科技英语课文翻译及答案课后答案和译文.doc

科技英语考试题型与分值Part I Match the words with their definition. Fill the number of the word in the bracket. (5%)10个小题，每题0.5分。Part II Translate English phrases to Chinese or Chinese ones to English.(30%) 30个小题，每题1分。1-20英译汉，21-30汉译英。Part III. Translate the following sentences. (40%)10个句子，每个句子4分。1-5英译汉，6-10汉译英。Part IV. Reading comprehension (25%)A.Answer the following questions according to the articles in the textbook.(15%)5个问题，每题3分。BChoose the best answer from the four choices given. (10%)5个选择题，每题2分。Unit 1 练习答案及课文译文Part 2 Reading AI1 F 2 T3F 4T5T 6.F 7.T 8.T 9.F 10.TII1. Reducing the time and cost of product development and production.2. The product cycle is composed of two main processes：the design process and the manufacturing process3. The activities involved in the design process can be classified largely as two types：synthesis and analysis4. Rapid prototyping is becoming popular because this technology enables the construction of a prototype by deposition layers from the bottom to the top 5. This includes the preparation of drawings，reports，and bills of materials.III1.d 2.e 3.b 4.j 5.i 6.c 7.f 8.h 9.g 10.aIV1.处理速度 2.用户友好的交互图形 3. 产品周期 4. 设计规格 5. 设计评价6.CAD 7.CAM 8.CAE 9.design process 10.production processV1. 除非能以较低的价格提供更好的质量及更短的交货时间提供新产品，否则任何企业都无法在当今的国际竞争中立足。2. 设计过程始于由市场人员认定的用户需求，止于对产品的完整描述，通常用图形来表现。3. 例如：尺寸缩小表示一张薄的材料由具有厚度属性的等效曲面来代表，或一个细长区域由具有截面特性的线段来表示。4. 如图10-1所示，制造过程根据设计过程的图纸始于工艺计划，止于实际的产品。5. 首先要导出一个分析模型，因为分析子过程适用于该模型而非设计本身。 VI. 1. Thus，to understand the role of CAD，CAM，and CAE，we need to examine the various activities and functions that must be accomplished in the design and manufacture of a product2. As illustrated in Fig. 10-1，the initial design activities（such as identification of thedesign need，formulation of design specifications，feasibility study with collectingrelevant design information，and design conceptualization）are part of the synthesis subprocess3. Once the conceptual design has been developed，the analysis subprocess begins with analysis and optimization of the design4. This technology enables the construction of a prototype by deposition layers from the bottom to the topThus it enables the construction of the prototype directly from its design because it requires basically the cross-sectional data of the product5. Once process planning has been completed，the actual product is produced and inspected against quality requirementsParts that pass the quality control inspection are assembled，functionally tested，packaged，labeled，and shipped to customersPart 4 Reading B. 1. F 2.F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6.F 7. F 8. T 9. T 10. F 1. It deals with the conception, design, development, refinement, and application of machines and mechanical apparatus of all kinds.2. Mechanical engineering.3. Professional engineering is concerned with obtaining solutions to practical problems.4. Creating a completely new design generally requires that many old and well-established methods be thrust aside.5. “Bugs” or unforeseen problems课文参考译文：机械工程设计机械工程设计是工程学的一个重要部分，它涉及概念、设计、开发、完善以及各种各样机器、机械设备的应用。对许多学生而言，机械工程设计是他们首先学习的专业工程课程之一。专业工程学涉及获取实际问题的解决方法，因此工程师们能够设计出解决实际问题的更好方法。机械工程设计的大多数问题并不只有唯一正确的答案。因此，现代机械工程师们才得以清晰设计出更好的满足当今需求的方案。工程师必须运用对现有科学知识的最佳理解，再加上经验信息和良好的判断力。在考虑一台完整的机器（设计）时，工程师始终发现对各种各样零部件的要求和限制是相互关联的。现代工程师越来越宽泛地考虑安全性、生态以及总体“寿命质量”。好的设计要求不断尝试新想法并愿意冒一定风险，知道如果新想法不管用，还可以恢复使用现行的方法。因此，设计师必须有耐心，因为不能保证多付出了时间和努力就一定能成功。产生一项全新设计一般要求摒弃许多陈旧的、建立已久的方法。一名设计师应不断寻求方法改进现有产品，同时决定应使用何种旧有的已被证明（正确）的概念并加入新颖且未被尝试的想法。