启航教育集团内部资料之新四六级讲义_应试之王_商志_20.doc

启航教育集团内部资料之新四六级讲义 应试之王 商志 2013 年 11 月编讲1承载理想 启航未来 商志老师新浪微博：商志考研英语Part III Reading Comprehension(占710分35%=248.5分，3种题型，时间40分钟)Section A （5%710分=35.5分）Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to selectone word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bankfollowing the passage. Read the passage through carefully before makingyour choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please markthe corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a singleline through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank morethan once.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.例一One in six. Believe it or not, thats the number of Americans who struggle withhunger. To make tomorrow a little better, Feeding America, the nations largest 36hunger-relief organization, has chosen September as Hunger Action Month. As part of its30 Ways in 30 Days program, its asking 37 across the country to help the more than 200food banks and 61,000 agencies in its network provide low-income individuals andfamilies with the fuel they need to 38 .Its the kind of work thats done every day at St. Andrews Episcopal Church in SanAntonio. People who 39 at its front door on the first and third Thursdays of each montharent looking for God theyre there for something to eat. St. Andrews runs a foodpantry (食品室) that 40 the city and several of the 41 towns. Janet Drane is its manager.In the wake of the 42 , the number of families in need of food assistance began togrow. It is 43 that 49 million Americans are unsure of where they will find their next meal.Whats most surprising is that 36% of them live in 44 where at least one adult is working.It used to be that one job was all you needed, says St. Andrews Drane. The people wesee now have three or four part-time jobs and theyre still right on the edge 45 .A) accumulate B) circling C) communities D) competitionE) domestic F) financially G) formally H) gatherI) households J) recession K) reported L) reviewedM) serves N) surrounding O) survive例二启航教育集团内部资料之新四六级讲义 应试之王 商志 2013 年 11 月编讲2承载理想 启航未来 商志老师新浪微博：商志考研英语To understand why we should be concerned about how young people read, it helps toknow something about the way the ability to read evolved. Unlike the ability tounderstand and produce spoken language, the ability to read must be painstakingly 36 byeach individual. The reading circuits we construct in the brain can be 37 or they can berobust, depending on how often and how 38 we use them.The deep reader enters a state of hypnotic trance(心醉神迷的状态). When readersare enjoying the experience the most, the pace of their reading 39 slows. The combinationof fast, fluent decoding of words and slow, unhurried progress on the page gives deepreaders time to enrich their reading with reflection and analysis. It gives them time toestablish an 40 relationship with the author, the two of them 41 in a long and warmconversation like people falling in love.This is not reading as many young people know it. Their reading is instrumental: thedifference between what literary critic Frank Kermode calls carnal (肉体的) readingand spiritual reading. If we allow our offspring to believe carnal reading is all there is if we dont open the door to spiritual reading, through an early 42 on discipline andpractice we will have 43 them of an enjoyable experience they would not otherwiseencounter. Observing young peoples 44 to digital devices, some progressive educatorstalk about meeting kids where they are, molding instruction around their onscreenhabits. This is mistaken. We need, 45 , to show them someplace theyve never been, aplace only deep reading can take them.A) acquired B) actually C) attachment D) cheatedE) engaged F) feeble G) illicit H) insistenceI) intimate J) notwithstanding K) petition L) ratherM) scarcely N) swayed O) vigorouslySection B （10%710分=71分）Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attachedto it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You maychoose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with aletter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。例一Universities Branch OutA As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments ofnational competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the启航教育集团内部资料之新四六级讲义 应试之王 商志 2013 年 11 月编讲3承载理想 启航未来 商志老师新浪微博：商志考研英语scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means ofeducating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. But atthe same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services,information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for globalintegration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.B In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universitieshave become more self-consciously global: seeking students from around the worldwho represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own studentsabroad to prepare them for global careers, offering courses of study that address thechallenges of an interconnected world and collaborative (合作的) research programsto advance science for the benefit of all humanity.C Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movementacross borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving homeeach year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004. Most travel from one developed nation to another, butthe flow from developing to developed countries is growing rapidly. The reverseflow, from developed to developing countries, is on the rise, too. Today foreignstudents earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number crossing borders forundergraduate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of the undergraduates atAmericas best institutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U.K. In theUnited States, 20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineeringare foreign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty members at the top researchuniversities received their graduate education abroad.D) Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduateyears in another country. In Europe, more than 140,000 students participate in theErasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one of 2,200 participatinginstitutions across the continent. And in the United States, institutions are helpingplace students in summer internships (实习) abroad to prepare them for globalcareers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at leastone international study or internship opportunityand providing the financialresources to make it possible.E) Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involvessourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor andHoward Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research centerfocused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghais Fudan University, incollaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-square-meter laboratory facility.Yale faculty, postdoctors and graduate students visit regularly and attendvideoconference seminars with scientists from both campuses. The arrangement启航教育集团内部资料之新四六级讲义 应试之王 商志 2013 年 11 月编讲4承载理想 启航未来 商志老师新浪微博：商志考研英语benefits both countries; Xus Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costsof conducting research in China, and Chinese graduate students, postdoctors andfaculty get on-the-job training from a world-class scientist and his U.S. team.F) As a result of its strength in science, the United States has consistently led the worldin the commercialization of major new technologies, from the mainframe computerand the integrated circuit of the 1960s to the Internet infrastructure (基础设施) andapplications software of the 1990s. The link between university-based science andindustrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valleywas intentionally created by Stanford University, and Route 128 outside Boston haslong housed companies spun off from MIT and Harvard. Around the world,governments have encouraged copying of this model, perhaps most successfully inCambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leading software andbiotechnology companies have set up shop around the university.G) For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitant about sustaining theresearch-university model. Most politicians recognize the link between investment inscience and national economic strength, but support for research funding has beenunsteady. The budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and2003, but has risen more slowly than inflation since then. Support for the physicalsciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflation during that same period.The attempt to make up lost ground is welcome, but the nation would be betterserved by steady, predictable increases in science funding at the rate of long-termGDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percent per year.H) American politicians have great difficulty recognizing that admitting more foreignstudents can greatly promote the national interest by increasing internationalunderstanding. Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges andforeign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago. In the wake ofSeptember 11, changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the numberof foreign students seeking admission to U.S. universities, and a corresponding surgein enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U.K. Objections from Americanuniversity and business leaders led to improvements in the process and a reversal ofthe decline, but the United States is still seen by many as unwelcoming tointernational students.I) Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to the nations well-beingthrough their scientific research, but many fear that foreign students threatenAmerican competitiveness by taking their knowledge and skills back home. Theyfail to grasp that welcoming foreign students to the United States has two importantpositive effects: first, the very best of them stay in the States andlike immigrantsthroughout historystrengthen the nation; and second, foreign students who studyin the United States become ambassadors for many of its most cherished (珍视)values when they return home. Or at least they understand them better. In America启航教育集团内部资料之新四六级讲义 应试之王 商志 2013 年 11 月编讲5承载理想 启航未来 商志老师新浪微博：商志考研英语as elsewhere, few instruments of foreign policy are as effective in promoting peaceand stability as welcoming international university students.46. American universities prepare their undergraduates for global careers by giving themchances for international study or internship.47. Since the mid-1970s, the enrollment of overseas students has increased at an annualrate of 3.9 percent.48. The enrollment of international students will have a positive impact on America ratherthan threaten its competitiveness.49. The way research is carried out in universities has changed as a result ofglobalization.50. Of the newly hired professors in science and engineering in the United States, twentypercent come from foreign countries.51. The number of foreign students applying to U.S. universities decreased sharply afterSeptember 11 due to changes in the visa process.52. The U.S. federal funding for research has been unsteady for years.53. Around the world, governments encourage the model of linking university-basedscience and industrial application.54. Present-day universities have become a powerful force for global integration.55. When foreign students leave America, they will bring American values back to theirhome countries.