分享有英文定义的精准法律词汇(a-b).doc

分享有英文定义的精准法律词汇（a-b）a company duly incorporated正式注册的公司It shall be a company duly incorporated under the Company Law of Peoples Republic of Chinaa year and a day一整年a period specified as the limit of time in various legal matters, as in determining a right or a liability, to allow for a full year by any way of countinga.k.a.亦称also known asab initio从开始Latin, from the beginningab intestato无遗嘱的Latin, having made no legal willab ovo从一开始Latin, from the very beginningABA美国律师协会American Bar Associationabandoned被遗弃的left alone without being attended or supportedabandoned property遗弃物a property left behind intentionally and permanently when it appears that the former owner does not intend to take it backabandonment option放弃选择权a clause relating to the possibility of abandoning a project and terminating the contract earlier than originally plannedabate终止to suppress or end a nuisance, act, or writ, or be suppressed or endedabatement终止suppression or end a nuisance, act, or writ, or be suppressed or endedabduct诱拐to take somebody away by deceptionabduct绑架不如“kidnap”常用abduction诱拐the act of taking somebody away by deceptionabduction绑架不如“kidnapping”常用abductor绑架者one who takes somebody away by forceabductor诱拐者one who takes somebody away by deceptionabeyance所有权未定状态a condition in which legal ownership of an estate has not been establishedabeyance暂缓执行temporary inactivity or nonoperationabide遵守to comply with or act in accordance with something such as a decision or ruleability to pay支付能力the capacity of a borrower to meet payments as they become dueabode遵守the past participle, past tense of abideabolish废除to put an end to something such as a lawabolition废除the act of officially ending a law, regulation, or practiceabort堕胎to remove an embryo or fetus from the womb in order to end a pregnancyabortion堕胎an operation or other ways to end a pregnancy by removing an embryo or fetus from the wombabridge节略to shorten a text, e.g. by summarizing itabridgment摘要a shortened version of a written workabrogate取消to cancel or revoke formally or officiallyabrogation取消an official or legal cancellationabscond潜逃to run away secretly to avoid punishmentabsolute majority绝对多数the winning total of votes that amounts to more than half of the votes availableabsolvable可免除的capable of being absolvedabsolve免除to release somebody from an obligationabsolve宣告.无罪to state publicly or officially that somebody is not guilty and not to be held responsibleabstain放弃to choose not to do somethingabstract of title产权说明书the condensed history of title to a particular parcel of real estate, consisting of a summary of the original grant and all subsequent conveyances and encumbrancesabuse辱骂insulting or offensive languageabusive辱骂的characterized by insulting languageabuttals地界the boundaries of a piece of land in relation to an adjoining piece of landacceleration clause提前偿付条款a clause in the terms of a loan or mortgage stipulating that payments must be made earlier in specific circumstancesacceptance受理an offer to allow somebody to file a lawsuitacceptance承诺words signifying consent to the terms of an offer (thereby creating a contract)access进入权the right to enteraccessary从犯n&adj, somebody who aids somebody else in committing a crime or avoiding arrest but who does not participate in the crime itselfaccessary帮凶的aiding a criminal act although not participating in the crime itselfaccession财产自然增益an addition to land or property by natural increase or improvement.the owners right to the increased value of such landaccessory从的subsidiary to something more importantaccessory从犯somebody who aids somebody else in committing a crime or avoiding arrest but who does not participate in the crime itselfaccessory帮凶的aiding a criminal act although not participating in the crime itselfaccessory after the fact事后从犯somebody who helps a criminal after a crimeaccessory before the fact事前从犯somebody who incites or helps a criminal before a crimeaccessory contract从合同made for assuring the performance of a prior contract, either by the same parties or othersaccident意外an unplanned and unfortunate event that results in damage, injury, or upsetaccidental意外的happening by chance or unexpectedly or unintentionallyaccidental death意外死亡death caused by an accident rather than by natural causes, suicide, or murderaccommodate调停to settle a difference of opinion in a way that is acceptable to all those involvedaccomplice共犯a person who helps in committing a crimeaccomplice同谋“共犯”的俗称accomplished既成的fully establishedaccomplished fact既成事实an irreversible accomplishmentaccordance符合conformity with specific procedures or actionsaccordingly相应地in accordance with what has been said or with a principle or practiceaccretion添附an increase in the share of a beneficiary in an estate, as when a co-beneficiary fails to take his shareaccusation罪名a claim that somebody has done something illegal or wrongaccusation控告formal charge brought against a person stating the crime that he is alleged to have committedaccusatory控告的containing or making an accusationaccuse控告to charge somebody formally with having committed a crimeaccused被告somebody being charged with wrongdoing in a criminal caseacquaintance rape熟人*a rape committed by a perpetrator who is known to the victimacquiesce默许to agree or comply with something in a passive or reserved wayacquiescence默许acceptance without protestacquit宣告无罪to declare officially that somebody is not guilty of a chargeacquittal宣告无罪an official declaration that somebody is not guilty of a chargeact作为the action of carrying something outact法案the formally codified result of deliberation by a legislative bodyact of God天灾an event out of control of the humanacting judge代理法官a person who has