2014届毕业论文注释与参考文献著录办法.docVIP

瓯江学院文法分院英语系英语论文要求用英语撰写，字数为3500-5000个单词。毕业设计（论文）资料应包括：开题报告；毕业设计（论文）文本，包括：封面、题目、内容摘要（中、英文）、关键词（中、英文）、论文目录、论文正文、参考文献（2个英文+6个中文以上）等；毕业设计（论文）中期检查表；成绩评定表及其他附件；答辩意见（评语）及其他附件。英语本科毕业论文写作的文内注释与参考文献著录办法本“办法”在2013届“瓯江学院人文与外国语分院英语本科毕业论文写作的文内注释与参考文献著录办法” 基础上修订而成，供瓯江学院文法分院英语系2014届（2010级）英语本科毕业生遵照执行。本次修订的目的仍然在于，在保证本科毕业论文基本格式规范化的同时，保证其统一性和与人文学科的契合性，使其与国际接轨，并力求简洁明了，便于操作。本次修订勘正了以往方案中的一些不同著录方式，照顾到了汉语输入法的功能特点，协调了本格式与毕业论文写作过程中的其它几项阶段性任务之间的关系。在修订的过程中主要参考了芝加哥引文格式指南（Chicago Manual of Style Citation Guide）、国内外权威外语期刊的格式以及兄弟院校外语专业毕业论文的格式等。一、论文构成及要求英语专业本科毕业论文包括三大部分：正文前部分、正文部分和正文后部分。正文前部分包括：封面（全校统一）、扉页（英文）、致谢、中英文摘要（英文摘要在前、中文在后，均含关键词）、目录（或含图表目录）。正文部分包括：引言、主体、结论。正文后部分包括：参考文献和附录（必要时）。二、注释及参考文献格式参考资料的注释一律采用脚注(foot note)形式，具体做法：打开word “插入” - “引用” “脚注与尾注”，“编号格式”选择数字（1，2，3）；“编号方式”选择“每页重新编号”，在换行时，按照word软件默认的格式操作。文后参考文献根据作者姓氏在字母表中的顺序排列，英文文献在前，中文文献在后。如未提供作者，根据标题中的第一个单词在字母表中的顺序来排序。英文字体采用Times New Roman，汉语采用宋体。以下所举为脚注（footnote）和参考文献（Bibliography）的实例：N表示脚注（note），B表示参考文献条目（bibliographic entry）。脚注和参考文献前的编号只为说明如何标注之用。在实际情况下，N与B在编号上未必一致。书籍单一作者N: 1. Wendy Doniger, Splitting the Difference (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999), 65.B: 1 Doniger, Wendy. Splitting the Difference. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999. N: 2. 胡壮麟，语篇的衔接与连贯(上海：上海外语教育出版社，1994)，5 6.B: 2 胡壮麟，语篇的衔接与连贯。上海： 上海外语教育出版社，1994.两位作者N: 1. Guy Cowlishaw and Robin Dunbar, Private Conservation Biology (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000), 104 7.B: 7 Cowlishaw, Guy, and Robin Dunbar. Private Conservation Biology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000.N: 2. 朱永生、严世清，系统功能语言学多维思考（上海：上海外语教育出版社，2001），21 24.B: 10 朱永生、严世清,系统功能语言学多维思考。上海：上海外语教育出版社，2001.三位或三位以上作者N: 3. E. O. Lauman et al, The Social Organization of Sexuality: Sexual Practices in the United States (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994), 262.B: 8 Laumann, E O.，John H. Gagnon, Robert T. Michael, and Stuart Michaels. The Social Organization of Sexuality: Sexual Practices in the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994. Or: 8 Laumann, E O. et al. The Social Organization of Sexuality: Sexual Practices in the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994.N: 5. 潘文国 等，汉语的构词法研究(上海:华东师范大学出版社，2004)，7 13.B: 12 潘文国、叶步青、韩 洋，汉语构词法研究。上海：华东师范大学出版社，2004.不含作者的编辑者、译者、或编纂者N: 2. Richmond Lattimore, trans., The Iliad of Homer (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951), 91 92.B: 6 Lattimore, Richmond, trans. The Iliad of Homer. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1953.N: 3. 牛保义 主编，认知语言学理论与实践（开封：河南大学出版社，2007），97 17.B: 8 牛保义 主编，认知语言学理论与实践。开封：河南大学出版社，2007.包含作者的编辑者、译者、或编纂者N: 3. Yves Bonnefoy, New and Selected Poems, eds. John Naughton and Anthony Rudolf (Chicago：University of Chicago Press, 1995), 22.B: 13 Bonnefoy, Yves. New and Selected Poems. Edited by John Naughton and Anthony Rudolf. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995. N: 1. W. 洪堡特，洪堡特语言哲学文集，姚小平 编辑、译注 （长沙：湖南教育出版社，2001），261 262.B: 20 洪堡特， W. 洪堡特语言哲学文集，姚小平 编辑、译注。长沙：湖南教育出版社，2001.论文集中析出文献N: 2. Andrew Wiese, “The House I Live In: Race, Class, and African American Suburban Dreams in the Postwar United States,” in The New Suburban History, eds. Kevin M. Kruse and Thomas J. Sugrue (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006), 101 2.B: 7 Wiese, Andrew. “The House I Live In: Race, Class, and African American Suburban Dreams in the Postwar United States,” in The New Suburban History, edited by Kevin M. Kruse and Thomas J. Sugrue, 99 119. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006.N: 3. 王 寅, “汉语 动名构造与英语 VN构造的对比,” 载认知语言学理论与实践，牛保义 主编 (开封:河南大学出版社, 2007), 117 135.B: 9 王 寅， “汉语 动名构造与英语 VN构造的对比,” 载认知语言学理论与实践，牛保义 主编, 117 135. 开封:河南大学出版社, 2007.序言、前言、引言等类似部分N: 4. James Rieger, introduction to Frankenstein, by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982), xx xxi.B: 15 Reiger, James. Introduction to Frankenstein, by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelly, xi xxxvii. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982.N: 1. 束定芳，认知语言学导读，克罗夫特、克鲁斯 著（北京:北京大学出版社，2006），1 28.B: 13 束定芳，认知语言学导读，克罗夫特，克鲁斯 著，1 28. 北京：北京大学出版社，2006.参考书N: 1 Encyclopedia Britannica, 15th ed., s.v. “logic.”B: 1 Encyclopedia Britannica, 15th ed.电子图书如果可以获得一本书的多种版本，应该引用查阅的版本，但是，我们也可以列出其它版本。（见下例B）访问日期置于括号内。（见下例N）N: 2. Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner, eds., The Founders Constitution (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987), /founders/ (accessed June 27, 2006).B: 4 Kurland, Philip B. and Ralph Lerner, eds. The Founders Constitution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987. /founders/ (accessed June 27, 2006). Also available in print form and as a CD-ROM.期刊文章印刷期刊中的文章N: 2. John Maynard Smith, “The Origin of Altruism,” Nature 393 (1998), 639.B: 9 Smith, John Maynard. “The Origin of Altruism,” Nature 393 (1998), 639 40.N: 7. 高 航, “名词谓语句的认知解释:主观化与心理扫描,” 外语研究 4 (2008)，31 36.B: 10 高 航，“名词谓语句的认知解释:主观化与心理扫描，” 外语研究4 (2008)，31 36.在线期刊中的论文访问日期置于条目最后。N: 3. Gueorgi Kossinets and Duncan J. Watts, “Origins of Homophily in an Evolving Social Network,” American Journal of Sociology 115 (2009): 411, accessed February 28, 2010.B: 35 Kossinets, Gueorgi, and Duncan J. Watts. “Origins of Homophily in an Evolving Social Network.” American Journal of Sociology 115 (2009): 40550. Accessed February 28, 2010.通俗杂志文章N: 2. Steve Martin, “Sports-Interview Shocker,” New Yorker, May 6, 2002, 84.B: 30 Martin, Steve. “Sports-Interview Shocker,” New Yorker, May 6, 2002.报纸文章报纸文章可以在行文中引用(“As William Niederkorn noted in a New York Times article on June 20, 2002, ”)，不用脚注或文中注，在参考文献中常略去。下例表示比较正式的引用。N: 1. William S. Niederkorn, “A Scholar Recants on His Shakespeare Discovery,” New York Times, June 20, 2002, Arts section, Midwest edition.B: 12 Niederkorn, William S. “A Scholar Recants on His Shakespeare Discovery,” New York Times, June 20, 2002, Arts section, Midwest edition.N: 1. 邢福义，“国学精魂与现代语学，” 光明日报，2008年/8月/8日/第005版 国学。B: 15 邢福义，“国学精魂与现代语学，” 光明日报，2008年/8月/8日/第005版 国学。书评N: 1. James Gorman, “Endangered Species,” review of The Last American Man, by Elizabeth Gilbert, New York Times Book Review, June 2, 2002, 16.B: 2 Gorman, James. “Endangered Species,” review of The Last American Man, by Elizabeth Gilbert, New York Times Book Review, June 2, 2002.学位论文N: 2. M. Amundin, “Click Repetition Rate Patterns in Communicative Sounds from the Harbour Poroise, Phocoena phocoena” (PhD diss., Stockholm University, 1991), 22 29, 35.B: 24 Amundin, M. “Click Repetition Rate Patterns in Communicative Sounds from the Harbour Poroise, Phocoena phocoen.” PhD diss., Stockholm University, 1991.N: 1. 刘培玉，“现代汉语把字句研究”（复旦大学博士论文，2001），66.B：29 刘培玉，“现代汉语把字句研究。”复旦大学博士论文，2001.