在新设计的优越性特点被接受之前，该设计一般都有“毛病”或“不可预知的”必须解决的问题。因此，有产生优越产品的可能，但只能以冒更高的风险为代价。必须强调的是，如该设计无法证明全新方法的权威性，就不能仅仅为改变而采用该方法。在设计初始阶段，应允许创新大量出现而不受数量限制。尽管可能会出现许多不切实际的想法，但是在制造要求的最终确定的细节出台之前的设计早期要淘汰这些想法通常很容易。在此情况下，革新性想法是不受禁止的。经常，开发出的设计不止一种，多得到了彼此间可以相互比较的地步。完全可能的是：最终被接受的设计将使用那些被摒弃了的没有表现出多大完全有希望的诸多想法之中的一种。还有一点必须承认的是：一名设计工程师若想让自己的诸多想法被采纳，必须能将这些想法和其他人沟通。将设计与其他人沟通交流是设计过程中最终而且最重要的一步。毫无疑问，许多伟大设计、发明以及创造性作品失传人间是因为发明创作者们无法或不愿向他人解释其成果。展示是一项推销性工作。工程师，在向行政、管理或监督人员展示一项新的解决方案时，是在试图向这些人员推销或证明该方案更好。如果这项工作做得不成功，那么在获得该方案上所花的时间和努力就白费了。Unit 2 练习答案及课文译文Part 2 Reading AI. 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5.T 6. F 7. T 8. F 9. T 10. FII.1. Three. They are a Communication System, A Measurement system, A Feedback Control system.2.It is to accept the input signal from an input device (microphone), use this signal to control the amplitude of a radio frequency signal (each broadcast station is assigned its own radio frequency), and drive the output device (the antenna) with a radio frequency current to produce electromagnetic waves radiating into space.3. To acquire information from suitable transducers about the behavior of some physical system and to display this information to the observer.4. Is the feedback control system5. In which information about the behavior of the output modifies the signals driving the system.III. b f g c e d j h i aIV.1.调幅 2. 射频 3. 冰点槽 4. 与成比例 5. 数字显示器6. audio microphone 7. receiving system 8. transmitting system 9. on-off control 10. set the temperatureV. 1. 接收器的功能是放大或增加天线接收的相对较弱的信号的强度，过滤或选择所需的其他广播站的射频信号，用射频信号振幅的改变来恢复音频信号，并用此音频信号驱动扬声器。2. 在测量系统中，每一个处理步骤都会将预计到的涉及查找和消除的任何小错误，添加到的信号上。3. 第三个系统是反馈控制系统，在该系统中，通过输出性能的数据来调整驱动系统的信号。4. 这种恒温调节器包含确定室内温度的输入设备（通常，双金属带随温度改变而弯曲），设置所需温度的机械装置（设置温度的拨号盘），以及机械式开关，由双金属带启动，控制熔炉。5. 假设熔炉没有开关装置，房间的温度，或者升到最高某个温度（如果熔炉一直开着），或者降到最低的某个温度（如熔炉一直关着）。VI. 1. The input can be speech, music, or data that is produced at one location and transmitted efficiently over long distances, permitting faithful recovery of the original input.2. Amplitude Modulation means that the amplitude or magnitude of a radio frequency (RF) signal is caused to vary according to the magnitude of a lower frequency signal (audio, corresponding to audible frequencies).， 3. The purpose of this system is to acquire information from suitable transducers about the behavior of some physical system and to display this information to the observer.4. The pair of thermocouple junctions, one attached to the object whose temperature is to be measured, the other submerged in an ice bath (to establish a stable reference point), presents to the processor a voltage that depends on the temperature difference between the object to be measured and the ice bath.5. This familiar example, which in fact includes no electrical components other than a switch, was chosen to emphasize the feedback concept.Part 4 Reading BI. 1.T 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.F 6.F 7.F 8.T 9.F 10.FII.1. It is a general purpose, programmable machine possessing certain humanlike characteristic.2. its arm3. They are similar in terms of power drive technology, feedback systems, etc.4. Because people tend to associate robots with high unemployment and the conquer of human beings by these machines.5. To reduce the humanoid impact. Unit 3 练习答案及课文译文Part 2 Reading A Mark the following statements with T(true ) or F (false) according to the passage.1.F 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.T 6.F 7.T 8.T 9.F 10.FGive brief answers to the following questions. 