阅读理解(全练习.docx

阅读理解中考英语“阅读理解”题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读能力、理解能力、归纳概括能力、逻辑推理能力以及对材料的评估能力等。试题中所选的阅读文章题材多样化，涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史地理、科学技术等各个方面。体裁多样化，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格等各种文体。它要求考生阅读理解准确率高、阅读速度快。大致来说，主要针对如下方面：1文章的个别词或句子；2文章的某细节或情节；3文章的主题；4文章的背景知识；5文章的结论或结局；6文章内涵的隐义或寓意等。主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读能力、理解能力、归纳概括能力、逻辑推理能力以及对材料的评估能力等。具体来讲主要有以下几种题型：（一）、直接理解性题目这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。（二）、语义理解性题目题目要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释。解答这类题目时需要对有关的上下文，甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确答案。（三）、逻辑推理性题目这种题目有一定难度，往往不能直接从文中找到答案，而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理，才能获得正确答案。（四）、归纳概括性题目要求在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章作出归纳、概括或评价。解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，比如涉及文章的标题（title）、主题（main idea）、结论（conclusion）、结局（end）等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识、科学专业知识进行逻辑思维、推理、判断，从而获取文章中内隐的信息。中考阅读题目的命制原则1考查学生在阅读中准确捕获信息的能力。这就要求通过阅读短文，运用自己所学的语法、词组、短语等方面的语言知识，根据自己的理解，掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和情节，能回答短文后面所给的问题。2要求学生既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念；既理解文章的表层意思，也理解文章的深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等“弦外之音”。3要求学生既理解某句、某段的意义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。4要求学生既能根据材料提供的信息去理解，也能结合自己应有的常识去理解。The Rat (SHU)People born under the year of the Rat are generous(宽宏大量) and easygoing (好相处)to those that they love and care for. They generally have happy and lively personalities and are very outgoing, although they lose their temper sometimes. On the whole (总的来说)they are successful in what they choose to do, full of imagination and have very good memories. The Rat is a lover of money and a hater of waste and idleness.The Rabbit (TU)People born under the year of the Rabbit dont often get into trouble and seldom make enemies. They are considerate, kind and thoughtful towards others. The Rabbit is the symbol of a long life. They are said to draw their life energy from the moon. They like an easy and good time and give good advice, although they shy away from promises.The Dog (GOU)People born under the year of the Dog seem to be liked very well as it is one of the most popular animals. Dog people are truthful and clever, with a strong sense of fairness. They never avoid their duties. They always do their fair share of things and will always “listen to reason”. They are helpful, open-minded, never envious, and have great insight into human nature.They are also brave and practical. However, if you try to look into their affairs, they can become secretive and also give a cold shoulder to those who they dont really like.Choose the best answer for each question.( )1. People born under the year of the Rat _.A. love money better than anything elseB. are hard-workingC. are good at choosing thingsD. think much but do little( )2. People born under the year of the Rabbit _.A. dont like to tell others what they thinkB. enjoy living a busy lifeC. often get on well with othersD. dont believe others promises( )3. People born under the year of the Dog _.A. like to do something secretlyB. are unhappy when others have done something betterC. often make excuses for their mistakesD. are good at seeing straight through others( )4. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Rat people can keep few things in mind.B. Rabbit people prefer the moon to the sun.C. Dog people like to look into others affairs.D. Dog people are willing to help others.( )5. What kind of people will not show their dissatisfaction to others?A. Rat people.B. Rabbit people.C. Dog people.D. All the above.Help:personality n. 个性generous adj. 慷慨的lose ones temper 发脾气idleness n. 懒惰；闲散considerate adj. 考虑周到的shy away from 躲避；羞于二The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,(犯罪) or UNODC, selected (选择)“drugs are not childs play” as the theme of its 2006 international campaign,in an effort to increase public awareness of the destructive power of drugs and societys responsibility to care for the well-being of children. (为增加公众对毒品危害的了解,和社会对儿童健康所应尽的责任而做出努力)和The latest statistics indicate (数据显示)that 200 million people, or 5 per cent of the global population aged 15-64, have consumed (消费)illicit (不法的)drugs at least once in the last 12 months. But what about children?Although they are seldom the object of national and international studies, children of all ages are affected by drug abuse(滥用) and trafficking （非法交易）. Street children, working and living in terrible conditions, are vulnerable,(易受伤害的) as are boys and girls whose family members are buying or selling illicit substances. These kids are exposed not only to bad examples but also to violent (暴力)behavior associated to drug abuse.In some instances, (例如)children have lost their parents to this scourge(灾难) and are now cared for by uncles, aunts or grandparents. At school, the situation may not be any better. Teenagers and peers （同龄人） may be pressuring kids to smoke cigarettes and drink alcohol (酒精)at first, and then to try marihuana （大麻）. Other types of drugs may follow.UNODCs anti-drugs campaign urges(要求) adults to protect children. Parents, siblings （兄弟姐妹） and other family members can ensure that a childs home is a safe environment and that children are aware of (知道)the dangers associated with drug abuse. Teachers and social workers also have a role to play by watching out for warning signs and taking measures to address any drug-related problems. For example, teachers can provide kids with information on the health risks linked to drug abuse and also give them a forum (论坛)to discuss the issue openly. Other individuals and organizations can and should also contribute to the protection of children. The media, non-governmental organizations and government institutions are among them.