现在完成时可用与过去完成时.ppt

现在完成时 用法结构搭配用语辨析瞬间动词VS 延续性动词固定句型 强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响 2 过去发生的动作一直持续到现在 常搭配一段时间 与for或since连用 Hehasjustleft Hehasbeenherefortwoweeks Wehavelivedheresince1998 现代完成时含义 肯定式sb have hasdone sth sb have hasnotdone sth Have hassb Done sth Theyhavealreadyfinishedthework Theyhaven tfinishedtheworkyet Havetheyfinishedtheworkyet 否定式一般疑问句式 现在完成时 句子结构 与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同 一般动词 在词尾直接加 ed work worked worked 以 e 结尾的动词 只在词尾加 d live lived lived 以 辅音字母 y 结尾的动词 将 y 变为 i 再加 ed study studied studied 重读闭音节结尾 末尾只有一个辅音字母 先双写该辅音字母 再加 ed stop stopped stopped 过去分词 规则动词 AAA型cost cost costcut cut cutAAB型beat beat beatenABA型become became becomerun ran runABB型get got gotmake made madeABC型write wrote writtentake took taken 过去分词 不规则动词 与现在完成时搭配的时间状语 already yet ever never just before once twice recently sofar thesedays inthepast last threeyearsHaveyouevereatenfishandchips I vejustlostmysciencebook Ihaven tlearnedthewordyet Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthepastthreeyears everatanytimeHaveyouevervisitedNewYork nevernotatanytimeYes Ihave No I venevervisitedNewYork already用于肯定句 用于一般疑问句表示惊讶的语气 Wegotthereat6 30butshehadalreadygone Haveyoufinishedalready yet用于否定和一般疑问句Hasitstoppedrainingyet Just刚刚 用于不同句式HehasjustreturnedfromFrance 用 just already yet 填空 DoyouknowwhereJuliais Yes I justsee her 2 WhattimeisDavidleaving He already leave 3 What sinthenewspapertoday Idon tknow I notreadyet 4 WhatdoesTimthinkofyourplan I not tell yet 5 IsAnncomingtothecinemawithus No she thefilm already see havejustseen hasalreadyleft haven treadityet haven ttoldhimyet hasalreadyseen 1 you hear fromGeorgerecently 2 Lin notmeet thosepeopleinthelastfewdays 3 Everythingisgoingwell They nothave anyproblemssofar 4 I mhungry I noteat anythingsincebreakfast 5 It snicetoseeyouagain We notsee eachotherforalongtime 6 He thenoveltwiceinthelastfewdays read Have heard hasn tmet haven thad haven teaten haven tseen hasread 请改变动词形式 并注意副词 havebeento havegoneto havebeenin 1 Thechildcan tfindhismother Hismother thesupermarket 2 We theGreatWalltwice 3 youever Japan 4 MayIspeaktoDora She Canada hasgoneto havebeento Havebeento hasgoneto JakehasgonetoAmerica 去过 WehavebeentotheSummerPalace 去 了WehavebeeninChinaforaboutayear 呆在某地 常加一段时间 RightorWrong Ihaveboughtthiscarfortenyears buy have Ihavehadthiscarfortenyears 瞬间动词VS 延续性动词 Theoldmanhasdiedfor2years Theoldmanhasbeendeadfor2years die bedead since与for UsageExample since 过去时间 名词since1970 hisarrival since 一段时间 agosincetwoyearsago since 句子 过去时 sincehelefthere for 一段时间fortwoyears ShehasbeeninMexicosince1970 Ihavestayedwithhimsincehisarrival HehaslearntGermansincetwoyearsago Thingshavechangedalotsincehelefthere ShehasbeeninMexicofor40years HehaslearntGermanfortwoyears 不改变原意 用 for since 改写句子 1 HerclassmatesbegantolearnEnglishtwoyearsago HerclassmateshavelearnedEnglishfortwoyears 2 Theshiplefttwodaysago Theshiphasbeenawayfortwodays 