2017年高考英语大冲刺备考“最后30天”专题四动词.docx

专题四 动词 例 题试题1 考查动词词义辨析That car accident _all his life. After that he was limited to a wheelchair.A. damaged B. destroyed C. harmed D. ruined【解析】句意：这次交通事故毁了他的一生，在那之后， 他就被限制在了轮椅上。damage损坏（程度较轻）；destroy严重损坏（程度较重， 多指事物的损坏）；harm对有害；ruin毁灭。例 题试题2 动词为中心的短语辨析【答案】DOur son doesnt know what to _ at the university；he cant make up his mind about his future. A. take in Btake up Ctake over Dtake after【解析】take in接受，吸收，理解，欺骗；take up从事，参加，占据，继续； take over接管；take after像。根据句意选B。 基础回归【答案】B常用动词为词源的动词短语1.以break为中心break away from脱离，逃离break down 出故障，崩溃，粉碎，瓦解break in 闯进，打断break into 闯入；强行进入break out 爆发，发生break off 打断，断绝，折断； 突然终止break through 突破；克服break up 破碎；解散，分解；结束2.以bring为中心bring about 导致，引起，促使bring back 带回，使回忆，使恢复bring down 使下降，打垮，击落bring forward 提出；提前bring in 把带进来；引进；挣得(收入)bring on 导致，引起，使发展bring out 使显现；出版bring up 抚养，养育，培养3.以call为中心call at 访问(某地)；停泊在call away 叫走；把(注意力)转移开call for 需要，要求；接(某人)，迎call in 召集，收集；下令收回call off 取消，下令停止call on 要求，恭请；号召；拜访(某人)call out 下令罢工；召唤出动call up 打电话给；召集；使想起4.以carry为中心carry away 冲走，带走；冲昏某人头脑carry back 拿回，运回；使想起carry off 成功地对付；获得(奖品)carry on 坚持，继续，进行carry out 贯彻，执行，实施carry through 坚持到底，进行到底；履行(承诺)5.以come为中心come about 发生come across 偶尔发现；偶然遇到come back 回来；恢复，复原come off (头发、牙齿、纽扣)脱落，离开come on 上演；开始；赶快；发展come out 出来；发芽；出版；结果是；说出come over 访问；突然感到come round/around 苏醒；拜访；再次发生come to an end 终止，结束come to life 苏醒come to light 明朗化，出现，显露出来come to oneself 恢复常态6.以cut为中心cut away 切去，砍掉cut down 砍倒，削减，缩短cut off 切断，中断；阻碍，阻挡cut out 切下，剪下，裁下；删去cut through 开辟(出路等)cut up 切碎，切掉；使悲伤7.以go为中心go about 开始做某事；忙于某事go across 度过，越过go after 追逐，追求，跟随go against 反对，不利于go ahead 前进，进展，继续go along with 陪伴，和一道走go away 离开，走掉go by 经过，过去go for 支持，赞成；适用于，去(取、拿)go off 走开；爆炸 规范训练选择题（25分/25min）1. Its hard to tell real Jingdezhen vases, and its a little more difficult for the untrained shopper to_.A. dismiss B. distinguishC. seekD. shelter【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：很难分辨真正的景德镇花瓶,对于未经训练的购物者来区分它更困难。dismiss解散，解雇；distinguish区分，辨别；seek寻求，寻找；shelter庇护，保护。根据句意应选B项。【答案】B 2. We would appreciate it if customers dont_ to leave their suggestions and expectations for our product. A. hesitate B. pretend C. undertakeD. offer【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果顾客可以毫不犹豫地把建议和对产品的期望留下，我们会感激的。hesitate犹豫，迟疑；pretend假装；undertake承担，承诺；offer提供，故选A项。【答案】A3. He is out of work, feeling as if he has _ nothing.A. established B. accomplished C. abolished D. guaranteed【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他失业了，觉得自己一无所成。established建立；accomplished创建；abolished废除，废止；取消等；完成；达到（目的）；guaranteed保证；担保。故选B项。【答案】B4. The 2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was _ jointly (共同地) to James E. Rothman, Randy W. Schekman and Thomas C. Sdhof for their discoveries of a major transport system in our cells. A. awarded B. rewarded C. distributed D. contributed【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2013年诺贝尔生理学和医药学被授予詹姆斯E罗斯曼，兰迪谢克曼和托马斯聚德霍夫以表彰他们对于细胞内物质运输机制的发现。awarded授予，奖给，判给，判归，判定；rewarded酬谢，奖赏，报答，惩罚；distributed分配；contributed贡献。故选A项。【答案】A5. Can we go camping tomorrow，as planned?Im afraid not. The dark clouds _a heavy rain.A. promise B. instruct C. expect D. forecast【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：明天我们可以像计划的那样去露营吗？恐怕不能，乌云预示着要有一场大雨。promise答应，许诺，预示（主语是物）；instruct指导，指示；expect期待，预料；forecast预测（主语是人），故选A项。【答案】A6. After a days hard work, Mary went to the nearby shop to _ herself to a strawberry ice cream.A. satisfy B. treat C. provide D. offer【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天的努力工作以后，Mary去了附件的商店请自己吃了一个草莓冰激凌。satisfy使满意；treat治疗，对待；provide提供；offer主动提供，固定搭配treat sb to请某人吃；根据句意可知B项符合上下文的语境。【答案】B7. If you _ a high fever and a bad headache, you are advised to consult a doctor.A. perform B. develop C. present D. gather【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你高烧并且头痛厉害，那么建议你应该去咨询医生。perform表演，表现；develop发展，养成，患病，开发（软件）；冲洗（胶片）；present提出，颁发，授予；gather收集，聚集。根据题意可知选B项。【答案】B8. Are you still mad at her? Not really，but I cant that her remarks hurt me.A. deny B. refuse C. reject D. decline【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：你还和她生气吗？不完全是，但是我不能否认她的话伤害了我。deny否认；refuse拒绝；reject拒绝；decline谢绝，故根据题意可知选A项。