been asked to step in and fill in for a Judge that is out due to unforseen problemsaction诉讼legal proceedings in a court of law to obtain compensation for sth. or to enforce a rightaction to quiet title确权诉讼measures taken through a court to establish categorically the ownership of an assetactionable可起诉的giving cause for legal actionactus reus危害行为Latin, a criminal action regarded as a constituent element of a crime, as compared with the state of mind of the perpetratorad hoc特别的for a particular purpose onlyad hoc arbitration特别仲裁为解决专门的案件，由双方当事人直接指定的或者在当事人申请的基础上由法院指定的仲裁员而特别组建的仲裁庭所进行的仲裁ad hoc judge专案法官the judge for a specific casead hominem诉诸情感的appealing to peoples emotions and prejudices instead of their ability to thinkad idem一致Latin, towards the samead infinitum无限的endlessly, or for so long as to seem endlessad interim临时adj&adv, done or created for the meantime onlyad lib即兴without any advance preparationad litem专为某一诉讼指定的appointed for a lawsuitad referendum contract草签合同a contract of no legal effectad rem中肯地to the point or purpose (formal)ad verbum逐字地Latin, word for word (formal)adat世俗法律common law in Islamic countries in Southeast Asia, as opposed to religious lawaddendum附录something that is or has been addedaddressee受送达人the person a legal document is servedadduce引证to cite (examples, etc) as evidence or proofadjourn休庭to close at the end of a sessionadjudge判决judge something in a judicial proceedingadjudication宣判the act of pronouncing judgment based on the evidence presentedadjudication判决the final judgment in a legal proceedingadjudication of bankruptcy宣告破产declaration of bankruptcyadministration遗产的处分legal disposal of a deceased persons estate or an estate held in trustadministrative infraction行政违法行为an act (action or omission) that violates the established order of state government, punishable with an administrative punishment imposed by administrative meansAdministrative Judgment No.行判字号e.g. Administrative Judgment No. 884administrative litigation行政诉讼a measure for seeking administrative relief when the petitioner thinks that the illegal administrative act of the governmentadministrator遗产管理人somebody appointed by a court to manage the estate of a deceased person, especially when there is no competent executoradministratrix女遗产管理人a woman administrator especially of an estateadmiralty海事管辖权jurisdiction over naval affairsadmissibility可采性acceptability by virtue of being admissibleadmissible可接受的(esp of evidence) capable of being or bound to be admitted in a court of lawadmission承认a confession to having committed a crime or having made a mistakeadmittance准入the permission or right to enter a placeadmitted evidence采信的证据Boards must consider admitted evidence and then compare the weight of the evidenceadopt收养to raise a child of other biological parents as if it were your own, in accordance with formal legal proceduresadopted被收养的having been taken into a specific relationshipadopted daughter养女a daughter adopted from a strange personadopted son养子a son adopted from a strange personadoption收养a legal proceeding that creates a parent-child relation between persons not related by bloodadoptive收养的acquired or related by adoptionadoptive father养父a man who adopts the child of another, treating it as his ownadoptive mother养母a woman who adopts the child of another, treating it as her ownadoptive parents养父母parents who adopt a child of other parents as their own childadvance-fee fraud预付费欺诈a confidence trick in which the target is persuaded to advance sums of money in the hope of realizing a significantly larger gainadversarial对抗的involving conflicting parties or interests, in relation to a legal proceedingadversary对抗的involving conflicting parties or interests, in relation to a legal proceedingadvocate辩护律师the usual word for barristeraffidavit宣誓书written version of sworn statementaffirm维持to judge by a higher court that the judgment of a lower court was correct and should standaffirm确认to establish as with new evidence or factsaffirm证实to make statement formally but not under oathaffirmation维持a judgment by a higher court that the judgment of a lower court was correct and should standaffirmation确认a positive statement or declaration of the truth or existence of somethingaffix加盖to add something at the end of something, e.g. a seal to a documentaffray打架a fight in a public placeaffront当众侮辱to insult or offend somebody openlyaforementioned前面提及的(chiefly in legal documents) stated or mentioned before or alreadyaforesaid前述的(chiefly in legal documents) spoken of or referred to previouslyaforesaid该above-mentionedaforethought预谋的thought about or planned beforehandagency代理a legal relationship involving a person the principal and another who acts for the person the agent, or the area of the law concerned with such relationshipsagency agreement代理协议written document containing instructions on managing ones assets during ones lifetimeagency by estoppel表见代理an agency that is imposed by law when a principal acts in such a way as to lead a third party to reasonably believe that another is the principals agentagency contract代理合同a contract that stipulates the rules of conduct and commissions paid to agentsagent代理人an individual authorized by another person (principal), to act in the latters behalfagent ad litem诉讼代理人the party appointed by the principal to represent its interests in a court case where the principal cannot be presentaggravation加重the worsening of an already bad situationaggregate corporation法人不如“corporation”常用aggrieve侵害to injure unjustly, esp by infringing a persons legal rightsagreement协议a contract or arrangement, either written or verbal and sometimes enforceable by lawaleatory contract射幸合同a contract in which the performance