例二Into the UnknownThe world has never seen population ageing before. Can it cope?A Until the early 1990s nobody much thought about whole populations getting older.The UN had the foresight to convene a world assembly on ageing back in 1982,but that came and went. By 1994 the World Bank had noticed that something bigwas happening. In a report entitled Averting the Old Age Crisis, it argued thatpension arrangements in most countries were unsustainable.B For the next ten years a succession of books, mainly by Americans, sounded thealarm. They had titles like Young vs Old, Gray Dawn and The Coming Generational启航教育集团内部资料之新四六级讲义 应试之王 商志 2013 年 11 月编讲6承载理想 启航未来 商志老师新浪微博：商志考研英语Storm, and their message was blunt: health-care systems were heading for the rocks,pensioners were taking young people to the cleaners, and soon there would beintergenerational warfare.C Since then the debate has become less emotional, not least because a little more isknown about the subject. Books, conferences and research papers have multiplied.International organisations such as the OECD and the EU issue regular reports.Population ageing is on every agenda, from G8 economic conferences to NATOsummits. The World Economic Forum plans to consider the future of pensions andhealth care at its prestigious Davos conference early next year. The media, includingthis newspaper, are giving the subject extensive coverage.D Whether all that attention has translated into sufficient action is another question.Governments in rich countries now accept that their pension and healthcare promiseswill soon become unaffordable, and many of them have embarked on reforms, but sofar only timidly. That is not surprising: politicians with an eye on the next electionwill hardly rush to introduce unpopular measures that may not bear fruit for years,perhaps decades.E The outline of the changes needed is clear. To avoid fiscal (财政的) meltdown,public pensions and health-care provision will have to be reined back severely andtaxes may have to go up. By far the most effective method to restrain pensionspending is to give people the opportunity to work longer, because it increases taxrevenues and reduces spending on pensions at the same time. It may even keep themalive longer. John Rother, the AARPs head of policy and strategy, points to studiesshowing that other things being equal, people who remain at work have lower deathrates than their retired peers.F Younger people today mostly accept that they will have to work for longer and thattheir pensions will be less generous. Employers still need to be persuaded that olderworkers are worth holding on to. That may be because they have had plenty ofyounger ones to choose from, partly thanks to the post-war baby-boom and partlybecause over the past few decades many more women have entered the labour force,increasing employers choice. But the reservoir of women able and willing to take uppaid work is running low, and the baby-boomers are going grey.G In many countries immigrants have been filling such gaps in the labour force ashave already emerged (and remember that the real shortage is still around ten yearsoff). Immigration in the developed world is the highest it has ever been, and it ismaking a useful difference. In still-fertile America it currently accounts for about 40%of total population growth, and in fast-ageing western Europe for about 90%.H On the face of it, it seems the perfect solution. Many developing countries havelots of young people in need of jobs; many rich countries need helping hands that启航教育集团内部资料之新四六级讲义 应试之王 商志 2013 年 11 月编讲7承载理想 启航未来 商志老师新浪微博：商志考研英语will boost tax revenues and keep up economic growth. But over the next fewdecades labour forces in rich countries are set to shrink so much that inflows ofimmigrants would have to increase enormously to compensate: to at least twicetheir current size in western Europes most youthful countries, and three times inthe older ones. Japan would need a large multiple of the few immigrants it has atpresent. Public opinion polls show that people in most rich countries already thinkthat immigration is too high. Further big increases would be politically unfeasible.I To tackle the problem of ageing populations at its root, old countries would haveto rejuvenate (使年轻) themselves by having more of their own children. A numberof them have tried, some more successfully than others. But it is not a simplematter of offering financial incentives or providing more child care. Modern urbanlife in rich countries is not well adapted to large families. Women find it hard tocombine family and career. They often compromise by having just one child.J And if fertility in ageing countries does not pick up? It will not be the end of theworld, at least not for quite a while yet, but the world is slowly become a differentplace. Older societies may be less innovative and more strongly disinclined to takerisks than younger ones. By 2025 at the latest, about half the voters in America andmost of those in western European countries will be over 50and older people turnout to vote in