AAMA 501---2007中英.doc

AAMA 501.5-07Test Method for ThermalCycling of Exterior Walls1.0 SCOPE . 12.0 SUMMARY OF TEST METHOD . 13.0 SIGNIFICANCE AND USE . 14.0 REFERENCED STANDARDS . 25.0 APPARATUS . 26.0 TEST SPECIMENS . 37.0 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS . 38.0 PROCEDURE . 39.0 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS . 410.0 TEST REPORT . 4AAMA. The Source of Performance Standards. Products Certification andEducational Programs for the Fenestration Industry.All AAMA documents may be ordered at our web site in the “Publications Store”.2007 American Architectural Manufacturers Association These printed orelectronic pages may NOT be reproduced, republished and distributed in anyformat without the express written consent of the American ArchitecturalManufacturers Association.This document was developed by representative members of AAMA asadvisory information and published as a public service. AAMA DISCLAIMS ALLWARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS INFORMATION, INCLUDING ALLIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NOEVENT SHALL AAMA BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER FROMTHE USE, APPLICATION OR ADAPTATION OF MATERIALS PUBLISHEDHEREIN. It is the sole responsibility of the user/purchaser to evaluate theaccuracy, completeness or usefulness of any information, opinion, advice orother content published herein.AAMA 501.5-07ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED: 1998PRECEDING DOCUMENT: 501.5-98REVISED: 4/07PUBLISHED: 4/07American Architectural Manufacturers Association1827 Walden Office Square, Suite 550, Schaumburg, IL 60173PHONE (847) 303-5664 FAX (847) 303-5774EMAIL WEBSITE AAMA 501.5-07 Page 1 第一页1.0 SCOPE范围1.1 OBJECTIVES AND LIMITATIONS目标和局限性This test method provides a standard laboratory procedure for evaluation of thermal cycling effects on large exterior wall mock-ups, components and cladding. This test method utilizes convective hot air to achieve the exterior air temperature setpoint. The convective hot air exposure method usually provides a more severe test than infrared radiation methods because it elevates the exterior air temperature to levels that are not obtainable in real world conditions. This method is not intended for the evaluation of individual components such as windows and doors.本检测方法为大面积外墙样板、构件和围护热循环效果评估提供了标准的实验室检测程序。此检测方法通过对流热空气以达到外部气温控制。对流热空气暴露测试方法通常会提供等比红外线辐射更严格的测试，因为该方法将外部气温提高到现实条件中所不可达到的水平上。该方法不用于独立构件如窗、门等的评估。Thermal cycling is conducted to evaluate an exterior wall systems ability to maintain acceptable performance characteristics after being subjected to a specified number and range of thermal cycles. The primary performance evaluations to determine the effects of thermal cycling are measured by testing air leakage (ASTM E 283) and water penetration (ASTM E 331) before and after thermal cycling. Other tests may be used to characterize the system performance but they must be specified in the contract documents.热循环是用于评估外墙系统在受到一定量和级别的热周期后，仍能保持一定的性能特征的能力。决定热循环效果的初级性能评估是通过测试热循环之前和之后的漏气（ASTM E283）和渗水（ASTM E331）情况进行的。其他测试可能会用来鉴定系统性能的，但是此类测试需在合同文件中明确标出。This test method shall not be used for condensation or dewpoint performance evaluation because of the many uncontrollable test variables associated with large wall mock-ups that prevent standardization and reproducibility. These test variables affect air flow and ambient air conditions that are necessary to reproduce standard exterior and interior air films and are difficult to control in multi-story mock-ups. It is not unusual to experience ambient air temperatures within a 3C ( 5F) range which may result in surface temperatures with a similar range. Consequently, the thermal cycling tests results will not have the accuracy or reproducibility of AAMA 1503. If condensation resistance or dewpoint performance is required, the AAMA 1503 test method shall be used.由于与大型样板相关的不可控制的测试变量很多，影响了标准化和再现性，此测试方法不得用于冷凝或露点性能评估。这些测试变量影响了再生标准外部和内部气膜所必须的气流和周边空气条件，使得很难控制多层样板。周边气温在 3C ( 5F)之间是异常的，这可能会导致表面温度也会在 3C ( 5F)之间。这样AAMA热循环测试的结果就不精确或不具备再现性。如果要求阻凝或露点性能，则用AAMA1503测试方法。1.2 The primary units of measure in this document are metric. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for reference only.本问价中原度量单位是米制的。SI单位中规定的值作为标准，括号中的值仅为参考。