3 HerparentswenttoliveinBeijingin1981 HerparentshavelivedinBeijingsince1981 4 Iboughtthenewbikelastweek Ihavehadthenewbikesincelastweek 固定句型 Itisthefirst secondtime that 结构中 that从句用现在完成时 ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate Thisisthe that 结构 that从句要用现在完成时 ThisisthebestfilmthatI ve ever seen Thisisthefirsttime that I veheardhimsing 1 Hehasneverdrivenacarbefore It sthefirsttimehe acar 2 Lindahaslostherpassportagain It sthesecondtimethis happen 3 Billisphoninghispenpalagain That sthethirdtimehe himthisevening 4 Thisisalovelymeal It sthefirstgoodmealI have hasdriven hashappened hasphoned havehad 练习 过去完成时可以表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或呈现的状态 也就是说发生在 过去的过去 定义 构成 had 过去分词 过去完成时 过去分词的构成 1 规则动词的变化 regularverbs a 一般情况下在动词后面加ed work worked play played b 以e结尾的动词直接加d use used refuse refused c 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 把y改i再加ed study studied carry carried d 以重读闭音节结尾的 前面有单个元音字母时 双写辅音字母 再加ed stop stopped drop dropped 过去完成时的构成 由助动词had 动词的过去分词 V pp admit admitted beg begged drop prefer plan 过去完成时 表示过去的过去发生的动作 都是过去发生的动作 先发生的用过去完成时 后发生的用一般过去时 常和by或since for引导的表时间的从句或短语连用 但必须要与一个表示过去时的动作相对照 构成方式 肯定句 sb haddone sth 否定句 sb hadnotdone sth 一般疑问句 Had sb donesth 肯定回答 Yes sb had 否定回答 No sb hadn t 6 007 00现在 BythetimeIgotup mysisterhadalreadywashedalltheclothes 1 我到家时她已经睡了 BythetimeIgothome shehadalreadygonetobed 2 到昨天晚上时消息已传遍全球 Byyesterdayeveningthenewshadspreadthroughtheworld 常用的时间状语等标志词 1 by before when bythetime等构成的短语或引导的从句 Eg 1 Bythetimeshecametothebusstop thebushadalreadygone 2 Wehadfinishedthetaskbeforelastmidnight 3 WhenIarrivedatthepostoffice IfoundthatIhadlefttheletterathome 4 AfterIhadfinishedmyhomework Iwenttobed 3 从过去开始 一直持续到过去的另一时间的动作 状态 常用since for Eg ShesaidthatshehadlearnedEnglishforyearssincehecametoourschool注意 瞬间动词不能和一段时间状语 及since for引导的从句和短语连用 2 由said told knew heard thought等引导的宾语从句中 Eg Hetoldmethathehadheardofit Ithoughtmyhomeworkhadbeenfininshed ButIdidn t Thethiefhadrunawaybeforethepolicearrived Wehadlearnt3Chaptersbytheendofyesterday Henryhadstayedinbedforaweekbeforehewenttoschoolyesterday Thethiefhadn trunawaybeforethepolicearrived Hadthethiefrunawaybeforethepolicearrived Whohadrunawaybeforethepolicearrived Wehadn tlearnt3chaptersbytheendofyesterday Hadyoulearnt3chaptersbytheendofyesterday Whathadyoulearntbytheendofyesterday Henryhadn tstayedinbedforaweekbeforehe HadHenrystayedinbedforaweekbeforehewenttoschoolyesterday HowlonghadHenrystayedinbedbeforehewenttoschoolyesterday 现在完成时和过去完成时的区别 ThedifferencesbetweenPresentPerfecttenseandPastPerfecttense 现在完成时 主语 have hasdone过去完成时 主语 haddone 过去的过去过去现在 now past 现在完成时 过去完成时 time time 基本用法 1 过去完成时表示在过去某时或某个动作之前发生的动作或存在的状态 表示经历或经验 我说自从你搬到这儿以来妈妈一直为你的懒惰而生气 2 我到达电影院之前电影早已经开始了 Isaidmotherhadbeenangryaboutyourlazinesssincewemovedhere Thefilmhadbegunbeforewegottothecinema 2 过去完成时表示过去某一时间以前开始一直延续到那个时间并可能延续下去的动作 1 他来我们学校之前已经在那所学校工作了三年 2 当Millie到达电影院的时候 电影已经开始了半个小时了 3 自从他离开南京我们就一直没有见过面 