笔译被动语态

被动语态的翻译 英语中被动语态使用广泛 凡是在不必要说出主动者 不愿说出主动者 无从说出主动者或者是为了便于连贯上下文等等场合 往往都用被动语态 汉语中虽也有被动语态 但使用范围狭窄得多 英语被动语态的句子 翻译成汉语时 很多情况下都可译成主动句 但也有一些可以保持被动语态 一 译成汉语主动句 一 原文中的主语在译文中仍作主语Thesenseofinferioritythatheacquiredinhisyouthhasneverbeentotallyremoved 他在青少年时期留下的自卑感 还没有完全消除 Ontheirdomesticstations eventsintheMiddleEastweredismissedbriefly 在他们国内电台的广播中 中东事件只轻描淡写地报导了一下 二 原文中的主语在译文中作宾语Bytheendofthewar800peoplehadbeensavedbytheorganization butatacostofover200BelgianandFrenchlives 大战终了时 这个组织拯救了800人 但那是以200多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的 Itwouldbeastonishingifthatlosswerenotkeenlyfelt 如果 人们 不强烈地感到损失 那倒是奇怪了 练习 Themobilephoneboomisdrivenbytheyoungadults Promisingyoungexecutivesaremoremotivatedbytheprospectofchallengeandresponsibility Theever increasingdemandforprivatecarscouldbehaltedbymoreinvestmentinpublictransport 三 采用状语作形式上的主语来翻译MovieswerefirstmadeinHollywoodbeforeWWI 一战前好莱坞首次制作了电影 In1849goldwasdiscoveredinCaliforniainthemountainsnearSanFranciscoandsostartedthefamousGoldRush 1849年加州旧金山附近的山里发现了黄金 由此开始了有名的淘金热 练习 1 TheconsumerspendingwasdampenedintheregionalfinancialcrisisinAsia 2 Thenation sfervorforbrand namegoodscan tbequenchedevenintheeconomicrecessioninJapan 四 常用被动语态句型的翻译1 不加主语Itissaid reported supposedthat 据报道 据说 据推测Itmustbeadmitted pointedoutthat 必须承认 必须指出Itishopedthat 希望Itmaybesaidwithoutfearofexaggerationthat 可以好不夸张地说Itwillbeseenfromthisthat 由此可见 2 可加主语Itisassertedthat 有人主张Itisbelievedthat 有人相信 认为 Itisgenerallyconsideredthat 大家认为Itiswell knownthat 大家知道 众所周知Itwillbesaidthat 有人会说Itwastoldthat 有人曾经说 练习 1 Itisbelievedthatnuclearpowerisamongthegreatestinnovationsofourtime Butitisalsofeareditwillbringtheendoftheworld 2 Scienceisoftenreferredtoasadouble edgedsword increasingourwealthandcomfortwhileleavingpeopleinfearofpotentialdangerslikehumancloning 3 Itiscommonlybelievedthathotclimatesreducepeople senergyandthatpeopleofthesouthwalkandtalkmoreslowlythanthebusynortherners 4 TheNationalSecurityAgencyinUSisaccusedofreadingotherpeople se mailsaroundtheworldinitssearchformilitaryandcommercialsecrets 二 译成汉语被动句 一 采用多种被动词1 Ourforeignpolicyissupportedbypeopleallovertheworld 我国的外交政策受到了全世界人民的支持 2 Americansprefertodisciplinethemselvesratherthanbedisciplinedbyothers 3 Apolicecourtispresidedoverbyamagistrate whotriesthecaseswithoutajury 4 IstartedtoexplainthatIcouldnotdomybestsincemyspectacleshadbeentakenawayfromme butshewouldn tletmefinish 5 IwassoimpressedbythesewordsthatIusedthemlaterforaChristmascard 二 采用原主语 省略被动词1 Theriskoftheglobalnuclearconflicthasbeengreatlyreduced 2 Broadlyspeaking humanbeingsmaybedividedintothreeclasses thosewhoaretoiledtodeath thosewhoareworriedtodeath andthosewhoareboredtodeath Inmuchoftheworld authorityisnotchallengedeitheroutofrespectoroutoffear sometimes toobecauseahierarchyofrankhasbeenfixedforsolongthatpeoplehavebeentrainedforgenerationsnevertochallengeit Insuchcountrieschildrenarenotexpectedtoquestiontheirteachersinschool andbrilliantyoungscholarsorinventiveindustrialgeniusesarehamperedintechnicalresearchbecausetheyhesitatetodisagreewiththeirsuperiors Cleverresearchersmaybeconsideredtooyoungtohaveanyrighttopresentfindingsthatcontradictknowledgeandwisdomoftheirelders However theAmericanistrainedfromchildhoodtoquestion analyzeandsearch Childrenwillbetoldtogolookthingsupforthemselves Schooltasksaredesignedtostimulatetheuseofawiderangeofmaterials Evenintheprimarygrades childrenaretaughttouselibraries andtosearchfornewideas Ifpeoplemeananythingatallbytheexpression untimelydeath theymustbelievethatsomedeathsrunonabetterschedulethanothers Deathinoldageisrarelycalleduntimely alonglifeisthoughttobeafullone Butwiththepassingofayoungperson oneassumesthatthebestyearslayaheadandthemeasuresofthatlifewasstilltobetaken Historydeniesthis ofcourse Amongprominentsummerdeaths onerecallsthoseofMarilynMonroeandJamesDeans whoselivesseemedequallybriefandcomplete WriterscannotbearthefactthatpoetJohnKeatsdiedat26 and