1科技英语答案2015年11月20日.doc

请同学及时保存作业,如您在20分钟内不作操作,系统将自动退出。窗体顶端2015年秋季学期科技英语在线考试(适用于2015年12月份考试) 试卷总分：100 测试时间：- 单选题 阅读理解 阅读理解 完型填空 一、单选题（共 15 道试题，共 30 分。）V 1. I suppose you couldnt let me borrow your car this evening, _? A. couldnt youB. dont youC. could youD. will you满分：2 分2. Over 30 years, he devoted himself to _ the collections of the Summer Palace and to the research of their crafts. A. identifying B. simplifyingC. clarifying D. classifying满分：2 分3. Weve worked out a method by which our production can be raised on a large （ ） A. quantityB. scaleC. qualityD. proportion满分：2 分4. The employees wage rise and the wage of senior managerial personnel are decided by the （ ） of directors of the enterprise through discussions A. boardB. abroadC. boastD. bold满分：2 分5. Who would you rather_with you tomorrow, Tom or Smith? A. have to goB. have goC. have goneD. had go满分：2 分6. Foreign investors are allowed, （ ） the relevant regulations, to invest their profits in RMB in the domestic enterprises A. ahead of timeB. in accordance withC. trade unionD. joint venture满分：2 分7. Whether it is desirable or not _ the importance of avoiding rejects versus the importance of avoiding cost increases A. relates toB. consists ofC. engages inD. depends on满分：2 分8. Obviously you came here intending to （ ） the United States and you will need a work visa A. rest withB. resort toC. render intoD. reside in满分：2 分9. However much _, it will be worth the money. A. the dictionary costsB. costs the dictionaryC. the dictionary will costD. does the dictionary cost满分：2 分10. There are scientific satellites in _ that measure wave heights, but too few to give reliable worldwide coverage. A. markB. orbitC. storeD. line满分：2 分11. _ with the developed areas, peoples living standard of this province is not high at all. A. ComparedB. To be comparedC. Having comparedD. Comparing满分：2 分12. I hope that I shall never again have to _ such unpleasant experience; otherwise I might sue to the court A. undergoB. underlieC. underlineD. understand满分：2 分13. If you dont take your umbrella, youre going to get _. A. sank B. soapedC. foamed D. soaked满分：2 分14. A(n) _ is someone who is being considered for a position, for example someone who is running in an election or applying for a job. A. astronomerB. scientistC. candidateD. researcher满分：2 分15. How close parents are to their children_a strong influence on the development of the childrens character. A. haveB. hasC. havingD. had满分：2 分窗体底端请同学及时保存作业,如您在20分钟内不作操作,系统将自动退出。窗体顶端2015年秋季学期科技英语在线考试(适用于2015年12月份考试) 试卷总分：100 测试时间：- 单选题 阅读理解 阅读理解 完型填空 二、阅读理解（共 1 道试题，共 20 分。）V 1. In order to talk about the nature of the universe and to discuss questions such as whether it has a beginning or an end, you have to be clear about what a scientific theory is. I shall take the simple-minded view that a theory is just a model of the universe, or a restricted part of it, and a set of rules that relate quantities in the model to observations that we make.It exists only in our minds and does not have any other reality. A theory is a good theory if it satisfies two requirements. It must accurately describe a large class of observations on the basis of a model that contains only a few arbitrary elements, and it must make definite predictions about the results of future observations.For example, Aristotles theory that everything was made out of four elements, earth, air, fire, and water, was simple enough to qualify, but it did not make any definite predictions. On the other hand, Newtons theory of gravity was based on an even simpler model, in which bodies attracted each other with a force that was proportional to a quantity called their mass and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Yet it predicts the motion of the sun, the moon, and the planets to a high degree of accuracy.Any physical theory is always provisional, in the sense that it is only a hypothesis: you can never prove it. No matter how many times the results of experiments agree with some theory, you can never be sure that the next time the result will not contradict the theory. On the other hand, you can disprove a theory by finding even a single observation that disagrees with the predictions of the theory. In practice, what often happens is that a new theory that is devised is really an extension of the previous theory.The eventual goal of science is to provide a single theory that describes the whole universe. However, the approach most scientists actually follow is to separate the problem into two parts. First, there are the laws that tell us how the universe changes with time. If we know what the universe is like at any one time, these physical laws tell us how it will look at any later time. Second, there is the question of the initial state of the universe. Some people feel that science should be concerned with only the first part; they regard the question of the initial situation as a matter for religion. They would say that God could have started the universe off any way he wanted. That may be so, but in that case he also could have made it develop in a completely arbitrary way. Yet it appears that he chose to make it evolve in a very regular way according to certain laws. It therefore seems equally reasonable to suppose that there are also laws governing the initial state.It turns out to be very difficult to devise a theory to describe the universe all in one go. Instead, we break the problem up into bits and invent a number of partial theories. Each of these partial theories describes and predicts a certain limited class of observations, neglecting the effects of other quantities, or representing them by simple sets of numbers. It may be that this approach is completely wrong. If everything in the universe depends on everything else in a fundamental way, it might be impossible to get close to a full solution by investigating parts of the problem in isolation. Nevertheless, it is certainly the way that we have made progress in the past. The classical example is the Newtonian theory of gravity, which tells us that the gravitational force between two bodies depends only on one number associated with each body, its mass, but is otherwise independent of what the bodies are made of. Thus one does not need to have a theory of the structure and constitution of the sun and the planets in order to calculate their orbits.Today scientists describe the universe on terms of two basic partial theories the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. They are