(媒体,非政府组织和政府机构也包括其中)consumed (消费)illicit (不法的)drugs at least once in the last 12 months. But what about children?Although they are seldom the object of national and international studies, children of all ages are affected by drug abuse(滥用) and trafficking （非法交易）. Street children, working and living in terrible conditions, are vulnerable,(易受伤害的) as are boys and girls whose family members are buying or selling illicit substances. These kids are exposed not only to bad examples but also to violent (暴力)behavior associated to drug abuse.In some instances, (例如)children have lost their parents to this scourge(灾难) and are now cared for by uncles, aunts or grandparents. At school, the situation may not be any better. Teenagers and peers （同龄人） may be pressuring kids to smoke cigarettes and drink alcohol (酒精)at first, and then to try marihuana （大麻）. Other types of drugs may follow.UNODCs anti-drugs campaign urges(要求) adults to protect children. Parents, siblings （兄弟姐妹） and other family members can ensure that a childs home is a safe environment and that children are aware of (知道)the dangers associated with drug abuse. Teachers and social workers also have a role to play by watching out for warning signs and taking measures to address any drug-related problems. For example, teachers can provide kids with information on the health risks linked to drug abuse and also give them a forum (论坛)to discuss the issue openly. Other individuals and organizations can and should also contribute to the protection of children. The media, non-governmental organizations and government institutions are among them.(媒体,非政府组织和政府机构也包括其中)Help：illicit adj. not allowed by laws or rules 违法的vulnerable adj. able to be easily physically, emotionally, or mentally hurt, influenced or attacked易伤的scourge n. something that causes a lot of harm or suffering祸端True (T) or False (F):1. 5% of the global population have ever taken illicit drugs.2. Some children can be the potential victims of drugs.3. The protection of children mainly relies on the UNODC.4. It seems that more children take drugs than adults do.Key: FTFF三(Words: about 240; Time: 3 minutes )Peking University, Tsinghua University and Zhejiang University have retained their places as the top three Chinese universities, according to a ranking guide released on May 14.The university table, which was compiled by the Wuhan-based Research Centre for China Science Evaluation in Central Chinas Hubei Province, evaluates teaching quality, staff-student rate, scientific research and school reputation.Tsinghua University, Peking University and Shanghai Jiaotong University are the top three science schools, while Peking University, Renmin University of China and Beijing Normal University are listed the best three in humanities (人文学科) and social science research.Unlike the previous two annual reports, this years guide also gave rankings for 192 specific subjects.Peking University ranked top in philosophy, Chinese literature, history, medical science and natural science. Tsinghua was the best place for engineering, Renmin University of China top choice for economics and law, Beijing Normal University best in education and psychology, while Zhejiang University was the top destination for computer studies.Qiu Junping, the centers director, said this years judgment began in November of 2005 and included 887 colleges on the Chinas mainland. Statistics used are from four major sources: government figures, international and domestic databases, government and university websites and authoritative publications.“The guide offers students a full range of information on the best schools in China,” he said. “It is an objective and detailed guide for students choosing full-time degree courses, and it also serves as a reference to government policy makers.”Help:retain v. to keep something; to continue to have something 保持;继续拥有compile v. to produce a book, list, report, etc. by bringing together different items, articles, etc. 编写Try this:1. In the comprehensive survey, _ is listed at the top of the rankings.2. According to the passage, if you want to study computer science, _ is the best choice.3. According to the passage, if you want to study both philosophy and literature, the top choice is _.(Key: 1. Peking University 2. Zhejiang University 3. Peking University)四DIn the Caucasus Mountains, nearly 50 out of every 100,000 people live to celebrate their 100th birthday, and many dont stop at 100! In American only 3 people in 100,000 reach 100. But these old people arent alone. The people who live high in the Himalaya Mountains and the Andes Mountains, seem to share（分享）the secret of long life, too.First of all, hard physical（体力的）work is a way of life for all of these long-lived people. They begin their long days of physical work as children and never seem to stop. For example, Mr. Rustam is 142 years of age. He has experienced several wars. His wife if 116 years old. They have been married for 90 year. Mr. Rustam doesnt want to stop his work as a farmer,“Why? What else would I do?” He asks. Oh, he has slowed down a bit, Now he might work for 6 hours in the field instead of 10.Another factor（因素）that may contribute to the good health of these people is their isolation. Most of them are kept off the modern world.Inherited（遗传的）factors also help. Most of the longest-lived people had parents and grandparents who also reached very old ages. So good family genes（基因）may be one factor in living longer.Finally, although these three groups dont eat exactly the same food, they eat little animal meat. Their diets are full of fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts, grains, cheese and milk, They never eat more food than body need.67.How many factors are mentioned that may contribute to the good health of these long-lived people?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five68.Which of the following contributes to the good health of all these long-lived people?A.Fresh air in the mountains.B.Hard physical work.C.Good family genes.D.The same food.69.What does the word“isolation”mean in Chinese?A.自我封闭B.与世隔绝C.独立D.淡泊70.What would be the best title（标题）for the passage?A.Good HealthB.The Old People in the MountainsC.Long-lived PeopleD.The Secret of Long LifeB）阅读下列短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题。（每小题2分）People all over the world cat rice. Millions of people in Asia, Africa and South American eat it every day of their lives. Some people eat almost nothing but rice.Rice is a kind of grass. There aremore than 7,000 kinds of rice. Farmers grow rice in many countries, even in the southern pare of the United States think that is started to grow in two places. They think that one kind of rice grew in southern Asia thousands of years ago. Someone in China wrote about it almost 5,000 years ago. Another kind probably grew in West Africa. Other scientists think that rice came form India, and Indian travelers took it to other parts of the world.These are two main ways to grow rice. Most rice grow in wet soil. People in many countries do all of the work of growing rice by hand. This is the same way farmers worked hundreds of years ago. In some countries, people now use machines on their rice farm