物理专业英语名词解释.doc

专业英语part one mechanics力学 chapter 1 kinematicsuniformly accelerated motion运动学，匀加速运动frame of reference: 参照系position vector and displacement 位置向量和位移speed velocity 速度instantaneous velocity瞬时速度velocity components速度分量acceleration 加速度graphical interpretation图像释义uniformly accelerated motion along a straight line 匀加速直线运动acceleration due to gravity (g) 重力加速度projectile problems落体问题relative motion相对运动chapter 2 dynamics- newtons laws of motion动力学 - 牛顿运动定律general properties of forces in mechanics:力的基本性质1 the law of universal gravitation万有引力定律2the weight 重量3the tensile force 拉力4the normal force 法向力5 the friction force 摩擦力6 dimensional analysis三维分析chapter 3 equilibrium平衡concurrent forces共点力are forces whose lines of action all pass through a common point. the forces acting on a point object are concurrent because they all pass through the same point, the point object.equilibrium 平衡rigid body刚体the torque (or moment) 转矩或力矩the two conditions for equilibrium 平衡的两个条件the center of gravity 重心axis轴chapter 4 work and energy功和能kinetic energy (ke) 动能conservative force保守力 gravitational (weight) potential energy (peg) 重力（重量）势能 elastic potential energy 弹性势能the efficiency 效率chapter 5 impulse and momentumthe linear momentum 冲量与动量an impulse 冲量collisions and explosions碰撞和爆炸a perfectly elastic collision 完全弹性碰撞coefficient of restitution恢复系数the center of mass重心chapter 6 rotation转动the angular speed 角速度the angular acceleration 角加速度tangential 【数】切线;正切centripetal acceleration ( )加速度the centripetal force 向心力chapter 7 rigid-body rotation刚体转动the moment of inertia 转动惯量parallel-axis theorem平行轴定理chapter 8 elasticity弹性elasticity弹性;弹力the stress 【物】应力ucstrain 应变the elastic limit弹性极限the shear modulus 切变模量standard atmospheric pressure标准大气压the hydrostatic pressure静水压力equation of continuity连续性方程the viscosity 粘度spring弹簧a restoring force 恢复力simple harmonic motion 简谐运动vibratory motion 振动运动the period ( ) 【数】循环节;周期the frequency ( ) 频率the elastic potential energy 弹性势能the simple pendulum 单摆chapter 11 wave motion波动a propagating wave 波传播wave terminology波术语in-phase vibrations同相振动standing waves驻波conditions for resonance共振的条件longitudinal (compressional) waves 纵向（挤压）波chapter 12 sound声音the intensey （i） 强度loudness 响度beats节拍doppler effect 多普勒效应interference effects 干扰效应part two thermodynamics热力学chapter 1 the kinetic theory of gases第1章气体动力学理论avogadros number ( ) 阿伏伽德罗数（）the root mean square speed根均方速度the absolute temperature绝对温度the mean free path (m.f.p.) 平均自由程（m.f.p.）the equipartition theorem of energy 能量均分定理ideal gas law理想气体定律heat 热the internal energy 内部能量an isobaric process is a process carried out at constant pressure. 等压过程是恒压进行的过程。an isovolumic process is a process carried out at constant volume等容过程是在定容进行了过程an isothermal process is a constant-temperature process. 等温过程，是一个恒温的过程。an adiabatec process is one in which no heat is transferred to or from the system. 绝热过程是一个在无热量或从系统中转移到。 specific heats of gases比热气体specific heat ratio ( )比热比（）entropy熵 disorder无序the most probable state 最概然状态part three electromagnetism电磁electric charge电荷electrostatic field静电场superposition principle叠加原理equipotential surface等势面potential gradiant电势梯度dielectrics电介质electrostatic induction静电感应capacitance电容parallel-plate capacitor平行板电容器polarization极化resistance电阻ammeter and voltmeter电流表和电压表resistivity电阻率magnetic phenomena磁现象the magnetic moment磁矩torque on a flat coil平面线圈上的扭矩magnetic permeability磁导率electromagnetic induction电磁感应inductance 电感self-inductance 自感mutual inductance互感inductor 电感器electric generators 发电机electric motors电机alternating current交流电the impedance ( ) . 阻抗（z）。resonance共振a transformer 变压器part four optics光学geometrical optics几何光学electromagnetic radiation电磁辐射plane mirrors平面镜spherecal mirrors 球面镜mirror equation镜公式refraction折射par t5 -chapter 3 the structure of atoms原子结构postulate公理the spectral lines 谱线energy-level diagrams能级图emission of light光发射absorption of light光的吸收multielectron atoms多电子原子a neutral atom中性原子the pauli exclusion principle泡利不相容原理index of refraction ( )折射率（n）critical angle临界角a prisim 棱镜thin lense薄透镜magnifying glass放大镜a microscope显微镜a telescope望远镜interference 干涉diffraction衍射coherent waves 相干波single-slit diffraction单缝衍射limit of resolution 极限分辨率diffraction grate衍射光栅optical path length光程part five modern physics近代物理the special theory of relativity狭义相对论simultaneity同时性proper time 固有时间time dilation时间膨胀length contraction长度收缩velocity addition formula速度加法公式chapter 2 quant