the great intellectual achievements of the first half of this century. The general theory of relativity describes the force of gravity and the large-scale structure of the universe. Quantum mechanics, on the other hand, deals with phenomena on extremely small scales, such as a millionth of a millionth of an inch. Unfortunately, however, these two theories are known to be inconsistent with each other they cannot both be correct. One of the major endeavors in physics today, is the search for a new theory that will incorporate them both a quantum theory of gravity. We do not yet have such a new theory, and we may still be a long way from having one, but we do already know many of the properties that it must have.1). According to the author, a theory is all of the following EXCEPT for _.A. a model of the universeB. a restricted part of the universeC. a set of rulesD. a reality满分：4 分2). The difference between Aristotles theory and Newtons theory is _.A. Aristotles theory can describe a large class of observations, while Newtons cannot.B. Newtons theory can describe a large class of observations, while Aristotles cannot.C. Aristotles theory can make a definite prediction of the future observations, while Newtons cannot.D. Newtons theory can make a definite prediction of the future observations, while Aristotles cannot.满分：4 分3). The approach adopted by most scientists to devise a theory to describe the universe is _.A. to break the problem up into bits and invent a number of partial theoriesB. to invent one theory to describe the whole universeC. to combine general theory of relativity with quantum mechanicsD. to study the origin of the universe满分：4 分4). It is described in Newtons theory of gravity that bodies attracted each other with a force which is _.A. inversely proportional to their massB. inversely proportional to the square of the distance between themC. proportional to the square of the distance between themD. proportional to the constitution of them满分：4 分5). According the passage, the great intellectual achievements of the first half of the 20th century are _.A. Newtons theory of gravity and the general theory of relativityB. Newtons theory of gravity and quantum mechanicsC. the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanicsD. the general theory of relativity and the quantum theory of gravity满分：4 分窗体底端三、阅读理解（共 1 道试题，共 20 分。）V 1. A few common misconceptions. Beauty is only skin deep. Ones physical assets and liabilities dont count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best. Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not so beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted. Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties(虔诚) while acting just the contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a group college students, or teachers or corporate personnel mangersa piece of paper relating an individuals accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average-looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted. Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Sappho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good. In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: In terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire(追求) to managerial positions do not g et on as well as women who may be less attractive. 1). According to the passage, people often wrongly believe that in pursuing a career as a manager _. A. a persons property or debts do not matter muchB. a persons outward appearance is not a critical qualificationC. women should always dress fashionablyD. women should not only be attractive but also high minded满分：4 分2). The result of research carried out by social scientists show that _.A. people do not realize the importance of looking ones bestB. women in pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid wellC. good looking women aspire to managerial positionsD. attractive people generally have an advantage over those who are not满分：4 分3). Experiments by scientists have shown that when people evaluate individuals on certain attributes _.A. they observe the principle that beauty is only skin deepB. they do not usually act according to the views they supportC. they give ordinary looking persons the lowest ratingsD. they tend to base their judgment on the individuals accomplishments满分：4 分4). Good looks cut both ways for women(Line 1, Para.5) means that _.A. attractive women have tremendous potential impact on public jobsB. good looking women always get the best of everythingC. being attractive is not always an advantage for womenD. attractive women do not do as well as unattractive women in managerial positions满分：4 分5). It can be inferred from the passage that in the business world _.A. handsome men are not affected as much by their looks as attractive women areB. physically attractive women who are in the public eye usually do quite wellC. physically attractive men and women who are in the public eye usually get along quite wellD. good looks are important for women as they are for men满分：4 分四、完型填空（共 1 道试题，共 30 分。）V 1. In recent years a new farming revolution has begun, one that involves the manipulation of life at a (1) level the gene. The study of genetics has (2) a new industry called biotechnology. As the name suggest, it incorporates biology (3) modem technology through such techniques as genetic engineering. Some of the new biotech companies specialize in agriculture and are working passionately to (4) seeds that give a high yield, that (5) diseases, drought and frost, and that reduce the need for (6) chemicals. If such goals could be achieved, it would be most (7). But some have raised concerns about genetically engineered crops.In nature, genetic diversity is created within certain (8) . A rose can be crossed with a different kind of rose, but a rose will never cross with a potato. Genetic engineering, (9) usually involves taking genes from one species and inserting them into another (10) to transfer a desired characteristic. This could mean, for example, selecting a gene which leads to the production of a chemical with anti-freeze (11) from an artic fish, and inserting it into a potato or strawberry to make it frost-resistant. (12), then, biotechnology allows humans to breach the genetic walls that separate species. Like the green revolution, (13) some call, the gene revolution (14) to the problem of genetic uniformitysome say even more so (15) geneticists can employ techniques