1.3 EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR TEMPERATURES外部和内部温度The specified shall determine the extreme design temperatures for the project, including exterior surface temperature due to solar radiation.应明确规定项目的极限设计温度，包括因太阳辐射而造成的外部表层温度。NOTE 1: If no temperatures are specified, the default values outlined in Section 8.4 shall be utilized.备注1：如果未规定温度，则使用第8.4章中的默认值。1.4 DURATION AND NUMBER OF CYCLES持续时间和循环周期The specifier shall consult with the testing laboratory regarding any unusual construction. Metal and glass walls may reach equilibrium in a relatively short time. Walls containing masonry and concrete elements may require longer periods to reach stabilized heat transfer conditions. Unless otherwise specified, the minimum number of complete thermal cycles shall be three.建筑规范专家商定异常建筑的实验室测试。金属和玻璃可能在短期内达到均衡。有砖石和混凝土的墙体可能需要更长的时间段来稳定传热条件。除非另有规定，否则完整的热循环数量最小应为三。1.5 TEMPERATURE CONTROLS AND TOLERANCES温度控制和容差The testing laboratory shall have experience in thermal testing and control as required, to provide a range of interior and exterior temperatures that can be maintained within the specified tolerance. A tolerance of 3C ( 5F) shall be acceptable.根据要求，测试实验室需具备热测试和控制经验，提供一定范围的内部和外部温度，温度能在规定的容差内保持稳定。 3C ( 5F)容差都是可以接受的。2.0 SUMMARY OF TEST METHOD测试方法概要2.1 This test method consists of sealing a test specimen into the opening of a structural test chamber. The outdoor side of the specimen shall be enclosed with an insulated chamber which shall be equipped with a means to lower and elevate the ambient temperature. The indoor side shall be equipped with a means to monitor relative humidity and temperature. The thermal cycling test shall be conducted after air infiltration and water resistance tests on, and visual examination of, the mock-up have been successfully completed. Additional air infiltration and water resistance tests, and visual examination, shall be conducted after thermal cycling to determine if any temperature related degradation has occurred.测试方法包括将试样密封到结构测试开口。试样外侧应以隔热结构封住，隔热结构需配备能降低或提高周边温度的设备。内侧需配备监测相对湿度和温度的设备。热循环测试应在防漏气和防水测试和肉眼检查样板顺利完成之后进行。其他的防漏气渗漏和防水测试、肉眼检测应在热循环之后进行，以确定是否发生温度相关的降解现象。2.2 Reusable insulated chambers may be constructed to enclose smaller mock-ups. Insulated temporary walls may be required for very large mock-ups and mock-ups of special geometry. In either event, the testing laboratory must provide temperature measurement and controls to prevent local cold or hot spots on the exterior and interior of the mock-up.可重复使用的隔热结构可通过建造，用来包围更小的样板。可能要求临时隔热墙，以便大型样板或特殊几何形状的样板监测使用。如果是任何一种情况，测试实验室需提供问题测量和控制以便防止样板外部和内部的局部冷点或热点。3.0 SIGNIFICANCE AND USE重要性和用途3.1 This test method provides a procedure which architects and specifiers may use for evaluation of possible detrimental effects resulting from thermal cycling of exterior walls, particularly as these effects may relate to air and water infiltration performance.此测试方法为建筑师和建筑规范专家提供了程序，此程序用于检测由外墙热循环导致的可能存在的有害影响，特别是与空气和水渗透性能相关的影响。3.2 Testing organizations using this test method shall have personnel knowledgeable in heat transfer, fluid mechanics, instrumentation and other specific requirements for the range of test methods referenced. Testing personnel shall have knowledge of the exterior wall systems being tested.使用该测试方法的测试单位的人员需具备热传递、液体力学、使用仪器和其他采用的测试方法的特定要求方面的知识。测试人员需对要测试的外墙系统进行了解。3.3 This test method is limited to temperature cycling factors which affect the performance of exterior wall systems. This test method is recommended for products and/or materials which may be sensitive to the specified temperatures specified herein.本测试方法仅限于影响外墙系统的温度周期变化因素，建议用于检测对本文件中规定的温度敏感的材料和/或产品。3.4 Currently, no correlation data exists relating this test method to field performance. However it is intended to simulate, in a given period of time, the maximum temperature range the wall may experience.当前仍无与该测试方法现场性能相关的数据。但是，试图通过该测试方法模拟，在给出的一段时间内，墙体所能承受的最大温度范围。3.5 In this test method, specimens are subjected to only one of any number of laboratory temperature cycling conditions. Therefore the results are valid only for the conditions specified.在本测试方法中，试样仅为众多实验室温度循环条件中的其中起一个，因此不同规定的条件会产生不同的试验结果。4.0 REFERENCED STANDARDS参考标准4.1 References to the standards listed below shall be to the edition indicated. Any undated reference to a code or standard appearing in the requirements of this standard shall be interpreted as to referring to the latest edition of that code or standard.