仁爱版英语中考常考知识点整理.doc

中考知识点整理人称代词第一人称第二人称第三人称主格Iweyouyouhesheitthey宾格meusyouyouhimheritthem物主代词第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性myouryouryourhisheritstheir名词性mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirse.g. you - your - yourself (yourselves) (反身代词) 主格作主语，宾格作宾语 their (形容词性物主代词)+ n. = theirs (名词性物主代词)who主格 宾格物主代词whomwhose* 冠词 + n. 不定冠词：a/ an (用于元音前) 定冠词：the* 名词（作主语） 可数名词：单数/复数（+s, +es ） 不可数名词：water, bread, fish * 名词变复数 以sh, -ch, -s, -x 结尾的词，变复数 + es以o结尾的词，变复数+es: heroes, potatoes, tomatoes ( 黑人，土豆，西红柿)，其余以o结尾的词+s 以 f, -fe 结尾的词，f 或fe 改 v + es: wife - wives 不规则名词变化：child - children woman - women man - men tooth - teeth 当性别+职业时，两个名词同时都变复数：women teachers, men doctors* 名词所有格 -s/ -s a teachers teachers childrens* “” 连字符的作用相当于名词所有格 three-week = three weeks* 动词（作谓语）be动词：am/is/are, was/were实义动词：like, run, 助动词：do/ does/ did, have/ has + done 情态动词：can/ could, will/ would, need, dare, must, should, have/ has to, may* 情态动词 can 表能力- cant/ cannot/ can not may 表可能 should 表应该：shouldnt be allowed 不应该被允许 must 表必须- mustnt 表禁止 need 表必要- neednt 表没必要= dont have to (为对Must ? 问句的否定回答)e.g. - Must I? - No, you neednt./No, you dont have to. dare 表敢于 will 表意愿 - will not = wont所有情态动词后面所跟的动词都用原形do的形式* 使役动词 (使/让某人做某事) Let sb. do sth. make sb. do sth./ be made to do sth get sb. to do sth.* 不定代词some + thing/ body/ one, any + thing/ body/ one不定代词 + to do不定代词 + adj. (形容词后置)：something different* 基数词和序数词 基数词：one, two, three, four, five 序数词：first, second, third, fourth, fifth/twelfth (以-ve结尾，去-ve改-f加-th), eighth, ninth, twentieth (整十的数，去-y改-ie加-th)* 分数表达法 1/4：one fourth; 2/3：two thirds* 数量表达法数字+ ten/ hundred/ thousand/ million/ billion +名词复数tens/ hundreds/ thousands/ millions/ billions + of +名词复数* 祈使句 以Dont开头的都为祈使句* 反义疑问句 肯(be/情态动词/实义动词)，否(be/情态动词/助动词)？ 否(be/情态动词/实义动词，肯(be/情态动词/助动词)？ 祈使句的反义疑问句，后面用 will you?* 以-ed结尾的形容词 修饰 人 以-ing结尾的形容词 修饰 物* 感叹句 What + adj. + 不可数名词 How + adj. + (the + 不可数名词+谓语动词)e.g. What delicious food we had at your birthday party! = How delicious the food was!* 比较级与最高级： good - better - best a. well - better - best ad. bad -worse - worst a. much/ many - more - most little - less - least busy - busier - busiest 忙* 比较级(用于比较两者事物) than 用于比较级 a lot/ much/ a little/ even/ far +比较级：far less远远少于 e.g. Of the two coats, shed like to choose the cheaper one to save money for a book.* 最高级(用于比较三者或三者以上事物) one of + 最高级+可数名词复数* 最高级、序数词+ to do, 如：the best to do, the first to do* 就近原则there be 句型not only but (also) (不但而且)* 就前原则 with/ together with/ as well as e.g. I with you am (be) You with I are (be)* many + 可数名词复数 much + 不可数名词* a few + 可数名词 复数 (表肯定意思) / few + 可数名词 复数 (表否定意思) a little + 不可数名词 (表肯定意思)/ little + 不可数名词 (表否定意思)* 双宾语结构 give sth to sb = give sb sth lend sth to sb = lend sb sth 借出去 borrow sth from sb = borrow sb sth 借进来 teach sb sth* 动词不定式 to do order sb (not) to do sth 命令某人做某事 ask sb (not) to do sth 叫某人做某事 tell sb (not) to do sth 告诉某人做某事 encourage sb (not) to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 try (not) to do 尽力做某事 hope to do 希望做某事 expect sb to do 希望某人做某事 want to do sth 想要做某事 would like to do sth 想要做某事 feeling like doing sth 想要做某事，喜欢做某事 be made to do sth 被迫做某事* 时间介词：on/in/at on + 具体某一天/星期 in + 年/月/季节 at + 点钟* 时间表示法 past 超过（6字之前） to 差（6字之后）e.g. a quarter to nine 8:45 a quarter past nine 9:15 half past nine 9:30 nine twenty-seven 9:27 = twenty-seven past nine 9:27* that指代不可数名词e.g. The weather in Fuzhou is warmer than that in Beijing.