1.Pixo is built in collaboration with Suzuki Motor in Delhi, India.2. Pixo is available with manual or automatic transmissions.3. Sales start from late spring 2009.4. The NuVu battery pack uses new laminated lithium-ion cells with a capacity of 140 wh/kg . 5.There are no door mirrors to disturb the airflow. Match the items listed in the following two columns.1-5 j f d c g6-10 e I h b a Translate the following expressions.1.手动或自动挡2.内部设计3.薄板锂离子电池4.太阳能电池板5.头尾灯6 concept car7. Horse power8. test bed9. battery pack10. turning circleTranslate the following sentences into Chinese.1. 尼桑推出了一种新产品城市汽车Pixo和一款电力驱动的概念车NuVu，预示了尼桑未来的重点会放在电力驱动车上。2. 尼桑表示，如果个人的流动性水平持续下降的话，正在进行的城市化将推进对城市中驾驶的各类汽车进行彻底的重新思考。3. Nuvu最重要的方面是其内部设计，聪明的整体设计提供了极大的舒适和空间。4. 两个踏板，用于停车和前进。还有数字仪表盘来显示速度，行驶距离和电池容量。5.凭借其轻巧的结构，Pixo在NEDC(新欧洲循环驾驶 )试验中产生的二氧化碳排放量低至103克/公里，燃料消耗量为4.6升 /100公里。 Translate the following sentences into English.1.Two screens on the dashboard display the view behind the car2. Around View Camera gives a birds eye view of the car when maneuvering or parking.3. It is our job to provide personal transportation that is better suited to peoples needs 。4. The car is available with manual or automatic transmissions.5. it does share some of the technology that will feature in the planned production vehicle.Part 4 Reading B Mark the following statements with T(true ) or F (false) according to the passage1.T 2.F3.T4.F5.F6.F7.T8.F9.T10.FGive brief answers to the following questions.1. An automobile includes four main parts: engine, body, chassis and electrical equipment.2. The chassis includes the transmission, suspension, steering, and brake systems. 3. The body provides a protective covering for the engine, passengers, and cargo. It is designed to keep passengers safe and comfortable. The body styling provides an attractive, colorful, modern appearance for the vehicle. 4. You put your car key into the ignition lock and turn it.5. When you press on the foot brake, friction bands push hard against the wheel drums and stop the wheels from turning. Unit 4 练习答案及课文译文Part 2 Reading A Mark the following statements with T(true ) or F (false) according to the passage 1.T 2.F 3. T 4. F 5.TGive brief answers to the following questions 1. A system in which actions are controlled by the direct insertion of numerical data at some point. The system must automatically interpret at least some portion of this data.”2. The operator works with a sophisticated and expensive system, intelligence, clear thinking, and especially good judgment are essential qualifications of a good NC operator.3. The driving device may be a DC motor, a hydraulic actuator, or a stepping motor.4. Compared with a conventional machine tool, the NC system replaces the manual actions of the operator. In conventional machining a part is produced by moving a cutting tool along a workpiece by means of handwheels, which are guided by an operator.5.Because of their high durability and quality. Match the items listed in the following two columns 1. f 2. h 3. e 4. b 5. c 6. d 7. I 8. a 9. j 10. g Translate the following expressions 1.零件程序 2. 穿孔纸带 3. 液压致动器 4. 三维信息 5. 计算机数控6. EIA （Electronic Industries Association） 7. basic length-unit 8. in the form of9. servo actuator 10. stepping motorTranslate the following sentences into Chinese 1.在典型的数控系统中，制造零件所需的数值数据，即零件程序，被保存在穿孔带上。2.和传统的机床相比，数控系统取代了操作员的手工操作。3.工件程序设计员必须熟悉数控机床的功能和加工工艺，然后才能决定最佳的操作顺序。