2008全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语在.doc

Section I Use of English 英语运用（完型填空）（共20题）Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank. (10 points) 说明：阅读下面的文章并为每个空格选出最佳单词。（每小题0.5分，共计10分） 注意：本题只有一个正确选项。A UFO is a general term used for any “unidentified flying object” in the sky which cannot be _1_ by an observer. Most UFOs remain _2_ as so even after they have been investigated. The UFO phenomenon dates back _3_the beginning of recorded history, but UFO sightings have _4_increased since the mid 1940s. From UFO videos to UFO pictures, stories and other real life_5_, thousands of people from all _6_of life claim to have seen these mysterious aerial phantoms. Many UFO sightings turn out to be nothing at all, mere airplanes, meteors or comets; _7_many sightings have gone unsolved for decades or even centuries. The term “flying saucer” came into _8_use after American Kenneth Arnold claimed a UFO sighting on June 24, 1947 near Mount Rainier, Washington. Arnold claimed to have seen as many as nine brightly lit objects soaring _9_ the sky_10_he estimated as up to 1200 miles per hour. Arnold also reported that the objects appeared to have a disc or “saucer” _11_. _12_final conclusion has ever been reached in the case. One of the most famous UFO incidents to date also occurred in 1947 in Roswell, New Mexico. _13_unidentified debris was recovered from the _14_ of a Roswell ranch, the Roswell Army Airfield _15_ a statement saying that a “flying disk” had been discovered. The airfield_16_the statement just hours later, claiming it was just a weather balloon. This sparked_17_and nation-wide rumors of an alleged government_18_of an alien UFO that had crashed in the New Mexico desert. No_19_proof has been produced to this day to_20_that theory. 1. A UFO is a general term used for any “unidentified flying object” in the sky which cannot be _1_ by an observer. (0.5分)A. found B. discerned C. discovered D. decided2. Most UFOs remain _2_ as so even after they have been investigated. (0.5分) A. classified B. interesting C. scientific D. fantastic3. The UFO phenomenon dates back _3_the beginning of recorded history, but UFO sightings have _4_increased since the mid 1940s. (0.5分) A. as long as B. so farC. as far as D. so long4. The UFO phenomenon dates back _3_the beginning of recorded history, but UFO sightings have _4_increased since the mid 1940s. (0.5分)A. strictly B. rarely C. significantly D. exceptionally5. From UFO videos to UFO pictures, stories and other real life_5_, thousands of people from all _6_of life claim to have seen these mysterious aerial phantoms. (0.5分)A. reasons B. considerations C. explanations D. accounts6. From UFO videos to UFO pictures, stories and other real life_5_, thousands of people from all _6_of life claim to have seen these mysterious aerial phantoms. (0.5分)A. kinds B. walks C. groups D. ways7. Many UFO sightings turn out to be nothing at all, mere airplanes, meteors or comets; _7_many sightings have gone unsolved for decades or even centuries. (0.5分) A. however B. therefore C. moreover D. indeed8. The term “flying saucer” came into _8_use after American Kenneth Arnold claimed a UFO sighting on June 24, 1947 near Mount Rainier, Washington. (0.5分)A. exclusive B. popular C. normal D. explicit9. Arnold claimed to have seen as many as nine brightly lit objects soaring _9_ the sky_10_he estimated as up to 1200 miles per hour. (0.5分)A. in B. from C. on D. across10. Arnold claimed to have seen as many as nine brightly lit objects soaring _9_ the sky_10_he estimated as up to 1200 miles per hour. (0.5分)A. on speeds B. with speeds C. at speeds D. in speeds11. Arnold also reported that the objects appeared to have a disc or “saucer” _11_. (0.5分)A. attribute B. appearance C. nature D. icon12. _12_final conclusion has ever been reached in the case. (0.5分)A. Many B. Few C. Some D. No13. _13_unidentified debris was recovered from the _14_ of a Roswell ranch, the Roswell Army Airfield _15_ a statement saying that a “flying disk” had been discovered. (0.5分)A. After B. Unless C. If D. Once14. _13_unidentified debris was recovered from the _14_ of a Roswell ranch, the Roswell Army Airfield _15_ a statement saying that a “flying disk” had been discovered. (0.5分)A. occupancy B. possession C. ownership D. property15. _13_unidentified debris was recovered from the _14_ of a Roswell ranch, the Roswell Army Airfield _15_ a statement saying that a “flying disk” had been discovered. (0.5分)A. got B. issued C. reached D. fixed16. The airfield_16_the statement just hours later, claiming it was just a weather balloon. (0.5分)A. restated B. stressed C. retracted D. retreated17. This sparked_17_and nation-wide rumors of an alleged government_18_of an alien UFO that had crashed in the New Mexico desert. (0.5分)A. general B. local C. particular D. worthy18. This sparked_17_and nation-wide rumors of an alleged government_18_of an alien UFO that had crashed in the New Mexico desert. (0.5分)A. cover-all B. cover-point C. cover-cap D. cover-up19. No_19_proof has been produced to this day to_20_that theory. (0.5分)A. original B. definitive C. tentative D. derivative20. No_19_proof has been produced to this day to_20_that theory. (0.5分)A. surpass B. deny C. support D. apprehend Section Reading ComprehensionPart A阅读理解Part A（共20题）Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, and D. (40 points)说明：阅读下面四篇文章并回答每篇文章后面的问题。（每小题2分，共计40分）注意：本题只有一个正确选项。