中考常考要点.doc

中考英语常考知识点之 词语辨析题1a few/ few/ a little/ little. a few和few修饰可数名词复数，a little和little修饰不可数名词；a few和a little表示肯定意义，few和little表示否定意义，可受only修饰。如下图所示： a few 【肯定】 a little 【肯定意义】 +Ns +【U】n(不可数名词) few 【否定】 little 【否定意义】如： Few people will agree to the plan because its too dangerous.（很少人同意那个计划，因为太危险了。）This text is easy to understand though there are a few new words in it.（虽然有很多新生词，这个课文很好理解。） There is little water left in glass. Will you please give me some？（杯子里几乎没有水了。你能给我一些吗？） Dont worry, we have a little time left.(不要着急，我们还有时间。)2across/through/ over. across “横过、穿过”，指从的一边到另一边。含义与on有关。如： I swam across the river. 我游过这条河（指从此岸到彼岸） Lets help push the cart across the bridge.我们帮着把车子推过桥吧。. through “穿过、通过”指穿过两边。是从空间较狭窄的一头穿到另一头。含义与in有关，是从【内部穿过】，如： We walked through the forest. 我们穿过森林。 The river flows through the city from west to east. 这条河从西到东流过城市。. over“横过、跨越”指横过道路、河流等“细长物”时，与across通用。Over 虽可指从表面的接触及跳（飞）越，但指渡过则不能用。从房间、原野、海洋等“平面延伸”的一端横越到另一端时也不能使用。而常用across. She went across / over the bridge. He jumped across / over the stream他跳过了小溪。 She swam across the straight of Dover. 她游过了多佛尔海峡。 They drove across the desert. 他们驶过沙漠。另外，over作介词还有“翻过”的意思，如：climb over the mountain 翻过那座山。3 feel like / would like(想要).【后面接的结构不同】feel like (doing) sth.would like (to do) sth.如： I feel like (having) a drink. = I would like (to have) a drink. 我想喝一杯。 Do you feel like talking a walk. = Would you like to take a walk? 你要不要散步？.feel like 还表示：“觉得好像，摸起来像”。如： It feels like silk. 它摸起来像绸缎。4 alone/ lonely. alone 【adj. “单独的”】只能作表语。如： Im alone but I dont fell lonely.我单身一人但我从不觉得孤独。 alone 还可作【副词】。相当于【by oneself】，“单独地”，“独自”Eg:Ill go there alone.我将独自去那儿。. lonely adj. 【“孤独的”，“寂寞的”】，有时还可表示【“荒凉的”“无人烟的”】意思,与deserted意思相同。含有较浓的情感色彩。既可作定语也可作表语。如： Were together most of the time, so we never feel lonely. a lonely / deserted island5 also/ as well/ too/ either “也”. Also：位置通常靠近动词，用于句中；用于【肯定句】中。如： He also plays football. 他也踢足球。 I was also there.我也在那儿。. too 多用于口语，放于【句末】，前边须用逗号隔开，也可用于句中，且前后均须用逗号隔开，；用于【肯定句】中。如： He is a worker, too. The two cows, too, are white.那两头奶牛也全都是白的。. as well 是副词短语，多用于口语，只用于【句末】。如： She not only taught us English but taught us maths as well.她不但教过我们英语，还教过我们数学。 He is a teacher and a writer as well.他是位教师，也是一位作家。. either 用于【否定句】中，常置于【句末】。【在肯定句变否定句时，其中的also, too, as well都要改为either.】 Yesterday I didnt watch TV and I didnt see the film, either.昨天我没有看电视，也没有看电影。 6 another/ the other/ other/ others/ the others. another 指不定数目中的【“另一个、又一个”】 （三个以上）用来代替或【修饰可数名词】。如：I dont think the coat is good enough. Can you show me another?. other 泛指“另外的”修饰复数名词。如：We study Chinese, maths, English and other subjects. others 泛指“另外的人或物”， 但不指其余的人或物的全部。如：Some like swimming, others like boating. the other 指【两个】中的“另一个”，通常用于“one., the other.”中，表示一个。，另一个。如：He has two sons, one is in Shanghai, the other is in Beijing. the others 特指某一范围内的“其余全部的人或物”，常用于【some., the others.】表示一些。，另一些。如：There are thirty books on the bookshelf. Five are mine, the others are my fathers7 arrive/ reach/ get to（到达）【 arrive】 是不及物动词，需接介词in或at arrive in +【大地点】如：国家，城市等 arrive at +【小地点】如：bus stop, train station, school, factory, home等【reach】+地点 如： reach Beijing(到达北京)【get to】+地点如：get to school(到达学校)【注意：当后面为 here, there, home时，to 省略】如： get home/ get there/ get here8at the top of/ on the top of. at the top of “在顶点上、在上”。At 表示点，在句子中用作状语，反义短语常为 【at the bottom of 】“在底部”； on (the) top of 中的on 表示部位上的接触，意思是“在之上、在上面”。反义短语常为【at the foot of 】“在脚底下”。如： He shouted at the top of his voice. 他高声地叫喊。 He is at the top of the class.他居全班之首位。 Will you please put this box on (the) top of the books.请你这个盒子放在那些书的上面好吗？【on the edge of】在。边缘【in the middle of 】在。的中间【in the front of 】在。的前面(内部)【in front of 】在。的前面（外部）9hear/ hear of/ hear from. hear “听见”强调听的【结果】。如： I often hear Lucy sing in the next room. hear of “听说”强调间接听到有关某人的情况或得到消息。=【hear about】如：Have you heard of her lately? 你最近听到她什么情况吗？. hear from “接到的来信（电话等）”如： Hope to hear from you soon. 希望你早点来信。10hear/ listen. hear “听到”强调听的【结果】。不一定是有意识的。如： Can you hear me? 你能听见我说话吗？【强调听的一个结果，是否听见】. listen “听”强调倾听的【动作】，是不及物动词，接宾语时常与介词to连用， listen to。如： Listen! What do you hear what she is saying? 听！你听见她在说些什么？ We listened carfully but we heard nothing. 我们仔细地听了，但什么也没听到。11cost/ spend/take/ pay(花费时间、金钱)【Cost】：主语为物，如 The coat costs me five yuan.【spend】:主语为人, 常用搭配为：1）Sb spend sth on sth. (某人花费。在。上。) 2) Sb spend sth in doing sth.（某人花费。在做某事。）【take】：主语一般为物，常用搭配为：It