内部新员工oracle培训手册-RMAN增量备份全过程-linux5.docx

Linux 5.4 Oracle 11.2-亲测RMAN增量备份恢复全过程-内部培训教程-2011-05-062011-05-06 ORACLE RMAN 增量备份完整恢复测试创建测试表空间：SQL create tablespace tablespace1 2 datafile /db/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tablespace1.dbf 3 size 10m;Tablespace created.SQL创建测试用户并指定为默认表空间：SQL create user user1 identified by oracle default tablespace tablespace1;User created.SQL设置该测试用户权限：SQL grant create session,create table,unlimited tablespace to user1;Grant succeeded.SQL用新创建的用户登录：SQL conn user1/Enter password: Connected.SQL建表并写入数据：SQL create table table1 (id int,name varchar2(30);Table created.SQL insert into table1 values(0001,Tian);1 row created.SQL insert into table1 values(0002,zhong);1 row created.SQL select * from table1; ID NAME- - 1 Tian 2 zhongSQL commit;Commit complete.配置RMAN环境变量切换sys用户作0级备份：利用configure命令配置RMAN环境:RMAN CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; #开启归档日志自动备份RMAN CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO /db/bak/ctf/%d_ctf_bak_%F; #指定归档日志备份位置RMAN CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 2 BACKUP TYPE TO COMPRESSED BACKUPSET; #采用并行度为2且压缩备份集的方式备份到磁盘。RMAN CONFIGURE CHANNEL 1 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT /db/bak/disk1/%d_datafile_bak_%U;RMAN CONFIGURE CHANNEL 2 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT /db/bak/disk2/%d_datafile_bak_%U;RMAN show all;RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ORCL are:CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # defaultCONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # defaultCONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # defaultCONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO /db/bak/ctf/%d_ctf_bak_%F;CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 2 BACKUP TYPE TO COMPRESSED BACKUPSET;CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # defaultCONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # defaultCONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK MAXPIECESIZE 2 G;CONFIGURE CHANNEL 1 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT /db/bak/disk1/%d_datafile_bak_%U;CONFIGURE CHANNEL 2 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT /db/bak/disk2/%d_datafile_bak_%U;CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # defaultCONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # defaultCONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM AES128; # defaultCONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM BASIC AS OF RELEASE DEFAULT OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # defaultCONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # defaultCONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f; # default备份全库（包括归档日志及启动参数文件等）：RMAN RMAN backup incremental level 0 database plus archivelog;Starting backup at 06-MAY-11current log archivedusing channel ORA_DISK_1.（省略过程）提示备份成功。可以再通过RMAN list backup；查看已有备份确认（注意LV 字段全为0，为0级增量备份）。继续往测试表中插入新数据：SQL insert into table1 values(3,wang);1 row created.SQL insert into table1 values(4,newtest);1 row created.SQL select * from table1; ID NAME- - 1 Tian 2 zhong 3 wang 4 newtestSQL commit;Commit complete.插入成功，并提交。1级增量备份全库：RMAN backup incremental level 1 database plus archivelog;省略备份过程细节。提示备份成功。可以再通过RMAN list backup；查看已有备份确认（此时LV字段包含0和1，表示目前备份中已包含有0级和1级增量备份）。接下来开始恢复：=恢复=模拟全库数据文件，spfile文件及控制文件的丢失（物理删除）：模拟方式，操作系统层面rm命令强行删除，包括oradata目录下的数据文件和$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录下的spfile等启动参数文件。/注意：在操作系统层面rm删除oracle相关文件时，可以选择oracle open状态删除，也可以选择先将oracle正常shutdown后再删除。但后者在recover过程需要设置前滚until点，可以通过设置until SCN=故障发生时前一个正常恢复点。（SCN点在recover过程中会有提示）此处为正常shutdown immediate后的恢复。SQL startupORA-01078: failure in processing system parametersLRM-00109: could not open parameter file /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl.oraSQL此处可见已经找不到启动参数文件首先恢复spfile文件：RMAN connect target /connected to target database (not started)RMAN set dbid 1274918132 #dbid号可通过查看备份文件得到executing command: SET DBIDRMAN startup nomount; #RMAN可从默认的Oracle配置参数中启动到nomount状态startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parametersLRM-00109: could not open parameter file /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl.orastarting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrieval of spfileOracle instance startedTotal System Global Area 159019008 bytesFixed Size 1335192 bytesVariable Size 75497576 bytesDatabase Buffers 79691776 bytesRedo Buffers 2494464 bytesRMAN restore spfile from /db/bak/ctf/ORCL_ctf_bak_c-1274918132-20110506-02; #控制文件备份地址Starting restore at 06-MAY-11using channel ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /db/bak/ctf/ORCL_ctf_bak_c-1274918132-20110506-02channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP completeFinished restore at 06-MAY-11恢复参数文件成功！关闭数据库实例，重新从刚才已恢复的参数文件启动数据库实例。RMAN shutdown immediate;Oracle instance shut downRMAN startup nomount;connected to target database (not started)Oracle instance startedTotal System Global Area 422670336 bytesFixed Size 1336960 bytesVariable Size 322963840 bytesDatabase Buffers 92274688 bytesRedo Buffers 6094848 bytes以上参数可见原先SGA的配置和默认RMAN启动调用的参数是不同滴。接下来恢复控制文件RMAN restore controlfile from /db/bak/ctf/ORCL_ctf_bak_c-1274918132-20110506-02; #备份控制文件路径Starting restore at 06-MAY-11using channel ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control filechannel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01output file name=/db/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctloutput file name=/db/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctlFinished restore at 06-MAY-11控制文件恢复成功！此时就可以启动数据库到mount状态RMAN alte