【答案】A9. The Sanlu Milk Powder event is a clear indication that food safety is a big problem; nobody can _ all foods are secure to us, but we are sure that the situation is turning for the betterA. acknowledge B. guarantee C. identity D. clarify【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：三鹿奶粉事件是一个明确的迹象，表明食品安全是一个大问题；没有人能保证所有食品都是安全的，但可以肯定的是，情况已有所好转。acknowledge 承认；guarantee 保证；identity 身份、特性; clarify 澄清。根据句意最佳选B项。【答案】B10. Much as he _ he has a good command of English, he sometimes feels it hard to find an appropriate version for some Chinese idioms. A. announces B. declares C. claims D. confirms【解析】考查动词词义辨析。announce通知；declare宣布；claim 声明； confirm证实。句意：虽然他承认 自己掌握了英语，但有时他感到找到汉语的合适的英语翻译很难。根据句意选D项。【答案】D11. Our bodies are _ by working out. Similarly, our minds are developed by learning.A. burdened B. resembledC. strengthened D. worsened【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：我们的身体通过锻炼加强，同样地，我们的大脑通过学习得到发展。burden负担；resemble 相似；strengthen加强；worsen变坏，根据题意可知选C项。【答案】C12. As a famous public figure, you have a duty to _ yourself responsibly, especially in public places.A. carry B. conduct C. guide D. operate【解析】考查动词辨析。carry携带，背，运送；conduct 指导，实施，指挥；guide带领，指引；operate操作，手术，经营，conduct oneself举止，做人。句意：作为著名的公众人物，你要为自己的举止负责任，特别是在公众场合。故选B项。【答案】B13. Whoever is new in the community will soon to the new environment, as everybody here is friendly and helpful.A. apply B. appeal C. attach D. adapt【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：无论是谁，新来到这个社区，都会很快适应这里新的环境，因为这里的每一个人都很友好和愿意帮助人。apply应用；appeal呼吁；attach附上；adapt适应，故选D项。【答案】D14. That pair of shoes just doesnt _ to me. But I like them. A. adapt B. appeal C. attend D. agree【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：那双鞋对我没有吸引力。四个词都可以和to连用，构成：appeal to呼吁；上诉；有吸引力；adapt to适应；适合；改编；attend to处理；照顾；护理；agree to:同意；接受；允诺。【答案】B15.Mr. Browns condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will _.A. pull back B. pull up C. pull through D. pull out【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：布朗先生的状况看起来非常严重，他是否会恢复健康值得怀疑。pull back拉回， 撤回；pull up停下， 拔起；pull through使恢复健康；pull out出发，离开。故选C项。【答案】C16. Lucy found one of her friends had been _ after she finished the invitations to her wedding party. A. taken out B. put out C. picked out D. left out【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：露西在发完婚礼请柬后发现她的一位朋友被漏掉了。taken out拿出；put out 扑灭；出版；picked out挑选，辨认出；left out落下；不提及，不包括。从句意可知选D项。【答案】D17. Not having promoted the new digital camera successfully, the company should its original marketing methods.A. account for B. reflect on C. work out D. call up【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：没能成功地对新数码相机进行宣传推销，公司应该仔细思考一下最初的市场策略了。account for解释的原因，占比例；reflect on考虑；仔细思考；work out制定；解出，计算出；call up打电话。根据题意可知选B项。【答案】B18. Hard work and lack of sleep have _ her beauty and youth in recent years. A. worn out B. tried out C. made out D. sent out【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：最近几年的辛苦工作和缺少睡眠耗尽了她的美丽和青春年华。worn out用坏，穿破，筋疲力尽，耗尽；tried out尝试； made out辨认出，理解；sent out发送，发出，根据句义可知选A项。【答案】A19. They are broadening the bridge to _ the flow of traffic. A. put off B. speed up C. turn on D. work out【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们拓宽了大桥来加速交通的流畅。put off延期；speed up加速；turn on打开；work out解决，故选B项。【答案】B20. It was unfortunate that their new car _ halfway to the airport.A. broke off B. got over C. broke down D. got away【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：不幸的是他们的新汽车在去机场的半路上抛锚了。broke off折断； got over克服；broke down抛锚；got away离开。故选C项。【答案】C21. After that, he knew he could _ any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability.A. get away with B. get on with C. get through D. get across【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意：从那之后他知道他能尽最大能力处理任何紧急事件。get through通过，完成，符合题意。get away with逃避惩罚；get on with继续干，与相处；get across通过，使被理解，故选C项。【答案】C22Experience doesnt always _ to the problem we are faced with.A. make a choice B. make a difference C. make up D. make out【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：经验并不总是对你面对的问题有作用。make a choice 做选择；make a difference起作用，用影响；make up组成，编造；make out理解，辨认出，根据句意可知选B项。 【答案】B23. -What