4. DNC技术是目前制造业的先进技术 ,是数控技术、通信技术、计算机网络和数据库等技术的综合应用。5. 该驱动装置可能是一个直流电动机，液压致动器，或步进电机。对驱动装置类型的选择主要取决于机器对电源的要求 Translate the following sentences into English 1. Since the operator works with a sophisticated and expensive system, intelligence, clear thinking, and especially good judgment are essential qualifications of a good NC operator.2. The part dimensions are expressed in part programs by integers.3. In the 1960s, NC machines largely gave way to CNC, or computer numerical control machines.4.The advantage of using computer lies principally in the savings of programming time.5. They write the part program manually or by using a computer-assisted language, such as APT. Part 4 Reading BCheck Your Understanding Mark the following statements with T(true ) or F (false) according to the passage 1.F 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.F 6.T 7.F 8.F 9.T 10.TGive brief answers to the following questions 1. The programmer can avoid steps such as writing the program by hand, key punching and manual verification.2. He must repeat each word of the vocabulary about five times.3. About 30 words .4. To isolate each word.5. About one-tenth of a second or longer.Unit 5 练习答案及课文译文Part 2 Reading A1.T 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. F1. The function of computer hardware components is typically divided into three main categories: input, output, and storage.2. They are: a light pen, a mouse, a joystick, a keyboard, touch-screen displays, an optical scanner, a microphone, a voice recognition module, a modem, a network interface card (NIC).3. RAM is also known as volatile memory because the information within the computer chips is lost when power to the computer is turned off.4. Flash memory is now very popular in portable devices with its high capacity, fast read/write speed, portability, convenient application and kinetic shock resistance, etc.5. Input hardware consists of external devicesthat provide information and instructions to the computer; output hardware consists of internal and external devices that transfer information from the computers CPU to the computer user. 1. f 2. e 3. g 4. a 5. c 6. i 7. d 8. j 9. b 10. h1. 激光打印机 2. 局域网 3. 永久性存储器 4. 光扫描仪 5. 电子电路6. modulator-demodulator 7. inked ribbon 8.read-only memory 9. digital versatile disc10. central processing unit(CPU)1. 鼠标是一个由手握住控制的定点装置。 操纵杆(摇杆)是一个由杠杆构成的定点装置, 它在电脑屏幕上可多个方向移动操控光标或者其它的图像。2. 网络接口卡使得计算机通过类似于电话线的专门的电缆或者无线连接接入局域网。 大多数局域网是通过以标准以太网络(1983年引进)连接的。3. 作为永久的计算机部件,硬盘驱动一般可以存储大量信息,同时检索资料的速度也非常快。相比之下,软盘存储较少的信息, 检索速度也较慢。4. 只读存储器包括非常重要的信息和必须永久地可以用于电脑操作的软件,例如总开机到关机自始至终指示计算机运行的操作系统。5. 阴极射线管,或者检测器,看起来和电视机很象。通过使用一束光电子扫描磷光表面放射出光线, 形成图像将中央处理器的信息显示在显示器上。 1. Computer hardware, equipment involved in the function of a computer, consists of the components that can be physically handled. The function of these components is typically divided into three main categories: input, output, and storage.2. Output hardware consists of internal and external devices that transfer information from the computers CPU to the computer user.3. Random access memory (RAM) is used to store the information and instructions that operate the computers programs. RAM is also known as volatile memory because the information within the computer chips is lost when power to the computer is turned off.4. A modem, which stands for modulator-demodulator, is a device that connects a computer to a telephone line or cable television network and allows information to be transmitted