of one or both parties is contingent upon the occurrence of a particular eventalibi以不在犯罪现场为辩护理由defense against an accusation in which the accused person claims or proves that he or she was somewhere else at the timealienate转让to transfer the ownership of property or a right to somebodyalienation转让the transfer of property, as by conveyance or will, into the ownership of anotheralienation clause转让条款a provision in a mortgage that requires immediate payment in full upon sale of the mortgaged propertyalienee受让人somebody to whom property or a right is transferred by a legal processalimony赡养费an allowance paid under a court order by one spouse to another when they are separated but not divorcedall parties concerned有关各方Sun said China calls on all parties concerned to abide by Security Council Resolution 1860allegation声称an assertion, especially relating to wrongdoing or misconduct on somebodys part, that has yet to be provedallege声称to state or assert something, especially by accusing somebody of wrongdoing without offering proof of italleged criminal嫌疑犯somebody who is suspected of a crimeallgemeines personlichkeitsrecht一般人格权Latin, a general right of personalityalso known as亦称a phrase used before a list of names used by a specific individual in order to avoid confusion about the persons true identity or by others when referring to the individualalter更改to make or become different in some respectambiguity意义不明确vagueness or uncertainty of meaningambiguous含糊的having more than one possible interpretation or meaningambulatory可变更的(esp of a will) capable of being alteredamend修正to revise or alter formally a motion, bill, or constitutionamend修订to revise or alter formally a lawamended经过修改的having been amendedamendment修正a change or correction to the constitutionamendment修正案a statement that is added to or revises or improves a proposal or document (a bill or constitution etc)amendment修订a change or correction to a lawamends赔罪something done or paid in expiation of a wrongamentia智力缺陷severe mental deficiency, usually congenitalamiable compositeur友好调解人Amiable compositeur clauses in arbitration agreements are expressly permitted by art. 28(3) of the UNCITRAL Model Lawamicable友好的characterized by or done in friendliness, without anger or bad feelingsamicably友好地in an amicable manneramicus curiae法庭之友a legal Latin phrase that refers to somebody whose counsel provides information to a court on legal issues involved in a caseamnesty特赦a general pardon, especially for those who have committed political crimesamongst在.之间amonganalogy类推an inference that if things agree in some respects they probably agree in othersannex附件an attached documentannex附加to add or append as a condition, warranty, etcannexation附加物something annexedannexe附件a supplement to a documentannul废止to declare a legal document invalidannulment废止act of declaring a legal document invalidanonymous匿名的from or by a person, author, etc, whose name is unknown or withheldanswer被告的答辩a defendants plea in response to a charge, lawsuit, or summonsanswer on the merits答辩状In most states, lack of personal jurisdiction must be raised by motion before an answer on the merits is filedanswer with counterclaim反诉答辩状a responsive pleading, filed merely to counter petitioners complaint that initiates the civil actionante mortem生前Latin, before deathantenuptial婚前的before the marriageantinomy矛盾contradiction within a lawantitrust反垄断的intended to oppose trusts and cartels, e.g. by preventing them from using monopolistic business practices to make unfair profitsantitrust law反垄断法a law intended to promote free competition in the market place by outlawing monopoliesAON整批委托all or none orderapparent表见的appearing to be shown as a quality, feeling, or attribute but perhaps not genuineapparent agency表见代理a legal principle that an agent is deemed to have whatever power or authority a person would reasonably inferappeal上诉a request for hearing case by a higher courtAppeal Court上诉法院不如“Court of Appeal”常用appear出庭to be present in a court of law as a witness, defendant, plaintiff, or legal adviserappearance出庭attendance in court as a defendant, plaintiff, witness, or legal adviserappellant上诉人the party who appeals to a higher court from the decision of a lower tribunalappellate上诉的of or relating to appealappellate有权受理上诉的having the jurisdiction to hear appeals and review the decisions of lower courtsappellate court有权受理上诉的法院a court with the power to review and reverse the decisions of lower courtsappellate jurisdiction上诉管辖权the power vested in a court authorizing it to review the decisions of lower courtsappellee被上诉人a person who is accused or appealed againstappend附加to attach or fasten sth. to something elseappendant附件a secondary document that is attached to the main body of a legal document, e.g. a codicil altering the terms of a willapplicable适用的being appropriate or relevantapplicable law适用法律the law governs a contract or agreementapplication适用appropriateness and relevanceappoint指定to authorize a trustee to transfer trust property to beneficiariesappointment指定selection of a trustee to whom power is given to transfer trust property to beneficiariesappointor指定人somebody responsible for selecting a trustee to supervise and transfer trust propertyapportionment分配the distribution of seats in the U.S. House of Representatives or a state legislature, based proportionally on the population of states or electoral districtsapprehend逮捕to take somebody suspected of wrongdoing into legal custodyapprehension逮捕the act of taking a criminal suspect into custody (formal)apprentice lawyer实习律师Apprentice lawyer sues over leg injuryappropriation据为已有the taking of something that belongs to or is associated with somebody else,