(这里的that指代前面的weather, weather为不可数名词)* each of them = every of them 每一个* 也：also (用于肯定句 句中) too (用于肯定句 句末) either (用于否定句 句末)* 也是：so + 助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语 确实是：so +主语+助动词/情态动词/be动词* 提建议：How/What about + doing? 怎么样 Why not do? = Why dont you? 你为什么不?* see/ hear sb. doing sth. (正在进行时) see/ hear sb. do sth. (句中常出现often, usually, always)* in + 颜色 e.g. The girl _A_ pink is my young sister, Susan. A. in B. wears C. is wearing* Could/ Would you ? (委婉语气中，some不用改成any)* Look!/ Listen! (用进行时态)* too (太) + adj.: too big* Whats the matter (with you)? = Whats wrong? (怎么了)* Its time to do sth =Its time for + n.* Im afraid (我恐怕) Im afraid so. 我恐怕会这样。* - How soon ? In - How far ? 距离* Thank you for doing sth Thank you for sth* A be proud of B A为B感到自豪 B be the pride of A B是A的骄傲* die of 死于内因 die from 死于外因* by的用法 by bus 乘坐 by 在旁边，到为止：by the window 在窗户边上 by + doing 通过方式* every 每一(三个或以上) each 每一(两个，三个或以上) both 两个都 all 全部(三个或以上) none 没有(三个或以上) either 二者择一：either or neither 两者都不：neither nor * Summer comes after spring. 春去夏来。* enough + 名词 形容词+ enough* the + adj. 表示一类人 the rich 有钱人 the poor 穷人* provide sb with sth 提供某物给某人 provide sth for sb 为某人提供某物* so + adj. + that 如此以至于 such + adj. + that 如此以至于 too to 太而不能* nine more = another nine 又九天，再九天 other adj. 其他的 others n. 其他人或物* It is + adj. + (for sb) to do sth It is kind/ clever/ nice of sb to do sth* allow doing 允许做某事allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事sb be allowed to do sth 某人被允许做某事* alone 单独的； lonely 孤独的 stay/ live alone; feel/ be lonely* at age (在年龄) at speed of (以速度)* be used by + 人 (被某人使用) be used for + doing (被用来做) be used in (被使用在方面)* 四个花费 主语 pay 人 paidpaid: pay 钱 for sth spend 人 spentspent: spend 时间/钱 on sth spend 时间/钱 (in) doingcost 物 costcost take It/物 tooktook: It taks sb 时间/钱 to do* happen to sb 某人发生了什么事* beside 在旁边 besides 除之外还有（+） except 除之外 ()* France 法国 French 法语 Frenchman/ Frenchmen 法国人* With pleasure. 很乐意（帮助前）Its my pleasure. 不客气（帮助后）* what do with = how deal with 如何处理 what to do = how to do it 怎么办* a number of = a lot of = many (大量)+谓语动词复数 the number of（的数量）+ 谓语动词单数* both and 两者都 either or 二者择一 netither nor. 两者都不 not A but B 不是A而是B* The + 比较级，the + 比较级（越越） The more, the better.* if 条件句If (如果，为从句) , 主句 （主将从现）* when 当时 while 当时 (必须用现在进行时) 表对比 表转折，虽然* 宾语从句 1. 引导词(一个句子中只能有一个引导词，不能叠加) that 无意义，用于肯定句，通常可省略 if/ whether 是否，用于一般疑问句 wh- 特殊疑问词，用于特殊疑问句一般疑问句：Do/ Does/ Did/ Are/ Is/ Am/ Will/ Have/ Has/ 情态动词/ (一般疑问句用Yes/ No 来回答)特殊疑问句：Wh- ? What/ Who/ When/ Where/ Which/ Why/ How/ How many/ How much/ 2. 语序：陈述语序，即 引导词+主语+谓语在一般疑问句中，遇does，则去does