参考标准需为一下列表中指定的版本。本标准中要求的任何未注明日期的参考规范或标准，应以最新规范或标准为准。4.2 American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA)美国建筑制造商协会AAMA 1503, Voluntary Test Method for Thermal Transmittance and Condensation Resistance of Windows, Doors and Glazed Wall Sections.AAMA 1503，门窗幕墙传热系数和抗结露性能的测试方法自动检测标准。4.3 ASTM International (ASTM)ASTM国际标准ASTM E 230, Standard Specification and Temperature- Electromotive Force (EMF) Tables for Standardized ThermocouplesASTM 230，标准化热电偶用温度电动势(EMF)图表和标准规范。ASTM E 283, Standard Test Method for Determining the Rate of Air Leakage through Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under Specified Pressure Differences Across the SpecimenASTM283，在通过样板的规定压力差下，通过外部门窗、幕墙的漏气速率标准测试方法。ASTM E 331, Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls by Uniform Static Air Pressure DifferenceASTM 331，用统一的静态气压查法测定外窗、天窗、门和幕墙渗水度的测试方法标准4.4 American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) 美国采暖、制冷与空调工程师协会ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals ASHRAE基本手册5.0 APPARATUS仪器5.1 SUITABLE APPARATUS适当的仪器The description of the apparatus in this section is general. Any suitable arrangement capable of maintaining the required test conditions and tolerances shall be permitted.本章关于仪器的描述仅为概述。允许使用任何能够保持所要求的测试条件和容差的适当装置。5.2 PORTION OF MOCK-UP TO BE TESTED待测试的样板部分Thermal cycling tests are often performed on large full-scale curtain wall mock-ups. The mock-ups are usually multi-story and require test chambers which simulate the structure and floor edge conditions of the project. It is intended to have a thermal cycling chamber of sufficient size to enclose the entire performance mock-up. However, on extremely large mock-ups nominally larger than 6 m x10 m (20 ft x 32 ft) the available thermal test chamber may not fully enclose the entire performance mock-up. 热循环测试通常在大型的整块幕墙样板上进行。样板通常为多层的，要求测试部分需模仿项目结构和楼层边缘情况。样板需有一个足够包围整个执行样板的热循环区。但是对于及其大型的样板名以上大于6 m x10 m(20 ft x 32 ft)，现有的热测试区也许不能全部覆盖整个执行样板。In such instances, the testing facility shall consult with the project design professional and the wall provider to identify a representative area of the mock-up to be the portion subjected to thermal cycling. Any subsequent air or water performance testing shall be evaluated over the entire performance mock-up unless otherwise specified.在此情况下，测试设备需充分考虑项目专业设计和前面建造者以确定一块样板区，作为热循环测试区域。除非另有规定，否则任何相关的空气或水性能测试需在完全检测整个测试样板之后方可进行。5.3 TEMPERATURE CONTROL温度控制The test apparatus shall control the average temperature within 3C (5F) of the specified setpoints. The weather side shall be permitted to be cooled and heated in any manner that is capable of maintaining the required temperatures during the test. However, precautionary measures need to be taken to avoid having abnormally high glass surface temperatures. The test specimen shall be protected from direct exposure to the heating and cooling medium.测试仪器需将平均温度控制在规定的3C (5F)温度范围内。上风方面需允许任何形式的冷却或加热，以保持测试中所要求的温度。但是，要采取预防措施避免反常的玻璃表面高温。应采取措施，保护测试样板直接接触加热和冷却介质。5.4 INDOOR HUMIDITY室内湿度The indoor relative humidity levels are not specified. 对于室内相对湿度水平尚无明确规定。NOTE 2: High indoor relative humidity conditions should be avoided so as not to cause severe condensation, frost or ice accumulation on the interior surface of the specimen which could affect the validity of the air and water tests.备注2：应避免室内高相对湿度条件而造成的试样内部表面严重结露、结霜或结冰现象，从而影响到空气和水测试的有效性。5.5 AIR CIRCULATION空气循环Precise calibration of wind velocities shall not be required for the thermal cycling tests. Air circulation shall be required to minimize temperature stratification and fluctuation of temperatures. This shall be permitted to be accomplished by directing airflow either parallel or perpendicular to the specimens indoor and weather side surfaces.热循环测试不要求精确的风速标准，要求空气循环以将温差层和温度波动最小化。这就需要允许直接气流平行或垂直穿过试样室内或上风表面来完成。5.6 TEMPERATURE MEASURING EQUIPMENT温度测试设备Exterior air and exterior surface temperatures as well as interior air temperatures shall be measured by thermocouples of wire not larger than 24 AWG gage and which meet, or are calibrated, in accordance with ASTM E 230. The surface thermocouples shall be taped tightly to the surface with a 32 mm (1 in) long piece of aluminum foil tape with a flat, painted finish. The emissivity of the paint shall be similar to the emissivity of the test surface.