Hehadworkedinthatschoolforthreeyearsbeforehecametoourschool ThefilmhadalreadybeenonforhalfanhourwhenMilliegottothecinema Wehadn tseeneachothersinceheleftNanjing 3 过去完成时表示在某一动作之前已经完成的动作 过去的时间由before after when引导的时间从句表示出来 1 我在你回来之前就已经把晚饭准备好了 2 当我赶到学校时 已经开始上课了 3 在我到家之前他已经走了 Ihadfinishedcookingdinnerbeforeyoucameback TheclasshadbegunwhenIgottoschool Igothomeafterhehadleft 4 在told said knew heard thought等动词引导的宾语从句中 一般用过去完成时 1 她说她从来没有去过巴黎 Shesaid that shehadneverbeentoParis 2 我觉得我以前见过他 IthoughtthatIhadseenhimbefore 3 Tom说他借了这本书两周了 Tomsaidhehadborrowedthebookfor2weeks kept 5 表示意向的动词 如hope wish expect think mean suppose等 用过去完成时表示 原本 未能 1 结果比我们想象的要好 Theresultwasbetterthanwhatwehadexpected 2 我们期望你会来的 但是你没有来 Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome butyoudidn t Morepractice WhenIarrivedthere they leave already Thefilm start whenwegottothecinema I read thebookbeforeIstartedschool Theythoughtthatthey try theirbest Thepoorgirlneversawhergrandpabecausehe passaway beforeshewasborn I notrealize shewasn tChineseuntilshespoke hadleft hadstarted hadread hadtried hadpassedaway hadn trealized 试作比较 昨天我见到王先生了 自从他离开北京我们就一直未曾见过面 IsawMr Wangyesterday WehadnotseeneachothersinceheleftBeijing 自从他离开北京我们就一直未曾见过面 WehavenotseeneachothersinceheleftBeijing 试比较 1 我在这工作已经五年了 2 到2005年8月 我在这工作已经五年了 过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去 但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响 与现在有关 其结构为 助动词have has 过去分词 过去完成时则是一个相对的时态 它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去 更强调 过去的过去 只有和过去的某时或某动作相比较时 才用到它 到目前为止我已经学会了3000个单词 到那时我已经学会了3000个英语单词 Ihavelearned3000Englishwordssofar Ihadlearned3000Englishwordstillthen 过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 1 时间状语不同 过去完成时在时间上强调 过去的过去 而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间Theyhadarrivedatthestationbytenyesterday 说明不到 点就在车站了 Theyarrivedatthestationattenyesterday 说明 点到车站的 2 在没有明确的时间状语做标志时 谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断 先发生的用过去完成时 后发生的用一般过去时 Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforemymothercameback 在妈妈回来前 我已经把作业写完了 当两个或两个以上的动作用and或but连接时 按时间顺序只需用一般过去时代替过去完成时 另外在引导的从句中由于这些连词本身已经表示时间的先后 因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时Heenteredtheroom turnedonthelightandreadaneveningpaper I had calledherbeforeIlefttheoffice 1 Howlong you inthecountrysidebeforeyoucametoourschool A had taughtB have taughtC did teachD are teaching 2 Howlong you thearmybeforeyoucametoourcompany A did joinB have joinedC had beeninD have beenin 3 ThefootballmatchonTV forhalfanhour 2008年湖南对口招生 A hasbegunB hasbeenonC beganD isbegining 4 Amomentago apolicemantoldmethathe mystolenmotorbikeinavillage A hasfoundB hadfoundC wasfindingD willfind 5 WhenJackarrived helearnedMary foralmostanhour A hadgoneB hadsetoffC hadleftD hadbeenaway 分析 答案选D 因为上大学是过去 学了五千个英语单词是在上大学之前 即 过去的过去 所以用过去完成时 6 He morethan5 000Englishwordswhenheenteredtheuniversityattheageof15 A haslearnedB wouldhavelearnedC