格(Johns, my friends) 4. 指示代词(this, that, these, those, such) 5关系代词（whose, which） 6. 疑问代词（what, which, whose） 7. 不定代词（no, some, any, each, every, enough, either, neither, all, both, half, several, many, much, (a) few, (a) little, other, another）8. 基数词和序数词9. 倍数词和分数词10. 量词（a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great of, a good deal of, a large of, asmall amount of, a quantity of, a great of, a good number of） 限定词与名词词组中心词之间有着某种固定的搭配关系；如果名词之前带有两个或两个以上的限定词，则限定词与限定词之间也有某种固定的搭配关系。本讲主要解决这两种搭配关系问题。 限定词的选择决定于随后的名词的类别，是单数名词、复数名词，还是不可数名词。 能与三类名词搭配的限定词有些限定词如the, some, any, no, other, whose以及my, your等物主代词和名词所有格（Johns, my friends等能与三类名词搭配。例如： the book, my book, my friends book, Johns book, any book, some book, no book, the other book, whose book, the books, some money, no money, the other money, whose money 只能与单数名词搭配的限定词有些限定词如a(n), one, another, each, every, either, neither, many a, such a 等只能与单数名词搭配。例如： each worker, either book, an apple, another book, such a book, every student, neither sentence, one copy, many a book只能与复数名词搭配的限定词有些限定词如both, two, three, another two / three, many, (a) few, several, these, those, a (great) number of等只能与复数名词搭配。例如： both workers, several students, a number of essays, many students, (a) few words, these / those books, two / three visitors, another two / three students 只能与不可数名词搭配的限定词有些限定词如a (little) bit of, a great amount of, a great deal of, (a) little, much等只能与不可数名词搭配。例如： a bit of water, a great amount of labour, a great deal of work, (a) little space, much noisewould和used to的区别would与used to都可用来表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作，常常可以换用。如： When we were boys we used to/would go swimming every summer. 小时候，每到夏天我们都要去游泳。 He used to/would spend every penny he earned on books 过去，他通常把挣来的钱全花在买书上。 would与used to都不能用来表示动作发生的具体频度或具体的一段时间。例如，不能说： I would/used to go to France six times He used to live in Africa for twenty years 上两句应改成： I went to France six times 我去过法国6次。 He lived in Africa for twenty years. 他在非洲住过20年。 would与used to的区别主要有以下几点：used to可指过去的状态或情况，would则不能。如： School children used to know the story of how Abraham Lincoln walked five miles to return a penny hed overcharged a customer（不能用would） 过去，学校的孩子们都知道亚伯拉罕林肯怎样步行5英里退还多收顾客1便士的故事。 Yet，he cannot but remember China as it used to be然而，他不会不记得旧日的中国（不能用would）。 would表示反复发生的动作。如果某一动作没有反复性，就不能用 would，只能用 used to。例如： And from that day on， as soon as the table was cleared and the dishes were gone. Mother would disappear into her sewing room to practice. 从那天起，只要碗盘撤掉、饭桌一清理干净，妈妈就马上躲进做针线活的房间练习起来。（具有反复性） I used to live in Beijing 我过去住在北京。（没有反复性） used to表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态现在已经结束，would则表示有可能再发生。如： People used to believe that the earth was flat 过去，人们总以为地球是扁平的。（现在已不再这样认为） He would go to the park as soon as he was free 过去，他一有空就去公园。（现在有可能再去） 注意：used to的否定式和疑问句: I used not to like opera I usednt to like opera I didnt use to like opera Used you to like opera？ Did you use to like opera？ Didnt you use to like opera？ 你过去不喜欢歌剧吗？ You used to like opera, didnt you？ 你过去喜欢歌剧，是吗？ There used to be a church here，usednt there？ 过去这里有座教堂，是不是？北京四中高二英语语法练习1. The biggest whale is _ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters long the height of _ 9-story building.A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a2. Lets go to _ cinema thatll take your mind off the problem for _ while.A. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a; a3. It is often said that _ teachers have _ very easy life.A. /; / B. /; a C. the; / D. the; a4. I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over _ keyboard. You shouldnt put drinks near _ computer.A. the; / B. the; a C. a; / D. a; a5. I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldnt face _ day like that.A. other B. another C. the other D. others6. He has made a lot of films, but _ good ones.A. any B. some C. few D. many7. John promised his doctor he _ not smoke, and he has never smoked ever since.A. might B. should C. could D. would8. If I were to do it, I _ it in a different way.A. shall do B. will do C. would do D. have done9. Without electronic computers, much of todays advanced technology _.A. will not have been achievedB. have not been achieved C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved10. The students soon _ school regulations.A. used to B. be used to C. got use to D. got used to11. In those days, whenever I had difficulties, I _ Mr. Wang for help.A. used to go to B. was used to go toC. would go to D. used to going to12. Mike _ up at five, but now he gets up at six.A. used to getting B. would getC. was used to get D. used to get13. Wont you tell me more about your problem? I _ talk about it any more.A. would rather not toB. wouldnt ratherC. would rather not D. wouldnt r