to or received from another computer. Each computer that sends or receives information must be connected to a modem.5. Computers can also output audio via a specialized chip on the motherboard or an add-on card called a sound card. Users can attach speakers or headphones to an output port to hear the audio produced by the computer. Part 4 Reading B 1. T 2. T. 3. T 4. F 5.F 6. F 7. T 8. T 9.F 10. T 1. When the “host” codes are executed, the viruses replicate themselves and may attempt to do something destructive. In this, they behave much like biological viruses. 2. Worms differ from viruses, though, in that they arent just bits of code that exist in other files.3. Because they operate in the background and dont appear in the task list. 4. The ability of RAT servers to initiate connections can also allow some of them to evade firewalls. An outgoing connection is usually permitted. Once a server contacts a client, the client and server can communicate, and the server begins following the instructions of the client. 5.Spybots, keybots or keylogger, Netbus, SubSeven, Bionet and Hackatack. Reading B 远程管理特洛伊木马（RAT）病毒 恶意软件的世界常常分成两类：病毒性和非病毒性。病毒是埋藏在其他程序中的很短的程序代码。当“主”程序执行时，病毒就复制自身，并企图做些有破坏性的事。在此过程中，它们的行为很像生物病毒。 蠕虫是一类计算机寄生虫，可以把它们归到病毒阵营，因为它们进行复制，从一台计算机散布到另一台计算机。 作为病毒，蠕虫的有害行为常常只是复制这个行为。它们通过生成大量的电子邮件或申请连接的请求，使服务器没法处理而导致计算机崩溃。 但蠕虫也有别于病毒，它们不是存在于其他文件中的代码。它们可以是整个文件，如Excel数据表格。它们不需要运行另一个程序就进行复制。 远程管理（病毒）是另一类非病毒性恶意软件特洛伊木马（或更简单地称作木马）的例子。这些程序的目的不是复制，而是渗透进去加以控制。它们伪装成某种东西，但实际上是另一件东西，通常具有破坏性。 有多种类型的木马病毒，其中包括间谍机器人（它在网站上报告计算机用户来访）和击键机器人（它记录和报告用户的击键，目的是为了发现口令和其他的保密信息）。 RAT病毒企图让远程入侵者对受感染的计算机进行管理控制。它们以客户机/服务器那样的方式进行工作。服务器驻留在受感染的机器中，而客户机位于网络上能实施远程入侵的其他地方。 利用标准的TCP/IP或UDP协议，该客户机给服务器发送指令。服务器在受感染的计算机上做被告知的事情。 木马病毒，含RAT病毒，通常由用户、甚至最聪明的用户不经意地下载下来。访问恶意的网站或者点击恶意的链接都可能招致不想要的特洛伊病毒进入（计算机）。RAT病毒利用普通程序和浏览器中的弱点自行安装。 一旦它们驻留在计算机中，RAT病毒是很难发现和去除的。对于Windows用户，简单地击打CtrlAltDelete键并不能暴露RAT病毒，因为它们在后台工作，不会出现在任务列表中。 有些非常穷凶极恶的RAT病毒设计成以一种即使在被发现后也非常难去除的方式安装。 例如，Back Orifice RAT病毒的一个变种，叫G_Door，安装其服务器作为Windows系统目录中的Kernel32.exe，存活并锁定在那里并控制注册键。 活动的Kernel32.exe是不能去除的，重新启动也不能清除注册键。每次受感染的计算机开机，Kernel32.exe被再次启动，并被激活和锁定。 有些RAT病毒对已知的或标准的端口进行侦听。其他的则对随机的端口进行侦听，通告它的客户机，电子邮件连接到了哪些端口和哪些IP地址。 通过ISP（因特网服务提供商）连接到因特网上的计算机，虽然常常被认为比静态的宽带连接更安全，也可能被这样的RAT病毒所控制。 RAT病毒服务器这种激活连接的能力，也能让它们中的一些可以入侵防火墙。通常向外的连接是允许的，一旦服务器与客户机建立联系，客户机和服务器就能进行通信，服务器就开始遵循客户机的指令工作。 出于各种原因，系统管理员使用合法工具管理网络，如记录雇员的使用和下载程序更新（与某些远程管理木马病毒的功能非常相像）。这两者间的差别可能是非常小的，远程管理工具被入侵者使用就成了RAT病毒。 2001年4月，一名叫Gary McKin-non的失业的英国系统管理员利用合法的远程管理工具Remotely Anywhere成功地控制了美国海军网络上的多台计算机。 McKinnon通过黑客手段获得目标计算机上未防护的口令和使用非法拷贝的Remotely Anywhere软件，突破了美国海军的网络，利用该远程管理工具偷窃信息、删除文件和记录。McKinnon从他女朋友的电子邮件账号发起攻击，这个账号给侦查留下了线索。 一些有名的RAT病毒是Back Orifice的变种，如Netbus、SubSeven、 Bionet 和Hackatack。这些RAT病毒大多是一组程序，而不是单独的一个程序。黑客把它们变成一个庞大的、具有类似功能的木马病毒阵列。 Unit 6 练习答案及课文译文Part 2Reading AI. 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. T 7.F 8.F 9. T 10. T II. 1. E-business is the application of Internet technologies to business processes./ E-business is taken as the extension of business on to the Internet.2. E-commerce is a subset of e-business, because the sales function is just one of the key business processes a commercial enterprise supports.3. Because it will help determine the scope and perspective of this analytical paper. 4. E-commerce is seen as being B2C (business to consumer), B2B (business to business) and B2G (business to government).5. An e-enterprise is defined as an enterprise prepared to conduct commerce in this new economy.III.1. c 2. d