会议论文N: 3. Brian Doyle, “Howling Like Dogs: Metaphorical Language in Psalm 59” (paper presented at the annual international meeting for the Society of Biblical Literature, Berlin, Germany, June 19 - 22, 2002).B: 15 Doyle, Brian. “Howling Like Dogs: Metaphorical Language in Psalm 59,” paper presented at the annual international meeting for the Society of Biblical Literature, Berlin, Germany, June 19 -22, 2002.N: 1. 沈家煊，“再谈有界与无界”（第三届全国认知语言学会议论文，重庆，2004年4月23 26）。B: 15 沈家煊，“再谈有界与无界，”第三届全国认知语言学会议论文，重庆，2004年4月23 26。网址网站可以在行文中直接引用（“On its Web site, the Evanston Public Library Board of Trustees states ” ），不用加注，通常在参考文献中省略。下面的例子表示正式的引用情况。N: 1. “Google Privacy Policy,” last modified March 11, 2009, /intl/en/privacypolicy.html. 2. “McDonalds Happy Meal Toy Safety Facts,” McDonalds Corporation, accessed July 19, 2008, /corp/about/factsheets.html.B: 13Google. “Google Privacy Policy.” Last modified March 11, 2009. /intl/en/privacypolicy.html.16 McDonalds Corporation. “McDonalds Happy Meal Toy Safety Facts.” Accessed July 19, 2008. /corp/about/factsheets.html.博客条目或评论博客条目或评论可以在行文中直接引用(“In a comment posted to the Becker-Posner Blog on March 6, 2006, Peter Pearson noted ”)，不需注释，在参考文献目录中常省略。下面的例子表示的是非常正式的引用情况。N: 1. Jack, February 25, 2010 (7:03 p.m.), comment on Richard Posner, “Double Exports in Five Years?,” The Becker-Posner Blog, February 21, 2010, /beckerposner/2010/02/double-exports-in-five-years-posner.html.E-mail信息E-mail信息可以在行文中直接引用(“In an e-mail message to the author on October 31, 2005, John Doe revealed ”)，不必注释，它们也很少列在参考文献中。下面的例子表示正式的引用。N: 2. John Doe, e-mail message to author, October 31, 2005.商业数据库条目对于在商业数据库检索到的条目，在出版信息后面加上数据库名称和访问号码(accession number)。下面例子中的博士论文检索自ProQuest硕博论文数据库。N: 2. Choi, Mihwa. “Contesting Imaginaires in Death Rituals during the Northern Song Dynasty.” PhD diss., University of Chicago, 2008. ProQuest (AAT 3300426).三、引用不论是直接引用还是间接引用，都需以脚注形式标明信息来源。间接引用原文：Einstein, and many other scientists, found it more comfortable to believe that the equations of quantum mechanics simply represent some sort of mathematical trick, which just happens to give a reasonable working guide to the behavior of atomic and subatomic particles but that conceals some deeper truth that corresponds more closely to our everyday sense of reality. For what quantum mechanics says is that nothing is real and that we cannot say anything about what things are doing when we are not looking at them.间接引用形式：Even Einstein recoiled from the implication of quantum mechanics that reality is an illusion.1直接引用融入文本的引用对散文的直接引用，如不超过40个单词，应该融入文本，所引内容置于双引号内。如：Curtiuss term “the Latin Middle Ages” covers a range of Roman legacies, including “the share of Rome, of the Roman ideas of the state, of the Roman church, and of Roman culture.”4对两行以下完整诗行的直接引用应融入文本。方式如下:In his “Hymn to Intellectual Beauty,” Shelley personifies the immaterial, spiritual world: “The awful shadow of some unseen Power/ Floats though unseen among us.”如果要强调引文，均可以单独引用。单独引用对散文直接引用超过40个单词，或对诗歌的直接引用超过两个完整诗行，应单独引用，左边缩进5个字母的空间，各行左边对齐。如：Raymond Williams explains that the word career has all but lost its original meaning. Career is now so regularly used to describe a persons progress in life, or, by derivation from this, his profession or vocation that it is difficult to remember, in the same context, its original meaning of a racecourse and a gallop - though in some contexts, as in the phrases “careering about,” these survive. Career appeared in English 5超过两行的直接引用的诗行需单独引用，左边缩进5个字母，左边对齐。