Text 1Influenza A (H5N1) is an influenza A virus subtype that occurs mainly in birds and is highly contagious among birds. Outbreaks of highly pathogenic H5N1 among poultry and wild birds are ongoing in a number of countries. H5N1 does not usually infect people, however, a small number of human cases of H5N1 infection have been reported in association with these outbreaks. Most of these cases have occurred from direct or close contact with infected poultry or contaminated surfaces. And while the H5N1 virus does not now infect people easily, infection in humans is very serious when it occurs; so far, about half of people reported infected have died. The avian influenza A (H5N1) epizootic in Asia and parts of Europe, the Near East, and Africa is not expected to diminish significantly in the short term. It is likely that H5N1 infection among birds has become endemic in certain areas and that human infections resulting from direct contact with infected poultry and/or wild birds will continue to occur. So far, the spread of H5N1 virus from person-to-person has been rare, limited and unsustained. No evidence for genetic reassortment between human and avian influenza A virus genes has been found; however, this epizootic continues to pose an important public health threat. There is little pre-existing natural immunity to H5N1 infection in the human population. If these H5N1 viruses gain the ability for efficient and sustained transmission among humans, an influenza pandemic could result, with potentially high rates of illness and death. In addition, genetic sequencing of influenza A (H5N1) viruses from human cases in Vietnam and Thailand shows resistance to the antiviral medications amantadine and rimantadine, two of the medications commonly used for treatment of influenza. This would leave two remaining antiviral medications (oseltamivir and zanamivir) that should still be effective against currently circulating strains of H5N1 virus. Efforts to produce vaccine candidates that would be effective against avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses are under way. However, it will likely require many months before such vaccines could be mass produced and made widely available.Research suggests that currently circulating strains of H5N1 viruses are becoming more capable of causing disease (pathogenic) in animals than were earlier H5N1 viruses. One study found that ducks infected with H5N1 virus are now shedding more virus for longer periods without showing symptoms of illness. This finding has implications for the role of ducks in transmitting disease to other birds and possibly to humans as well. Additionally, other findings have documented H5N1 infection among pigs in China and H5N1 infection in felines (experimental infection in housecats in the Netherlands and isolation of H5N1 viruses in tigers and leopards in Thailand).In addition, in early March 2006, Germany reported H5N1 infection in a stone marten (a weasel-like mammal). The avian influenza A (H5N1) virus that emerged in Asia in 2003 continues to evolve and may adapt so that other mammals may be susceptible to infection as well.1. What can be inferred from paragraph 1? (2分)A. Human beings are easily to take contagion.B. Influenza A virus may have other subtypes.C. H5N1 virus is fatal to human beings. D. Eating the infected poultry will definitely cause disease.2. The word “epizootic” (Line 1, Paragraph 2) most probably means _. (2分)A. human diseaseB. influenceC. lethal virusD. animal outbreak3. Influenza A (H5N1) viruses show resistance to two of the commonly used medications for treatment of influenza, so_. (2分)A. the virus is more easily to transmit from animals to human beingsB. other antiviral medications will lose their effectiveness in the near futureC. the virus continues to evolveD. it is necessary to produce vaccine candidates against the virus4. The study on ducks infected with H5N1 virus does not show that_. (2分)A. during a long time period, the ducks are carrying virus without being aware by peopleB. the ducks are more susceptible to infectionC. human cases of H5N1 infection may result from direct contact with the infected ducksD. the influenza viruses have the ability to change5. Which of the following is not true according to the text? (2分)A. The virus may begin to spread more easily from person to person.B. The worldwide epizootic will not decrease immediately.C. Human beings get infected because of the genetic reassortment.D. The epizootic has caused tremendous fear among people.Text 2Critics and admirers of D.C. School Superintendent Clifford B. Janey describe him the same way: a bright educator who has good ideas but implements them too slowly. Whether he is the right person to continue to lead the schools is up to Mayor Adrian M. Fenty (D). The sooner he answers the question, the better.Legislation giving control of the schools to the mayor is still pending in Congress and then must be signed by President Bush. Mr. Fenty has said he wont make a decision about Mr. Janey until he is officially given control of the schools. His caution is understandable, but this limbo is unhealthy, not just for the superintendent but also for the 55,000 students who will be starting a new school year in little more than three months. Just as Mr. Fenty didnt wait until he was officially mayor to render his opinion on the police chief or to name his city administrator, he shouldnt hesitate with his schools chief.In fact, most observers are saying Mr. Fenty has already made up his mind - that there is little chance that Mr. Janey will be his chancellor under the new system of school governance. While there would be advantages to retaining Mr. Janey - continuity and his knowledge of the issues - his lack of urgency in bringing about change has been troubling. Too many good ideas have been allowed to languish. Mr. Fenty is staking his political future on improving the schools, so its only right that he choose someone who he is convinced can do the job. Names have already started to surface: Foremost is that of Rudolph F. Rudy Crew, the former New