外部空气、外部表面温度和内部气温应用不大于24AWG标准度量的和满足或达到ASTM E230标准的热电偶线来进行测试。表面热电偶需用一块32 mm (1 in)长的铝箔片捆紧，表面平整并做着色处理。5.6.1 Pressure shall be applied to the tape until it is evident the thermocouple is in direct contact with the surface. Other surface temperature measuring methodology, such as noncontact pyrometers, shall be permitted to be utilized as long as the accuracy meets or exceeds that of ASTM E 230.对滤铝箔片施加压力，直到热电偶直接接触表面为止。其他表面温度测试方法，比如不直接接触的高温计，只有在仪器精确度达到或超过ASTM E230标准时才允许使用。5.6.2 The test laboratory shall measure exterior surface temperatures at all typical framing members and glazing infill conditions. A parallel set of interior surface temperatures shall not be required for this test method but may be useful in the evaluation of the wall. The ambient air thermocouples shall be shielded from radiation and be positioned at least 75 mm (3 in) away from the wall specimen, at locations as determined by the test laboratory to be representative for the chamber being used.测试实验室需测试所有典型的框架构件和玻璃空隙情况的外部表面温度。此测试方法不要求类似的一套内部表面温度数据，但是在测试墙体是也许会很有用。外界空气热电偶需于远离辐射，并置于离墙体试样至少75mm（3 in）的地方，具体位置由实验室决定一块具有代表性的测试区域。5.6.3 It is recommended that at least three thermocouples be used to measure the chamber air temperature; with one located at the low, mid and high regions of the chamber.建议至少使用三个热电偶测试试样区域的气温，三个热电偶分别置于测试区的低、中、高部位。5.6.4 The average of the weather side ambient air thermocouples shall be used for controlling and measuring the specified test conditions.上风方向的外界空气热电偶平均值应用来控制和测量特定的测试条件。6.0 TEST SPECIMENS测试试样6.1 Exterior wall test specimens shall be of sufficient size to determine the performance of all typical parts, including corners if applicable, of the system. For curtain walls or walls constructed with prefabricated units, the specimen width shall not be less than two typical units, plus the connections and supporting elements at both sides, and of sufficient size to provide full loading on at least one typical vertical framing member, including end joints. 外墙测试试样尺寸需足够大，以测定所有重要部分的性能，包括系统的适当角落。对于用预制单元建造的幕墙或墙，试样宽度应不小于两个单元体，加上两边的连接处和支撑结构，该尺寸需能承受至少一个垂直框架构件，包括端接的全荷载。The height shall be not less than two full building story heights or the height of two full panels, whichever is greater, and shall include at least one joint accommodating vertical expansion, and all connections at the top and bottom of the units. When the project assembly is less than two stories, the full height shall be tested.高不得低于两个建筑楼层的高度或者两块全面板中较高的高度，两者取较高的一个高度，并且高度需包括至少一个能适应垂直膨胀的接口和单元顶部及底部所有连接处。当项目低于两层时，则应测试建筑的整体高度。6.2 All parts of the wall test specimen shall be full size, using the same materials, details and methods of construction and anchorage as used on the actual building.墙测试试样的各部分均需根据实际大小进行，用与实际建筑同样的材料、零件、建筑方法及锚件。6.3 Conditions of structural support shall simulate, as accurately as practical, the structural conditions of the actual building. Due to practical considerations, embedments in concrete for anchorage support shall be permitted to be simulated by steel supports.结构支撑条件需尽可能与实际建筑的结构支撑条件一致。考虑到实际情况，允许用钢支撑模拟锚支撑的混凝土预埋件。7.0 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS安全预防措施7.1 This test method does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices.本测试方法代表提出了所有与使用相关的安全问题。使用本标准的用户有责任制定适当的安全和健康规定。7.2 Extreme elevated and depressed temperatures will be encountered in this test method. Access to variable temperature chambers shall be restricted during the exposure cycles.测试中会遇到极高和极低的温度。在热循环时，需限制接触易变的温度层。8.0 PROCEDURE程序8.1 Inspect the test specimen for suitability for thermal cycling. If moving elements are present in the test specimen, operate each sash or movable element through its complete cycle five times to ensure a representative specimen is submitted for testing. Securely close and lock each operable element prior to testing.检查试样，看是否适合进行热循环测试。如果测试试样中出现可动部分，移动每一个可动部分，绕着循环五圈，以确保提交一个具有代表性的试样。在进行测试者之前，确保关闭和锁紧每一个可动部分。8.2 Prior to thermal cycling the test specimen, the uncycled specimen shall be evaluated by conducting ASTM E 283 (air leakage) and ASTM E 331 (water penetration) tests. The air leakage and water penetration tests shall be conducted at pressures specified for the project. After the air and water tests, conduct a visual examination of expos