如：In “Song of Myself,” Walt Whitman uses the diction and rhythm of natural speech. A child said What is the grass? fetching it to me with full hands; How could I answer the child? I do not know what it is any more than he. I guess it must be the flag of my disposition, out of hopeful green stuff woven.引用戏剧中的对话时，把人物名字缩进5个字母，斜体表示。如果名字很长，第一次参考后采用缩略形式。名字后用点号，在点号与人物语言之间空两个字母，以下各行与首行左对齐。舞台说明置于中括号内，用斜体。In a flashback, Miller demonstrates that the Loman family has a memory of better times. Linda enters, as of old, a ribbon in her hair, carrying a basket of washing. Linda. With youthful energy Hello, dear! Willy. Sweetheart! Linda. Howd the Chevvy run? Willy. Chevrolet, Linda, is the greatest car ever built. to the boys Since when do you let your mother carry wash up the stairs?6提供信息的注释可以包含直接引用。所有的引用都融入文本，置于双引号内。如果引用内容超过一自然段，下面的段落不需缩进。每段的开始用双引号，整个引文的开头和结尾用双引号。如：5. On other issues the Supreme Court handed down these decisions in 1989. “Ruling unanimously in a copyright case (community for Creative Non Violence v. Redi, No. 88 - 293), the Court held that freelance artists and writers retain the right to copyright what they create as long as they were not in a conventional employment relationship with the organization that commissioned their work.“The court unanimously refused to narrow the scope of the Federal racketeering law. The decision, H. J. Inc. v.Northwestern Bell, No. 87 1252, left the law, originally aimed at organized crime, as a powerful weapon in private civil lawsuits” (Linda Greenhouse, “The Year the Court Turner Right,” New York Times, July 7 1989, A10).直接引用的引出方式融入文本的引文的之引出方式融入文本的引用可以采用多种引出方式，取决于周边句子的风格和作者所追求的效果。Jean-Jacques Roussseau admits, “I felt before I thought.”8“I felt before I thought,” Rousseau explains.8Gibbon sets the tone for his monumental history with the assertion that “in the second century of the Christian era, the Empire of Rome comprehended the fairest part of the earth, and the most civilized portion of mankind.”9“In the second century of the Christian era, the Empire of Rome comprehended the fairest part of the earth,” in Gibbons estimation, as well as “the most civilized portion of mankind.”9In his history of the Civil war, Bruce Catton describes Colonel Solomon J. Meredith as a “breezy giant of a man.”10According to Catton, Colonel Solomon J. Meredith was “a breezy giant of a man.”10Theodore Roosevelt counseled, “Speak softly and carry a big stick.”11Theodore Roosevelt is the American President who advised leaders to “speak softly and carry a big stick.”11单独引用的引出方式正式的引出语若为一个包含following, thus, 或in this way这样的字眼的完整句子，通常以冒号结束。如：Deborah Tannen characterized womens use of speech as follows: For most women, the language of conversation is primarily a language of rapport: a way of establishing connection and negotiating relationship. Emphasis is placed on displaying similarities and matching experience.12非正式的引出语若为完整句子，应该以句号结束。如：Deborah Tannen distinguishes womens use of speech from mens. For most women, the language of conversation is primarily a language of rapport: 12引出语若不是完整句子，其后的标点符号应能把引出语和引用内容结合为一个句子。James Moffett finds that when people try to talk about abstraction, They resort finally to talking about how people, especially children, learn. It is hard to avoid an analogy between stages of information processing that go on in all of us all the time, and developmental stages of growth. A curriculum sequence based on such analogy