York City schools chancellor and now Miami-Dade (Fla.) superintendent, who enchanted city officials three years ago before he withdrew his name from consideration. Mr. Crew is involved in an ugly power struggle in Miami, and his indiscreet boasting that D.C. officials were again interested in him should give Mr. Fenty pause.So what should Mr. Fenty be looking for? We posed that question to a wide range of education advocates, civic activists and city leaders. Certain attributes appeared with regularity. At the top of everyones list was an ability to manage - and fix - complex systems. Interestingly, this was deemed much more important than a background in education. Also key is a willingness to implement the existing master education plan. The last thing the District needs is more time lost as yet another educator tries to come up with a plan on which to stamp his or her name. Being accessible and communicative were also cited as vital qualities.Mr. Fenty has shown, by some of his previous appointments, a willingness to break the traditional mold, and that fresh approach could serve him well. No doubt the decision he makes in the coming weeks will be one of the most important of his administration. But lets not make the mistake of thinking that one person will ride into the city and be able to fix everything. The system and the culture of the schools have to change. That means principals having the power to control what goes on in their schools, radical changes in the way teachers are assigned and compensated, and a basic reordering of a bureaucracy that has a stake in the status quo.1. The word “limbo” (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means_. (2分) A. administrationB. intermediaryC. legislationD. emergency2. According to most peoples opinion, Mr. Fenty should not choose someone_. (2分) A. who has the ability to manage complicated systemsB. who has the willingness to implement the existing master education planC. who tries to come up with a plan on which to stamp his or her nameD. who is accessible and communicative3. What is the authors attitude towards the government? (2分)A. PraisefulB. SupportiveC. WrathfulD. Negative4. Which of the following is the best title for this text? (2分)A. What Should Mr. Fenty Be Looking for?B. A Bright but Slow Educator.C. Time to Decide.D. Education Reform is Imperative.5. From the text we can infer that_. (2分)A. Mr. Fenty is eager to change D.C. Schools current situationB. the mayor has got the authority to control the schoolsC. Mr. Crew will be the next D.C. School SuperintendentD. Mr. Janey has great minds but does littleText 3Mother tongue, other tongue-they may all sound like gobbledygook to babies, but new research shows that infants can tell if someone switches to an unfamiliar language just by studying the speakers face. The babies apparently rely on how the face moves, not just the sound of the words, to pick up on a foreign language. Further, scientists found, infants will likely lose that knack before their first birthday if theyre not in a bilingual family that constantly exposes them to language switching. Even if they dont understand the words, babies notice when they hear an unfamiliar language, many studies have shown. Whitney Weikum, a doctoral student studying linguistics development in infants at the University of British Columbia (UBC) in Vancouver, Canada, wondered if they could tell just by looking. To test this theory, Weikum, cognitive development psychologist Janet Werker, also of UBC, and their colleagues turned to infants aged 4, 6, or 8 months. Twenty-four of the babies came from homes where parents spoke both English and French, and 36 others had English-speaking parents. The babies watched muted video clips of people speaking English and then switching to French. The team found that when the 4- and 6-month-olds grew used to watching a clip of one language, they would quickly tire of seeing it onscreen. But they would pay attention to the other language for longer whether their home was bilingual or not, indicating that they noticed a difference. That changed by 8 months. There, babies from monolingual homes spent as little time watching someone speak the second language as the first. But bilingual 8-month-olds kept watching after the language switched, indicating that they always noticed a difference. A control group of 36 babies exposed to video clips of different English sentences confirmed that the variation in attention span among the other babies was due to language, not what was being said. We were surprised by the decline at 8 months, says Weikum. We went into it expecting their ability to improve over the first year of life and continue to do it as adults. She notes that this waning points to use-it-or-lose-it programming: Theyve only seen one language, so they never need to figure out what the other one is. The team reports their findings in the 25 May Science. Its a surprise that babies tune their language development not only to sounds they hear, but also to speech they see, says Olivier Pascalis, a language development specialist at University of Sheffield, U.K. Erin Hannon, a development psychologist at Harvard University, finds it even more interesting that the babies lose the ability, because she thought it would remain as the babies became more comfortable understanding their native language. Weikum says she is planning to investigate whether the babies are attuned to the rhythmic differences or to the face shape characteristic of syllables.1. What can be inferred from the first two paragraphs? (2分)A. Babies living in monolingual families will lose the ability to tell a different language before one year old.B. Babies can notice the language switching by studying the face of the s